Abstract：Genetic diversity analysis of 40 wild specimens from Schizothorax lantsangensis from four geographical groups in upper and middle Lancang River was carried out by simplified genome sequencing, aimed to provide reference for the protection of germplasm resources of S. lantsangensis. Average sequencing depth 29.36×, a total of 467.67 Mb reads, average Q30 sequencing of 94.88%, and 498 199 specific-locus amplified fragment (SLAF) tags were obtained, in which there were a total of 213 644 polymorphic SLAF tags, 736 515 population single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The genetic analysis showed that the distribution ranges of observed and expected alleles were 1.90—1.97 and 1.36—1.57, respectively, in Huangdeng-Dahuaqiao, Lidi, Wulongnong and Miaowei. The distribution ranges of observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity were 0.16—0.50 and 0.21—0.33, respectively. The range of diversity index and fragrance index was 0.25—0.34 and 0.32—0.50, respectively. The PIC(Polymorphism information content) was 0.2655, 0.2499, 0.2463 and 0.1709, respectively, which was at the middle and low polymorphic level. The minimum allele frequency (MAF) was 0.2653, 0.2579, 0.2561 and 0.2724, In the genetic diversity index, Huangdeng-Dahuaqiao population was the highest and showed significant difference among populations (P<0.05). The variation between groups accounted for 2.91%, and the variation within groups accounted for 97.09%, indicating that the variation mostly occurs within the population. The genetic distance between groups was ranged from 0.0323 to 0.2588 and the genetic differentiation index between groups was ranged from -0.019 to 0.0817 (P>0.05), and hylogenetic tree showed the phenomenon of cross clustering of four geographic groups. In conclusion, the genetic diversity level of the four geographical groups is moderate, and the genetic distance is consistent with the clustering results and the actual situation. The reason for the extinction is excessive human interference. It is suggested that the monitoring of Yunnan indigenous fish resources should be strengthened in the upper and middle reaches of the Lancang River, and the quality and intensity of artificial proliferation and release should be enhanced.
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2022, Vol. 41 
