Abstract：In order to probe the impact mechanisms of shading effects in an emerging aquaculture approach integrating photovoltaic power generation with aquaculture production systems on pond micro-ecosystems, the characteristics of microbial community structures in pond water and sediment under a FPV system were investigated in 6.67 hm2 and water depth of 1.5 m ponds with polyculture of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella, crucian carp Carassius auratus, silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, and Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei with approximately 70% coverage and 2 years of farming practice in Lianyungang area using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology. The pond water quality was determined at 30-day intervals under aquaculture-solar integrated and conventional farming modes, and their responses to environmental factors. Results showed that water temperature was found to be reduced significantly by 0.69~0.86 ℃ in FPV systems (P<0.000 1) and total phosphorus concentrations to be increased by 86.7%~94.4% compared to conventional ponds, without significant differences in pH, and concentrations of dissolved oxygen, and ammonia nitrogen. Microbial community structures were shown to be reshaped significantly, with the relative abundance of harmful cyanobacteria Microcystis PCC-7914 decreased from 18.638% and 17.702% to 2.161% and 2.099% in surface and middle water layers, respectively. Functional bacterial groups such as Rhizobiaceae and sulfate-reducing bacteria were found to be significantly enriched, with significant increase in sediment microbial species richness (Sobs index) from 1865±289 to 2758±342 (P<0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that Microcystis PCC-7914 was highly significantly positively correlated with soluble reactive phosphorus (r=0.68), nitrate nitrogen (r=0.72), and ammonia nitrogen concentrations (r=0.65) (P<0.01), while most microbial groups showed negative correlations with dissolved oxygen. The finding indicated that FPV systems effectively inhibited harmful cyanobacterial growth, promoted functional bacterial enrichment, and enhanced sediment microbial diversity by modifying light and temperature conditions, which provides scientific evidence for ecological optimization and sustainable development in FPV aquaculture.
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