1. School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; 2. Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Wildlife Biotechnology and Conservation, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004,China
Abstract：In order to assess the genetic diversity of silver gudgeon Squalidus argentatus populations in the Qiantang River basin, the genetic diversity of 256 individuals of silver gudgeoncollected from 10 sampling sites in the Qiantang River basin was analyzed by the combined sequences of Cytb, COⅠ and D-loop mtDNA(mitochondrial DNA) genes. The results showed that the concatenated sequence length of the three genes was 1930 bp, characterized by significant AT bias consistent with typical mtDNA base composition in fish. A total of 121 haplotypes were identified across all samples, with the most prevalent. Haplotype diversity (Hd) Hap5 among the 10 populations ranged from 0.935 to 0.995, while nucleotide diversity (π) averaging between 0.002 27 and 0.004 47, indicating high haplotype diversity (Hd≥0.5), but low nucleotide diversity (π<0.005) indicated that silver gudgeon populations in the Qiantang River basin experienced a genetic bottleneck followed by rapid expansion. AMOVA results revealed that most genetic variations were found within populations, with only moderate genetic differentiation among the populations. The pelagic egg spawning strategy of silver gudgeon facilitates gene flow among populations while limiting genetic differentiation. Demographic analyses provided evidence of historical population expansion. Tajima′s D and Fu′s Fs tests indicated that the silver gudgeon in the Qiantang River basin underwent population expansion in history. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis resolved two major clades (Clade 1 and Clade 2), with Clade 2 representing the basal lineage. There was no significant phylogeographic structure, suggesting recent divergence without geographic isolation. The fining not only provides a representative case for understanding lineage divergence mechanisms under non-geographic isolation in freshwater fishes, but also offers a genetic basis for targeted conservation of river basin fish resources.
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2026, Vol. 45 
