Toxicological Effect of Ammonia on Embryos and Prolarvae of Taiwan Loach
WANG Mengjie1,2, WANG Haihua2, MA Benhe2, CHEN Jianhua1, ZHU Ming1
1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; 2. Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in Poyang Lake, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330039, China
Abstract：The blastula embryos of Taiwan loach(Paramisgurnus dabryanus ssp. Taiwan) were placed in a 90 mm diameter, 45 mm high glass crystal dish and exposed to 0(control), 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/L ammonia concentrations in order to investigate the effects of different concentrations of ammonia on the development and toxicity of embryos and prolarvae of Taiwan loach. The hatching success, incubation period, mortality rate, abnormality rate, body length, heart beating rate, yolk absorption rate and specific growth rate were measured under a microscope. The embryo hatching rate, mortality rate and larva malformation rate of Taiwan loach were found to be significantly increased with the increase in ammonia concentration(P<0.05), without significant effects of ammonia exposure on the incubation period and embryonic heart beating rate(P>0.05). All of the dead prolarvae were observed in 40 and 80 mg/L concentration groups within 48 h and 12 h after hatching, respectively. The growth and yolk absorption rate of larval Taiwan loach exposed to high ammonia concentration were inhibited (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in embryonic development and larva growth between the low concentration group (5 and 10 mg/L) and the control group(P>0.05). The findings explored the toxicological effects of ammonia exposure on embryo-larvae of Taiwan loach, and provided theoretical basis for breeding of Taiwan loach.
王梦杰, 王海华, 马本贺, 陈建华, 朱明. 氨氮对台湾泥鳅胚胎及卵黄囊期仔鱼的毒理效应[J]. 水产科学, 2020, 39(4): 483-490.
WANG Mengjie, WANG Haihua, MA Benhe, CHEN Jianhua, ZHU Ming. Toxicological Effect of Ammonia on Embryos and Prolarvae of Taiwan Loach. 水产科学, 2020, 39(4): 483-490.
[1]Colt J. Water quality requirements for reuse systems [J]. Aquacultural Engineering,2006,34(3):143-156. [2]Colt J, Tchobanoglous G. Chronic exposure of channel catfish,Ictalurus punctatus, to ammonia: effects on growth and survival [J]. Aquaculture,1978,15(4):353-372. [3]Wajsbrot N, Gasith A, Diamant A, et al. Chronic toxicity of ammonia to juvenile gilthead seabream Sparus aurata and related histopathological effects [J]. Journal of Fish Biology,1993,42(3):321-328. [4]Armstrong D A, Chippendale D, Knight A W, et al. Interaction of ionized and un-ionized ammonia on short-term survival and growth of prawn larvae, Macrobrachium rosenbergii [J]. Biological Bulletin,1978,154(1):15-31. [5]Ip Y K, Chew S F. Ammonia production, excretion, toxicity, and defense in fish: a review [J]. Frontiers in Physiology,2010,1(1):134. [6]郝小凤,刘洋,凌去非. 氨氮对泥鳅的急性毒性及对其肝、鳃组织超微结构的影响[J]. 水生态学杂志,2012,33(5):101-107. [7]唐首杰,刘辛宇,吴太淳,等. 慢性氨氮胁迫对“新吉富”罗非鱼幼鱼生长及血清生化指标的影响[J]. 水产科学,2019,38(6):741-748. [8]孙侦龙,朱永祥,刘大勇,等. 非离子氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮对暗纹东方鲀稚鱼的急性毒性试验[J].水产科学,2015,34(3):135-139. [9]王志坚,鲁增辉,石萍. 氨氮对稀有鮈鲫胚胎及卵黄囊期仔鱼的毒性效应研究[J]. 环境科学,2012,33(4):1323-1330. [10]Brinkman S F, Woodling J D, Vajda A M, et al. Chronic toxicity of ammonia to early life stage rainbow trout [J]. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,2009,138(2):433-440. [11]Mayes M A, Alexander H C, Hopkins D L, et al. Acute and chronic toxicity of ammonia to freshwater fish: a site-specific study [J]. Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry,1986,5(5):437-442. [12]蓝伟光,陈霓. 氨及亚硝酸盐对真鲷仔鱼的急性毒性研究[J]. 海洋科学,1992,16(3):68-69. [13]Barimo J F, Walsh P J. The effects of acute and chronic ammonia exposure during early life stages of the gulf toadfish, Opsanus beta [J]. Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam),2005,75(3):225-237. [14]戴璐怡.大鳞副泥鳅和台湾泥鳅的形态学研究和线粒体基因组全序列分析[D]. 舟山:浙江海洋学院,2015. [15]Gao L, Duan M, Cheng F, et al. Ontogenetic development in the morphology and behavior of loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) during early life stages [J]. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2014,32(5):973-981. [16]汪帆,杨瑞斌,樊启学. 东方高原鳅的胚胎与胚后发育观察[J]. 华中农业大学学报,2017,36(6):89-98. [17]Fraysse B, Mons R, Garric J. Development of a zebra fish 4-day embryo-larval bioassay to assess toxicity of chemicals [J]. Ecotoxicology & Environmental Safety,2006,63(2):253-267. [18]Yasumasu S, Iuchi I, Yamagami K. Medaka hatching enzyme consists of two kinds of proteases which act cooperatively [J]. Zoological Science,1988,5(1):191-195. [19]Yasumasu S, Kawaguchi M, Ouchi S, et al. Mechanism of egg envelope digestion by hatching enzymes, HCE and LCE in medaka, Oryzias latipes [J]. Journal of Biochemistry,2010,148(4):439-448. [20]Kawaguchi M, Yasumasu S, Shimizu A, et al. Conservation of the egg envelope digestion mechanism of hatching enzyme in euteleostean fishes [J]. Febs Journal,2010,277(23):4973-4987. [21]Wang J, Li J, Xu N, et al. Responses of Takifugu obscurus fertilized eggs and larvae to increased ammonia exposure [J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,44(4):15976-15984. [22]Amado L L, Monserrat J M. Oxidative stress generation by microcystins in aquatic animals: why and how [J]. Environment International,2010,36(2):226-235. [23]Chen Y, Li J, Sun H, et al. Dose-dependent effect of un-ionized ammonia on hatching success of fertilized eggs of silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis [J]. Journal of Freshwater Ecology,2013,28(1):39-46. [24]Rice S D, Stokes R M. Acute toxicity of ammonia to several developmental stages of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri[J]. Fishery Bulletin,1975,73(1):207-211. [25]Harryv D, Claudee B, Vernon M R. Acute toxicity of ammonia and nitrite to spotted seatrout [J]. The Progressive Fish-Culturist,1987,49(4):260-263. [26]Steele S L, Chadwick T D, Wright P A. Ammonia detoxification and localization of urea cycle enzyme activity in embryos of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in relation to early tolerance to high environmental ammonia levels [J]. Journal of Experimental Biology,2001,204(12):2145-2154. [27]Ruyet J P L, Boeuf G, Infante J Z. Short-term physiological changes in turbot and seabream juveniles exposed to exogenous ammonia [J]. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol,1998,119(2):511-518. [28]Cheng S H, Wai A W K, So C H, et al. Cellular and molecular basis of cadmium-induced deformities in zebrafish embryos [J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2000,19(12):3024-3031. [29]Oliveira R, Domingues I, Grisolia C K, et al. Effects of triclosan on zebrafish early-life stages and adults [J]. Environmental Science & Pollution Research,2009,16(6):679-688. [30]Jezierska B, Ługowska K, Witeska M. The effects of heavy metals on embryonic development of fish (a review)[J]. Fish Physiology & Biochemistry,2009,35(4):625-640. [31]张云龙. 大鳞副泥鳅早期发育及耐氨机制研究[D]. 武汉:华中农业大学,2016. [32]Fairchild J F, Allert A L, Sappington L C, et al. Chronic toxicity of un-ionized ammonia to early life-stages of endangered Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius) and razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) compared to the surrogate fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) [J]. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2005,49(3):378-384. [33]Chen J C, Kou Y Z. Accumulation of ammonia in the haemolymph of Penaeus monodon exposed to ambient ammonia [J]. Aquaculture,1993,109(2):177-185. [34]Benli A Ç K, Köksal G, ÖZkul A. Sublethal ammonia exposure of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.): effects on gill, liver and kidney histology [J]. Chemosphere,2008,72(9):1355-1358. [35]Özcan Oruç E, Üner N, Sevgiler Y, et al. Sublethal effects of organophosphate diazinon on the brain of Cyprinus carpio [J]. Drug and Chemical Toxicology,2006,29(1):57-67. [36]Weis J S, Weis P, Heber M, et al. Methylmercury tolerance of killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) embryos from a polluted vs non-polluted environment [J]. Marine Biology,1981,65(3):283-287. [37]胡海燕. 水产养殖废水氨氮处理研究[D]. 青岛:中国海洋大学,2007. [38]国家环境保护局. GB 11607—1989,渔业水质标准 [S]. 北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990.
2020, Vol. 39 
