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| Adaptive Evolution and Expression Analysis of the FKBP12 Gene in Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis |
| JIAO Chuanzhen, TIAN Zhihuan |
| College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China |
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Abstract To investigate the roles and adaptive evolution of FKBP12 in the growth, development, and nutritional metabolism of crustaceans, the cDNA encoding FKBP12 was cloned in Chinese mitten carb Eriocheir sinensis (EsFKBP12) with an average body weight of (10.95±2.25) g using RT-PCR methods, and its sequence, structural feature, and adaptive evolutionary sites were characterized by bioinformatics analyses. The tissue distribution of EsFKBP12 mRNA and the effects of eyestalk ablation and starvation (7 days and 14 days) on the expression of EsFKBP12 were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results showed that EsFKBP12 contained 109 amino acids, and its sequence, functional domains and sites were highly conserved among FKBP12s from diverse biological species, with a three-dimensional structure closely resembling that of human FKBP12. Six significantly positive selection sites were identified in the Brachyura group, located in important functional domains such as the β1 sheet region (6I), β1—β2 loop region (8T, 16W), β2—β3 loop region (35S), and β4/β5 sheet region (74R, 76V). An additional potential positive selection site(99T) was also identified. EsFKBP12 mRNA was widely expressed in stomach, intestine, hepatopancreas, and heart, except in the eyestalk. The significantly upregulated EsFKBP12 mRNA levels were observed in the hepatopancreas following unilateral eyestalk ablation, while starvation induced a tissue-specific expression pattern, with significantly elevated expression in cheliped muscle and decreased expression in the hepatopancreas. These findings provide a basis for further elucidating the role of FKBP12 in regulating growth, development, and nutritional metabolism in Chinese mitten crab and offer new insights into the adaptive evolutionary mechanisms of multifunctional proteins in crustaceans.
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Received: 07 April 2025
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