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| Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Coastal Surface Sediments in the Eastern Guangdong Province |
| WANG Jinpeng, LIU Xiaowei, ZHANG Wucai, TU Huawei, LAI Qiuyu, GUO Canbin, SUN Kexin, RONG Nan, ZHU Jialiang, REN Xiuwen |
1. South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou 510655, China;
2. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Guangzhou 510655, China |
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Abstract The contents and particle sizes of chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn), as well as total organic carbon (TOC) and particle size were determined in 16 undisturbed 0—2 cm surface sediments in Zhelin Bay, Shantou Bay, Guangao Bay and the waters outside the bay (E 116.61°—117.22°, N 23.15°—23.59°) in the eastern Guangdong Sea in September 2021 by conventional standard methods, and the spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals (including metalloid) were invested. The relationship between spatial distribution of heavy metals (including metalloid) and the controlled factors in the environment were analyzed by correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). The potential ecological risk levels of sediments were evaluated by combination of Geo-accumulation index and Hakanson's potential ecological risk index. The results showed that the contents of the heavy metals (including metalloid) in the surveyed area sediments were found to be 0.0120—0.0890 mg/kg for Hg, 6.9—15.6 mg/kg for As, 24.9—87.2 mg/kg for Cr, 5.4—44.6 mg/kg for Cu, 37—169 mg/kg for Zn, 0.05—0.32 mg/kg for Cd and 22.7—69.8 mg/kg for Pb. There were higher contents of heavy metals (including metalloid) were in the bay than those outside the bay. The correlation analysis revealed that there was significant correlations between contents of Hg, As, Cu, Zn, Pb and clay and sand (P<0.05), indicating that the distribution of heavy metals (including metalloid) was mainly controlled by sediment grain size. There was no significant correlation between heavy metals (including metalloid) and TOC, indicating that the distribution of heavy metals (including metalloid) was less affected by TOC. The Cu, Cr and Zn were relatively clustered in the distribution of PCA scores, indicating that they had the same or similar source(s). Overall, most of the sediments from the coast of eastern Guangdong Province met the Class Ⅰ sediment standard and were all below the Class Ⅱ standard limit, showing low to moderate ecological risk, with the heavy potential ecological risk in the bay, and low to medium outside the bay.
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Received: 17 June 2024
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