摘要为了探究渔业资源监测过程中传统渔具的合理组合与应用,2024年11月在江苏省白马湖(N 33°9'~33°19', E 119°2'~119°12')水域6个采样点,采用三重刺网Ⅰ~Ⅴ和串联倒须式地笼网进行了渔业资源调查,对比分析了不同规格三重刺网和地笼网的渔获物组成、捕捞效率、优势物种、渔获物多样性与相似性、体长分布特征以及不同网具组合的物种累积曲线。研究结果显示,6种网具渔获物的种类组成、捕捞效率、优势物种、物种多样性、体长分布等均存在较大差异。地笼网捕捞效率较低,但对底栖性物种具有明显的选择性。刺网则随着内网网目尺寸增加,捕获的个体数和物种数及其对应的单位捕获努力量数量和单位捕获努力量物种数均逐渐减少,而鱼体规格逐渐增大。相比之下,刺网Ⅲ的单位捕获努力量渔获量最高,而刺网Ⅴ捕获个体体长范围更广,对中大型鱼类具有较好的捕捞选择性。6种网具的渔获物在57.08%的相似性水平上可以被划分为3组,反映出渔获群落结构的差异。综合捕捞效率与覆盖度,本研究推荐“地笼网+刺网Ⅰ+刺网Ⅲ+刺网Ⅴ”作为浅水湖泊渔业资源监测的参考组合,并建议适当增加刺网Ⅴ的用量以提升中大型鱼类的检出效率。总体而言,传统网具在禁渔水域资源监测中仍具有不可替代的作用。未来应结合体长结构、水声学和统计建模等方法,构建更加系统的多手段监测体系,以更准确地评估鱼类资源结构与禁渔政策实施效果。
Abstract：To explore the appropriate combination and application of traditional fishing gears in fishery resource monitoring, fishery resource survey was conducted at six sampling sites in the waters of Baima Lake, Jiangsu Province (E 119°2'—119°12', N 33°9'—33°19') in November 2024 using triple gill nets Ⅰ—Ⅴ and tandem inverted basket traps. The composition, catch efficiency, dominant species, catch diversity and similarity, body length distribution, and species accumulation curves of catches obtained by multifilament gill nets with different mesh sizes and trap nets were compared. The results showed that the species composition, catch efficiency, dominant species, species diversity, and body length distribution were found to be varied considerably among the six net types. The traps had relatively low catch efficiency but showed a clear selectivity for demersal species. The gill nets with increasing inner mesh size had gradual decrease in number of individuals and species, as well as the corresponding number per unit effort (NPUE) and species per unit effort (SPUE), with the elevated a verage body size of the captured fish, with the maximal catch per unit effort (CPUE) by the gill nets, gill net Ⅲ, and a wider body-length range captured fish by gill net Ⅴ, indicating that the gill net Ⅴ had better selectivity for medium- and large-sized species. Cluster analysis revealed that the six net types were divided into three groups at a similarity level of 57.08%, reflecting differences in catch assemblage structure. Considering both catching efficiency and coverage, the combined use of “trap net+gill net Ⅰ+gill net Ⅲ+gill net Ⅴ” was recommends as a reference gear set for fishery resource monitoring in shallow lakes. Increasing of the deployment of gill net Ⅴ was further suggested to enhance the detection of medium- and large-sized fish. Overall, traditional fishing gears remain indispensable for monitoring fishery resources in non-fishing zones, with their unique ability to capture species and size classes that may be under representation by emerging techniques. In the future, incorporating body-length structure analyses, hydroacoustic surveys, and statistical modeling will help establish a more comprehensive, multi-method monitoring framework, thereby improving the accuracy of resource assessments and evaluations of fishing-ban policy effectiveness.
罗思, 王少康, 葛超, 周俊杰, 金诗语. 两种传统渔具在资源监测中的渔获选择性与资源评估研究[J]. 水产科学, 2026, 45(5): 845-857.
LUO Si, WANG Shaokang, GE Chao, ZHOU Junjie, JIN Shiyu. Catch Selectivity and Resource Assessment by Two Traditional Fishing Gears in Fishery Resource Monitoring. Fisheries Science, 2026, 45(5): 845-857.
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2026, Vol. 45 
