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| Comparison of Genetic Diversity between Invasive and Native Populations of Icefish Neosalanx taihuensis |
| CAO Yining1,2, REN Jing3, WANG Dong1, ZHAI Dongdong1,2, LIU Hongyan1,2, XIONG Fei1,2, LIU Mingdian4, DUAN Xinbin4 |
1. Hubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, School of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China;
2. Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China;
3. Experimental Animal Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;
4. National Agricultural Science Observing and Experimental Station of Chongqing, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China |
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Abstract In order to elucidate the genetic diversity differences between the invasive range and the native range of icefish Neosalanx taihuensis,the sources of invasion, the pathways, and the processes involved in the invasive range were investigated using the mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene sequence as a molecular marker to analyze the genetic diversity and structure in 416 samples of icefish Neosalanx taihuensis from 6 native(Taihu Lake, Hongze Lake, Chaohu Lake, Bohu Lake, Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake) and 10 invasive locations(Chengdong Lake, Xujiahe Reservoir, Swan Island, Wushan, Shaonuping, Suijiang River, Qionghai Lake, Ertan Reservoir, Fuxian Lake and Erhai Lake). The results showed that the overall genetic diversity was found to be higher in the native locations (Hd: 0.777; Pi: 0.002 65) than that in the invasive locations (Hd: 0.661; Pi: 0.001 23), potentially due to the founder effect. However, the genetic diversity was shown to be higher in Suijiang and Wushan than that in the native locations, possibly due to multiple introductions in the invasive locations, which may have compensated for the decrease in genetic diversity caused by the founder effect. AMOVA revealed the majority of genetic differentiation among populations of the icefish, with a significant fixation index (Fst=0.435 56, P<0.05), indicating that there was significant genetic differentiation among populations of the icefish, and pairwise population genetic differentiation indices also confirmed this opinion point. UPGMA clustering analysis showed that the 10 invasive locations were clustered into one group with Chaohu Lake, Dongting Lake, and Hongze Lake, while Taihu Lake, Poyang Lake, and Poyang Lake formed another group, suggesting that the source populations for the invasive locations were Chaohu Lake, Dongting Lake, and Hongze Lake. It was found that the haplotype network exhibited a star-like distribution, indicating that the haplotypes of the icefish evolved from a few ancient haplotypes, with haplotype Hap3 showing an invasive advantage and found in many invasive locations. In summary, Neosalanx taihuensis exhibited a genetic pattern characterized by high haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity, which may be one of the intrinsic mechanisms for its widespread successful invasion. As multiple introductions can increase the genetic diversity of the Neosalanx taihuensis and have an ecological impact on the local environment, it is advisable to avoid such practices to prevent potential negative consequences. The finding provides fundamental data with the population management of Neosalanx taihuensis and also offers theoretical basis for the protection and sustainable development of the ecological environment in the invasive range.
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Received: 24 April 2025
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