Effects of Different Intensive Grass Carp Culture Modes on Aeromonas Community
XU Xiandong1,2, FU Huiyun2, OUYANG Min2, WAN Guoyuan3, RAO Yi2, HUANG Jiangfeng2, ZHOU Zhiyong2, LIU Lihui1
1. Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of AquaticAnimal Immune Technology, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510380, China; 2. Jiangxi Fisheries ResearchInstitute, Nanchang 330039, China; 3. Apiculture Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330201, China
摘要为研究草鱼池塘精养、山塘养殖以及鱼菜共生养殖3种养殖模式下气单胞属细菌群落特征差异,2017年5—7月(养殖投喂旺盛期)用采水器在池塘两端和中部采集表层15 cm处水样,混合均匀后,装入灭菌塑料瓶中,低温保存;在池塘两端和中部用采泥器采集表层底泥,现场各无菌称取5 g 底泥,置于装有135 mL 的无菌生理盐水的塑料瓶中,振荡混匀,低温保存。水样和底泥样4 h内带回实验室,利用RS平板分离法分离水体和底泥样本中的细菌,通过16S rDNA测序方法鉴定、分析分离细菌。试验结果表明,共分离细菌54株,为10属22种,其中气单胞菌属23株,假单胞菌属8株,柠檬酸杆菌属6株,肠杆菌属7株,泛菌属、沙雷氏菌属各3株,果胶杆菌属、沙门氏菌属、克吕沃尔菌属、勒克氏菌属细菌各1株。按细菌种类分,维氏气单胞菌数量最多,为12株,嗜水气单胞菌次之,为10株,烟粉肠杆菌6株,弗氏柠檬酸杆菌5株,其他细菌1~2株不等。不同养殖模式下细菌种类和数量分析表明,鱼菜共生养殖系统细菌种类和数量最多,达到12种21株,潜在致病菌占比较少,草鱼精养殖池塘细菌种类最少,为5种13株,致病菌占比较高。细菌环境分布特征表明,维氏气单胞菌多分布在水体,嗜水气单胞菌多分布于底泥中。
Abstract：The abundance and diversity of Aeromonas bacteria were investigated in water samples collected at 15 cm of the surface at both ends and the middle of the pond, and sediment samples in three culture modes of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus ponds including intensive formulated feed pond, ryegrass and other forages mountain pond, and grass carp, fish and vegetable symbiosis (aquaponic) pond from May to July 2017 (the period of vigorous breeding and feeding) by RS plate separation method and by 16S rDNA sequencing. The results showed that a total of 54 strains of bacteria were isolated, and divided into 10 genera and 22 species, with 23 Aeromonas strains, 8 Pseudomonas strains, 6 Citrobacter strains, 7 Enterobacter strains, 3 Pantoea strains and 3 Serratia strains. There was 1 strain of bacteria in genera such as Pectinobacterium, Salmonella, Kluyverella and Leclercia, with the maximal number of Aeromonas veronii (12 strains), followed by A. hydrophila (10 strains). There were 6 strains of E. tabaci, 5 strains of C. freundii, and 1 or 2 of other strains. The analysis of bacterial species and quantity in different modes revealed that there was the most bacterial species and quantity (12 species and 21 strains), and the least pathogenic bacteria in the aquaponics system. The least bacterial species (5 species and 13 strains) and higher proportion of pathogenic bacteria was observed in the intensive grass carp culture pond with commercial feed. The distribution characteristics of bacteria showed that A. veronii was mostly distributed in water, and A. hydrophila was mostly found in sediment.
[1]智研咨询集团. 2018年中国草鱼产量达到550.43万吨,广东、两湖及江西四大产区占比超过50%[EB/OL]. (2019-10-17)[2020-03-24]. http:∥www.chyxx.com/industry/201910/794089.html. [2]张爱芳,章海鑫,肖俊,等.不同池塘养殖模式下草鱼肌肉营养成分及氨基酸组成的比较[J].安徽农业科学,2019,47(6):91-93,96. [3]雷晓中,汪亮,温周瑞,等.三种不同养殖模式对草鱼肝胰脏结构与功能的影响[J].淡水渔业,2015,45(6):59-62. [4]马富平.主养草鱼池塘微生物群落结构分析及嗜水气单胞菌拮抗菌筛选[D].重庆:西南大学,2017. [5]程莹寅,吴山功,郑英珍,等.主养草鱼池塘底泥微生物群落多样性研究[J].淡水渔业,2011,41(6):43-49. [6]何涛.草鱼养殖水体的细菌群落结构特征及维氏气单胞菌的拮抗菌筛选研究[D].长沙:湖南师范大学,2017. [7]Qin Y, Hou J, Deng M, et al. Bacterial abundance and diversity in pond water supplied with different feeds [J]. Scientific Reports,2016,6(1):35232. [8]杨五名,李爱华,刘金玉,等.广东中山地区气单胞菌环境株的分离、鉴定及系统发生关系[J].微生物学通报,2007,34(4):745-748. [9]Shotts E B, Rimler R. Medium for the isolation of Aeromonas hydrophila[J].Applied Microbiology,1973,26(4):550-553. [10]东秀珠,蔡妙英.常见细菌系统鉴定手册[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:117. [11]Cardona E, Gueguen Y, Magré K, et al. Bacterial community characterization of water and intestine of the shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris in a biofloc system[J].BMC Microbiology,2016,16(1):157. [12]Schmautz Z, Graber A, Jaenicke S, et al. Microbial diversity in different compartments of an aquaponics system[J].Archives of Microbiology,2017,199(4):613-620. [13]孙苏燕,张德民,钱丽君,等.三疣梭子蟹养殖塘表层底泥异养细菌群落比较研究[J].水产学报,2010,34(5):820-828. [14]苟小兰,苏艳秋,黄丹,等.生态调控技术对异育银鲫养殖池底泥菌群多样性的影响[J].水产科学,2017,36(2):148-152. [15]杨五名.淡水池塘中气单胞菌的生态学与流行病学研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2010. [16]徐先栋,李燕华,王海华,等.台湾泥鳅幼鱼红点病病原的分离鉴定及药敏分析[J].水产科学,2018,37(4):522-526. [17]张德锋,刘礼辉,李宁求,等.我国南方地区鱼源气单胞菌不同种类的流行特征[J].水产科学,2015,34(11):673-682. [18]Ran C, Qin C B, Xie M X, et al. Aeromonas veronii and aerolysin are important for the pathogenesis of motile aeromonad septicemia in cyprinid fish[J].Environmental Microbiology,2018,20(9):3442-3456. [19]薛巧,赵战勤,刘会胜,等.弗氏柠檬酸杆菌对动物和人致病性研究进展[J].动物医学进展,2015,36(7):81-85.
2021, Vol. 40 
