Heavy Metal Concentrations and Relationship between the Heavy Metal Concentrations and Environmental Factors in the Seawater of Dagong Island Area
CAO Zhihai1, LI Zhixiang2,3, WANG Youyan4, LU Feng2, SUI Qi2, CUI Zhengguo2, QU Keming2, ZHAO Jun2, ZHANG Xuzhi2
1. Marine Management and Support Center of Qingdao, Qingdao 266001, China; 2. Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; 3. College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; 4. Shandong Pingce Academy of Environmental Science Research Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266109, China
Abstract：In order to investigate the distribution characteristics of heavy metals in a typical coastal environment and their correlation with environmental factors, temperature, salinity, pH, and concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO), nutrients, and heavy metals including copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As) were measured in surface (0.2 m below sea level) and bottom (1.5 m from the seabed) seawater samples at six sites in the Dagong Island area near the coast of the northern Yellow Sea in China during four surveys in May (spring), and October (autumn) in 2023, and May (spring), and August (summer) in 2024. Results showed that there were significant seasonal variations in temperature, salinity, pH, and DO concentration in both surface and bottom waters, with notable fluctuations in concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Hg, and As across seasons and water layers, and with consistent decreasing trend of Cu and Zn concentrations, and oscillatory variations of concentrations of Pb, Cd, and As, and relatively stable concentration of Hg. The peaks of most heavy metal concentrations were observed in spring and the minimal levels in summer, with higher concentrations in surface water than those in bottom waters. However, all heavy metal values were shown to be below the Class Ⅰ seawater quality standards. Pearson and Mantel tests revealed that salinity significantly influenced the heavy metal pollution index, while temperature and pH exhibited to some extent correlation with different heavy metals. The dynamic variations in heavy metal concentrations in the seawater of Dagong Island area and their associations with key environmental factors including salinity, DO, and eutrophication indices were elucidated in this study. These findings provide fundamental data for assessing the marine fishery environment and its trends in the North Yellow Sea coastal region.
曹志海, 李志祥, 王有艳, 卢峰, 隋琪, 崔正国, 曲克明, 赵俊, 张旭志. 大公岛海域水体重金属和砷含量水平及其环境关联[J]. 水产科学, 2026, 45(1): 1-13.
CAO Zhihai, LI Zhixiang, WANG Youyan, LU Feng, SUI Qi, CUI Zhengguo, QU Keming, ZHAO Jun, ZHANG Xuzhi. Heavy Metal Concentrations and Relationship between the Heavy Metal Concentrations and Environmental Factors in the Seawater of Dagong Island Area. Fisheries Science, 2026, 45(1): 1-13.
[1] GAO X L, ZHOU F X, CHEN C A. Pollution status of the Bohai Sea:an overview of the environmental quality assessment related trace metals[J]. Environment International,2014,62:12-30. [2] HU X P, SHI X Y, SU R G, et al. Spatiotemporal patterns and influencing factors of dissolved heavy metals off the Yangtze River Estuary, East China Sea[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2022,182:113975. [3] 许星鸿,姚海洋,孟霄,等.连云港附近海域海水、表层沉积物和水产品的重金属污染及生态风险评价[J].海洋湖沼通报,2019,41(5):110-116. [4] ZHENG S W, WANG R, KAINZ M J, et al. How phytoplankton biomass controls metal(loid) bioaccumulation in size-fractionated plankton in anthropogenic-impacted subtropical lakes:a comprehensive study in the Yangtze River Delta, China[J]. Water Research,2022,224:119075. [5] 孙铭阳,张旭志,夏斌,等.休渔期和捕捞作业期黄、渤海区沿海中心渔港表层海水重金属分布及生态风险评估[J].海洋环境科学,2022,41(6):857-864. [6] LIU R, JIANG W W, LI F J, et al. Occurrence, partition, and risk of seven heavy metals in sediments, seawater, and organisms from the eastern sea area of Shandong Peninsula, Yellow Sea, China[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2021,279:111771. [7] GAO W J, QU B X, YUAN H M, et al. Heavy metal mobility in contaminated sediments under seawater acidification[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2023,192:115062. [8] 庞国涛,李伟,杨源祯,等.广西防城港海域表层海水重金属和富营养化特征分析与评价[J].中国地质调查,2024,11(4):82-91. [9] 石伟杰,李欣阳,张勇,等.锰、铜、锌和铁离子对抑食金球藻生长的影响[J].水产科学,2019,38(3):347-354. [10] ZHANG M, CHEN G, LUO Z T, et al. Spatial distribution, source identification, and risk assessment of heavy metals in seawater and sediments from Meishan Bay, Zhejiang coast, China[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2020,156:111217. [11] BANKS J L, ROSS D J, KEOUGH M J, et al. Measuring hypoxia induced metal release from highly contaminated estuarine sediments during a 40 day laboratory incubation experiment[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2012,420:229-237. [12] LIU J J, DIAO Z H, XU X R, et al. Effects of dissolved oxygen, salinity, nitrogen and phosphorus on the release of heavy metals from coastal sediments[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2019,666:894-901. [13] 董汉英,苏娟,周声圳,等.南海西沙海域冬季海水重金属质量浓度水平及来源分析[J].热带海洋学报,2023,42(2):169-177. [14] XU J Y, ZHANG H, PU X M, et al. Salinity influence correction for zinc ion seawater quality criteria and ecological risk assessment in Chinese seas[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2024,949:174835. [15] LI X, WANG X H, YU J B, et al. Effect of water level and salinity on metal fractionation in sediments of the Yellow River Delta[J]. Wetlands,2020,40(6):2765-2774. [16] SONG J, DUAN L. The Yellow Sea [M]//SHEPPARD C. World Seas: An Environmental Evaluation. New York:Academic Press, 2019: 395-413. [17] TIAN K, WU Q M, LIU P, et al. Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments and water from the coastal areas of the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea[J]. Environment International,2020,136:105512. [18] 贺仕昌,蔚广鑫,王德鸿,等.七连屿海域表层海水及沉积物重金属环境质量评估[J].应用海洋学学报,2020,39(2):246-252. [19] LIN Y C, LU J, WU J. Heavy metals pollution and health risk assessment in farmed scallops:low level of Cd in coastal water could lead to high risk of seafood[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2021,208:111768. [20] KHIM J S, HONG S. Assessment of trace pollutants in Korean coastal sediments using the triad approach:a review[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2014,470/471:1450-1462. [21] LU C A, ZHANG J F, JIANG H M, et al. Assessment of soil contamination with Cd, Pb and Zn and source identification in the area around the Huludao Zinc Plant[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,182(1/2/3):743-748. [22] LU J, LI A C, HUANG P. Distribution, sources and contamination assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of the South Yellow Sea and northern part of the East China Sea[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2017,124(1):470-479. [23] WANG Y Z, CUI Z G, DING D S, et al. Environmental forcing of phytoplankton carbon-to-diversity ratio and carbon-to-chlorophyll ratio:a case study in Jiaozhou Bay, the Yellow Sea[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2023,197:115765. [24] 公金文,陈发荣,郑立,等.红海湾表层海水重金属含量与污染评价[J].海洋科学进展,2021,39(4):570-580. [25] 张绪振,褚宏宪,孔令号,等.莱州湾表层海水重金属分布特征及生态环境评价[J].海洋地质前沿,2024,40(11):25-34. [26] WANG J, CHEN S, XIA T. Environmental risk assessment of heavy metals in Bohai Sea, North China[J]. Procedia Environmental Sciences,2010,2:1632-1642. [27] 崔衍波,冯永亮,刘群群,等.东营市三个河口区域表层海水重金属的分布与生态风险评价[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2019,49(1):93-101. [28] GAO Q J,WANG N, XIANG L H, et al. Distribution and pollution assessment of heavy metals in seawater, surface sediments and marine organisms in Lianyungang offshore, China[J]. Regional Studies in Marine Science,2025,84:104111. [29] GAO L, WANG Z W, ZHU A P, et al. Quantitative source identification and risk assessment of trace elements in soils from Leizhou Peninsula, South China[J]. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment,2019,25(7):1832-1852. [30] XIE S R, JIANG W, SUN Y N, et al. Interannual variation and sources identification of heavy metals in seawater near shipping lanes: evidence from a coral record from the northern South China Sea[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2023,854:158755. [31] LIU S G, LOU S, KUANG C P, et al. Water quality assessment by pollution-index method in the coastal waters of Hebei Province in western Bohai Sea, China[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2011,62(10):2220-2229. [32] 国家环境保护局.海水水质标准:GB 3097—1997[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1997. [33] 王恩康,丰爱平,张志卫,等.兴化湾海域水体和表层沉积物中重金属分布及其源解析[J].海洋科学进展,2019,37(4):696-708. [34] 韩杰,许人骥,谢承志,等.混合金属离子Pb、Zn和Cu的相互作用对Cd在鲫体内积累的影响[J].水产科学,2009,28(12):792-794. [35] WANG C Y, LIANG S K, LI Y B, et al. The spatial distribution of dissolved and particulate heavy metals and their response to land-based inputs and tides in a semi-enclosed industrial embayment:Jiaozhou Bay, China[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22(14):10480-10495. [36] LUO W, LU Y L, WANG T Y, et al. Environmental concentrations and bioaccumulations of cadmium and zinc in coastal watersheds along the Chinese Northern Bohai and Yellow Seas[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2013,32(4):831-840. [37] 姜姗,李霞,李状状,等.铜、锌对泥鳅细胞DNA损伤及金属硫蛋白表达的影响[J].水产科学,2020,39(3):381-387. [38] 孙业皎,黄翠玲,隋琪,等.桑沟湾表层海水中重金属含量季节变化及污染分析[J].海洋环境科学,2021,40(5):752-759. [39] DANG P, GU X, LIN C Y, et al. Distribution, sources, and ecological risks of potentially toxic elements in the Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea: under the long-term impact of the Yellow River input[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2021,413:125429. [40] ZHU G H, ABU NOMAN M, NARALE D D, et al. Evaluation of ecosystem health and potential human health hazards in the Hangzhou Bay and Qiantang Estuary region through multiple assessment approaches[J]. Environmental Pollution,2020,264:114791. [41] LIU J H, CAO L, DOU S Z. Trophic transfer, biomagnification and risk assessments of four common heavy metals in the food web of Laizhou Bay, the Bohai Sea[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2019,670:508-522. [42] ZHANG Y, LU X Q, WANG N L, et al. Heavy metals in aquatic organisms of different trophic levels and their potential human health risk in Bohai Bay, China[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016,23(17):17801-17810. [43] WANG J, LIU R H, YU P, et al. Study on the pollution characteristics of heavy metals in seawater of Jinzhou Bay[J]. Procedia Environmental Sciences,2012,13:1507-1516. [44] 林红梅,王伟力,林彩,等.钦州湾及其邻近海域重金属的时空变化特征和影响因素[J].应用海洋学学报,2020,39(4):490-500. [45] WANG X Y, LIU L, ZHAO L L, et al. Assessment of dissolved heavy metals in the Laoshan Bay, China[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2019,149:110608. [46] WEI Y Q, SONG L, MA Y Q, et al. Implications of ocean warming and acidification on heavy metals in surface seawater of the Bohai Sea[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2024,477:135305. [47] 杨茜,杨庶,孙耀.黄海中部泥质区沉积物中重金属的长期变化及其背景值的校正[J].渔业科学进展,2019,40(1):20-26. [48] CHAN M W H, ALI HASAN K, BALTHAZAR-SILVA D, et al. Evaluation of heavy metal pollutants in salt and seawater under the influence of the Lyari River and potential health risk assessment[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2021,166:112215. [49] 张雯雯,丁敬坤,李加琦,等.菲律宾蛤仔对急性海水酸化和重金属(Cu和Cd)胁迫的生理响应[J].渔业科学进展,2021,42(5):97-104. [50] KARBASSI A, MAREFAT A. The impact of increased oxygen conditions on heavy metal flocculation in the Sefidrud estuary[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2017,121(1/2):168-175. [51] WANG Z, LUO P P, ZHA X B, et al. Overview assessment of risk evaluation and treatment technologies for heavy metal pollution of water and soil[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2022,379:134043. [52] 宋伦,周遵春,王年斌,等.辽宁省近岸海洋环境质量状况与趋势评价[J].水产科学,2007,26(11):613-618.
2026, Vol. 45 
