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| Isolation of Active Compounds from Eugenia caryophy llata against Ichthyophthirius multi filiis in Vitro |
| YAO Jiayun,XU Yang,YUAN Xuemei,LIN Lingyun,YIN Wenlin,PAN Xiaoyi,HAO Guijie,SHEN Jinyu |
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Abstract Ichthyophthirius multif iliis is a holotrichous protozoan that invades the gills and skin surfaces of fish and can cause morbidity and high mortality in most species of freshwater fish worldwide .The pres‐ent study was undertaken to investigate the antiparasitic activity of crude extracts and pure compounds from Eugenia caryophyllata .The dried E .caryophyllata was extracted successively in a separating fun‐nel with petroleum ether ,ethyl acetate ,chloroform and methanol ,in w hich only the petroleum ether ex‐tract showed promising activity (100% effectiveness against I .multif iliis theronts and encysted tomonts at the concentration of 50 .0 mg/L and 80 .0 mg/L respectively ) and therefore ,was fractionated on silica gel column chromatography in a bioactivity‐guided isolation affording a compound showing potent activity . The structure of the compound was elucidated as clove oil by hydrogen and carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic reso‐nance spectrum and electron ionization mass spectrometry .The in vitro tests revealed that clove oil was found to be 100% effective against encysted tomonts at the concentration of 16 .0 mg/L . The results showed that clove oil has potent anti‐parasitic efficacy with the 15 min‐,1 h‐,2 h‐,3 h‐and 4 h‐LC50 (95%Confidence Intervals) of 6 .21 (5 .85—6 .65) mg/L ,3 .50 (3 .24—3 .84) mg/L ,2 .90 (2 .62—3 .22) mg/L , 2 .33 (2 .10—2 .50) mg/L and 2 .15 (1 .98—2 .32) mg/L against theronts of I .multi f iliis ,respectively . The findings provide important information for the potential application of clove oil in the therapy of seri‐ous infection caused by I .multi f iliis .
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Received: 25 June 2016
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