Relationship between Plankton Community Structure and Environmental Factors in Ecological Culture Ponds of Black Carp Mylopharyngodon piceus-Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Bighead Carp Aristichthys nobilis
GONG Jinling, LI Xuemei, HE Yongfeng, YANG Deguo, ZHU Yongjiu
Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
Abstract：In order to study the relationship between plankton community structure and environmental factors in the ecological culture ponds of black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus-silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis from April to October 2015, the plankton and physicochemical properties of water quality were monitored in three black carp culture ponds. The results showed that a total of 112 species of phytoplankton were detected in ecological culture ponds, including Chlorophyta (47), Euglenophyta (30) and Bacillariophyta (17) being the dominant taxonomy. The dominant species were Cyclotella comta, Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus armatus. The average density and biomass of phytoplankton were 3.24×107 ind./L and 32.10 mg/L. A total of 96 species of zooplankton were detected, including 42 protozoa, 40 rotifers, 9 branchopods and 5 copepods. The dominant species were Anuraeopsis fissa, Polyarthra trigla Ehrenberg and Trichocerca pusilla, with average zooplankton density and biomass of 6.08×104 ind./L and 5.20 mg/L. The diversity index of phytoplankton and zooplankton in different months were Shannon-Wiener′s diversity index (1.8—2.5 and 2.9—4.5), species richness index (2.5—4.9 and 1.2—4.1), and species evenness index (0.51—0.69 and 1.5—2.8). In addition, the relationship between plankton community and physicochemical factors in water was discussed through Pearson correlation analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA). It was found that pH, water temperature (T), transparency (SD) and dissolved oxygen (DO) were the main environmental factors affecting the plankton community structure in the ecological culture ponds of black carp, silver carp and bighead carp. Therefore, in actual production, the composition and quantity of plankton community structure in aquaculture water can be controlled by regulating water quality, so as to improve aquaculture yield. Meanwhile, water quality management should be strengthened in the weather of high temperature and hypoxia.
龚进玲, 李学梅, 何勇凤, 杨德国, 朱永久. 青鱼—鲢、鳙生态池塘浮游生物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系[J]. 水产科学, 2022, 41(4): 517-526.
GONG Jinling, LI Xuemei, HE Yongfeng, YANG Deguo, ZHU Yongjiu. Relationship between Plankton Community Structure and Environmental Factors in Ecological Culture Ponds of Black Carp Mylopharyngodon piceus-Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Bighead Carp Aristichthys nobilis. Fisheries Science, 2022, 41(4): 517-526.
[1]郑诚,陆开宏,徐镇,等.四明湖水库浮游植物功能类群的季节演替及其影响因子[J].环境科学,2018,39(6):2688-2697. [2]EL-KASSAS H Y, GHARIB S M. Phytoplankton abundance and structure as indicator of water quality in the drainage system of the Burullus Lagoon, southern Mediterranean coast, Egypt[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2016,188(9):530. [3]THORP J H, COVICH A P. Introduction to freshwater invertebrates[M]//THORP J H, COVICH A P. Ecology and classification of north American freshwater invertebrates. 2nd ed. Amsterdam:Elsevier,2001:1-18. [4]杨宇峰,黄祥飞.浮游动物生态学研究进展[J].湖泊科学,2000,12(1):81-89. [5]农业农村部渔业渔政管理局,全国水产技术推广总站,中国水产学会.2020中国渔业统计年鉴[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2020:25. [6]刘俊利,熊邦喜,王基松,等.鲢、鳙对养殖水体的生态功能评析[J].水利渔业,2008,29(4):8-10. [7]李学梅,朱永久,秦长柏,等.青鱼—鳙高效生态养殖技术[J].科学养鱼,2017(5):18-19. [8]王朋,徐钢春,聂志娟,等.大口黑鲈池塘工程化循环水养殖系统中溶解氧浓度变动规律及浮游动植物的响应特征[J].江苏农业科学,2020,48(2):177-183. [9]李学梅,朱永久,龚进玲,等.高密度鳙池塘分区养殖浮游动物群落结构及水环境特征[J].水生生物学报,2018,42(2):400-405. [10]张韦,吴会民,蔡超,等.主养凡纳滨对虾池塘水体理化因子及浮游生物变化特征[J].经济动物学报,2019,23(1):29-35. [11]季英杰,邓闵,陈杰玉,等.发酵有机肥对主养草鱼池塘水质调控效果研究[J].水生生物学报,2018,42(1):171-181. [12]张家卫,赵文,丁建华,等.分区集群式清洁养殖池塘浮游生物群落结构及水环境特征[J].生态学报,2017,37(10):3577-3585. [13]章宗涉,黄祥飞.淡水浮游生物研究方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1991:53-251. [14]胡鸿钧,魏印心.中国淡水藻类:系统、分类及生态[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:9-478. [15]刘建康.高级水生生物学[M].北京:科学出版社,1999:95-133. [16]中国科学院中国动物志编辑委员会.中国动物志:节肢动物门 甲壳纲 淡水枝角类[M].北京:科学出版社,1979:1-450. [17]赵文.水生生物学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005:499-516. [18]李瑞娇,吕元蛟,张念,等.主养草鱼池塘的浮游植物群落结构及其环境影响因素研究[J].淡水渔业,2014,44(2):77-82. [19]王旭娜,江敏,钟锐,等.凡纳滨对虾养殖池塘中浮游植物群落结构与水质因子的关系[J].水产学报,2018,42(11):1787-1803. [20]王飞飞,覃宝利,王信海,等.大鳞鲃主养池理化因子、浮游生物及养殖效果分析[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(22):168-172. [21]陈红,刘清,潘建雄,等.灞河城市段浮游生物群落结构时空变化及其与环境因子的关系[J].生态学报,2019,39(1):173-184. [22]严黎,罗欢,陈华香,等.九曲湾水库浮游生物群落结构及水质相关性分析[J].中国农村水利水电,2020(8):56-61. [23]陈炳辉,刘正文.滤食杂食性鱼类放养对浮游动物群落结构的影响[J].生态科学,2012,31(2):161-166. [24]杨宇峰,黄祥飞.鲢鳙对浮游动物群落结构的影响[J].湖泊科学,1992,4(3):78-86. [25]胡春英.围圈养鱼对浮游动物多样性的影响[J].水生生物学报,2000,24(5):430-433. [26]FERMANI P, DIOVISALVI N, TORREMORELL A, et al. The microbial food web structure of a hypertrophic warm-temperate shallow lake, as affected by contrasting zooplankton assemblages[J].Hydrobiologia,2013,714(1):115-130. [27]吴恢碧,李谷,陶玲,等.循环流水池塘养殖系统浮游植物群落结构与特征[J].华中农业大学学报,2008,27(5):648-653. [28]杨威,孙雨琛,张婷婷,等.富营养化对小型湖泊浮游甲壳动物群落结构及多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2020,40(14):4874-4882. [29]PADISÁK J, CROSSETTI L O, NASELLI-FLORES L. Use and misuse in the application of the phytoplankton functional classification:a critical review with updates[J].Hydrobiologia,2009,621(1):1-19. [30]李然然,章光新,张蕾.查干湖湿地浮游植物与环境因子关系的多元分析[J].生态学报,2014,34(10):2663-2673. [31]TILMAN D, KILHAM S S, KILHAM P. Phytoplankton community ecology:the role of limiting nutrients[J].Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,1982,13:349-372. [32]杜伟,郑重莺,马文君,等.浙江省重点水产养殖区水体pH值和浮游植物季相变化[J].浙江农业科学,2017,58(6):1048-1050. [33]刘艳.额尔齐斯河及邻近内陆河流域浮游植物生态学研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2011:59-60. [34]王伟.强降雨对胶州湾生源要素的补充作用及浮游植物丰度和种群结构的影响[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013:48-49. [35]SANTA K D, VINATEA L. Evaluation of respiration rates and mechanical aeration requirements in semi-intensive shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei culture ponds[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2007,36(1):73-80. [36]田旺.湖泊浮游生物群落对环境和生物多样性的响应机制[D].北京:华北电力大学,2017:60-61. [37]陶峰,刘凯,蔺丹清,等.安庆市西江浮游植物群落多样性时空格局[J].大连海洋大学学报,2019,34(2):239-246. [38]DUSSART B H, FERNANDO C H, MATSUMURA-TUNDISI T, et al. A review of systematics, distribution and ecology of tropical freshwater zooplankton[J].Hydrobiologia,1984,113(1):77-91. [39]郭坤,彭婷,罗静波,等.长湖浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系[J].海洋与湖沼,2017,48(1):40-49. [40]蔡阳,陆欣鑫,巴秋爽,等.镜泊湖春、夏两季浮游生物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系[J].海洋与湖沼,2019,50(1):116-128. [41]杨亮杰,吕光汉,竺俊全,等.横山水库浮游动物群落结构特征及水质评价[J].水生生物学报,2014,38(4):720-728. [42]金琼贝,盛连喜,张然.温度对浮游动物群落的影响[J].东北师大学报(自然科学版),1991,23(4):103-111. [43]侯来利.淮南市高塘湖水域浮游动物群落特征研究[D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2007:66-67.
2022, Vol. 41 
