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| Analysis of Mitochondrial Genomic Structures in Bivalves |
| MENG Xue-ping,SHEN Xin,ZHAO Na-na,TIAN Mei,ZHENG Li-bo,CHENG Han-liang,YAN Bin-lun,DONG Zhi-guo |
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Abstract Bivalves mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA ) were retrieved from GenBank , and then the comparative analysis of the genomic structures were conducted to reveal the evolution of mitochondrial genomes in bivalves ,and the application of mitochondrial genome in the evolution and identification of related species. A total of 45 mtDNA sequences obtained ,ranging from 15 to 32 kb ,with average A+T content of 62. 9% ,were distributed in 5 orders in bivalves. Genes of most species were found to be distributed in the heavy chain ,and mitochondrial genes from Unionoida in the 2 chains. A few species (12 species from Unionoida ,2 species from Veneroida ,1 species from Mytiloida ,and 1 species from Myoida , species from oyster Crassostrea) mitochondrial genomes contain 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) ,and the remainings are comprised of 12 PCGs ,w hich are lack of AT P8 gene. The gene arrangements of PCGs and rRNAs are identical within same genus or family ,including 4 species from Meretrix ,4 species from Crassostrea ,11 species from Unionidae and Margaritiferidae , two species (Mytilus edulis and M. galloprovincialis) from mussel Mytilus. The gene arrangements of 10 mitochondrial genomes from Ostreidae can be divided into 7 types. There were no shared gene blocks in mitochondrial genomes from Pectinidae except similar gene structures were detected in bay scallop Argopecten irradians irradians f arreri(NC_012977)and A. irradians(NC_009687). The mussels Mytilus edulis and M. trossulus from Mytilidae have very similar genomic structures ,and the genomic structure of Musculista senhousia is very special with a duplicated cox2 genes. The gene arrangement of Hiatella arctica from Myoida is very different from other species. The proportions of non-coding regions in mitogenomes are ranged from 7.6%to 40.3% ,the major non-coding region ranging from 374nt to 4341nt in size in bivalves. The minimum divergence is found to be 0.2-1.0/0-1.0 in Meretrix ,0.4-2.0/0-3.2 in Mytilus and 1.9-13.9/0-6.4 in oyster Crassostrea based on nucleotides of PCGs genes/amino acids of proteins.
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Received: 25 December 2013
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