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| Effects of Temperature on Incubation and Sexual Determination in Turtle Mauremys sinensis |
| RONG Yin-yan,LING Lan,FU Li-rong,SHI Hai-tao |
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Abstract The effects of temperature [(25 ± 0 .5) ,(27 ± 0 .5) ,(29 ± 0 .5) ,(31 ± 0 .5) ,and (33 ± 0 .5) ℃] and temperature conversion (from 27 ℃ to 33 ℃ and from 33 ℃ to 27 ℃) on embryonic development ,sex‐ual differentiation ,and survival of eggs were studied in turtle Mauremys sinensis incubated at a rate of 30 eggs at each temperature under relative air moisture of 85% ~90% and substrate moisture of 5% ~10%with duplication .The incubation period was found to be gradually declined and the incubation survival rate to be increased with the raising temperature ,the minimal incubation survival rate of 46 .2% at 25 ℃ ,and the maximal incubation survival rate of 96 .2% at 27 ℃ .The newly hatched turtle showed significant in‐crease in body weight ,length of carapace and plastron at 27 ℃ ,decline in incubation survival rate ,and in‐crease in malformation at 33 ℃ ,indicating that the turtle embryos did not develop normally at 33 ℃ .At 25 ℃ ,83 .3% of male individuals was observed in the hatched turtle ,and gradually reduced with the tem‐perature rising .At 33 ℃ ,however ,the newly hatched turtles were all female .The temperature conver‐sion showed that the mechanism of the gender determination was found to be TSD ,especially TSD Ⅰ in snapping turtle M .sinensis .
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Received: 25 June 2014
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