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| Effects of Bacillus licheniformis on Growth, Digestive and Immune Functions of Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus |
| WANG Xuda, GUAN Xiaoyan, WANG Jian, DONG Ying, JIANG Jingwei, JIANG Bei, LI Shilei, ZHAO Zelong, CHEN Zhong, GAO Shan, ZHOU ZunchunLiaoning |
| Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian 116023, China |
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Abstract A feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of probiotics on growth, digestive enzyme activity and immune defense factors of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. The Bacillus licheniformi isolated from the intestines of sea cucumber was identified as the strain of potential probiotics. Sea cucumber with an initial body weight of (7.17±0.86) g was fed a control diet or a diet supplemented with probiotics containing B. licheniformis. The additive does of living Bacillus cell in feed were 105, 107, 109, and 1011 cfu/g and the relevant indices were determined every ten days. After 40 days of feeding with B. licheniformis-diets or control diet, live Vibrio splendidus was injected into the body wall of sea cucumber to conduct the challenge test. Results showed the sea cucumber fed diet with 105 and 1011 cfu/g B. licheniformis had no significant difference growth, digestive enzyme activity and immune defense factors compared with the control. Added viable B. licheniformis with the concentration of 107, 109 cfu/g into the feed not only promoted the weight gain rate(WGR) and specific growth rate(SGR), but also significantly improved the digestive enzyme activity, such as activities of trypsin(TRY), lipase(LPS) and amylase(AMS), besides the immune defense factors, activities of acid phosphatase(ACP), alkaline phosphatase(AKP), super-oxide dismutase(SOD) and lysozyme(LZM) were also increased significantly compared with the control. Most indices mentioned above were increased continually during the whole study other than the activities of AMS and SOD of sea cucumbers were increased initially and then decreased. The challenge test showed that sea cucumbers fed the diet either with 107 or 109 cfu/g B. licheniformis had lower cumulative mortality rate(CMR) and higher relative percent survival(RPS), and had a potential of enhancing the disease resistance against V. splendidus compared with controls. The findings indicated that when the supplemental level of B. licheniformis in diets at the doses of 107 and 109 cfu/g, the growth, digestion and immune function of sea cucumber were promoted effectively.
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Received: 27 March 2020
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