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| Effects of Temperature, Salinity, pH and Substrate on Burrowing Rate of Juvenile Japanese Geoduck Panopea japonica |
| XIAO Jiaxin1, LI Jiaxi2, GUO Jianbao1, LU Yanfeng1, CHEN Yingxu1, DING Jianfeng1, GAO Zhiying1, LIU Yang1, HUO Zhongming1 |
1. Engineering and Technology Research Center of Shellfish Breeding in Liaoning Province, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China;
2. College of Marine Science and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China |
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Abstract To understand the effects of environmental factors on the burrowing behavior of juvenile Japanese geoduck Panopea japonica, the Japanese geoduck with shell length of (2.00±0.05) mm was placed in a white tank of 30 cm× 20 cm×15 cm with water depth of 5 cm at water temperatures of 16 ℃, 18 ℃, 20 ℃, 22 ℃ or 24 ℃, salinity of 22, 25, 28, 31 or 34 adjusted by adding sea crystal and fresh water, pH of 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0 or 10.0 regulated by HCl and NaOH, and the bottom of the tank covered with 5 cm thick sea sediment with a particle size of (0.250±0.125) mm, and the ratio of sand: mud = all sand, 3∶1, 2∶1, 1∶1 or all mud. The differences in burrowing rate were observed under different temperature, salinity, pH and substrate conditions. The results showed that there was significantly lower burrowing rate at 16 ℃ and in 5 minutes than that in 10 minutes and 30 minutes (P<0.05); significantly higher at 22 ℃ and 24 ℃ and in 10 minutes than that in 10 minutes at 16 ℃ (P<0.05), and significantly lower in 30 minutes at 16 ℃ than that in 30 minutes at 18 ℃, 22 ℃, and 24 ℃ (P<0.05). The burrowing rate was shown to be significantly lower in 5 minutes under salinities of 22 and 25 than that in 10 minutes and 30 minutes under salinity of 25 and 28 (P<0.05); significantly lower in 5 minutes, 10 minutes, and 30 minutes than the corresponding values under other salinity conditions (P<0.05), and 100% at 30 minutes at a salinity of 28, significantly higher than 30 minutes at a salinity of 34 (P<0.05). Under pH 6, significantly higher burrowing rate was observed in 30 minutes than in 5 minutes (P<0.05); the descending order of burrowing rate in 5 minutes and 10 minutes under different pH conditions was described as pH 8>pH 9>pH 7>pH 6>pH 10, and pH 8, pH 9>pH 7>pH 6>pH 10 at 30 minutes. Under different substrates, the maximal burrowing rate was found at 5 minutes, 10 minutes, and 30 minutes in the all-sand group and the minimal in the all-mud group (P<0.05). Principal component analysis showed that salinity and the sand-to-mud ratio of the substrate were the main factors affecting the burrowing behavior of Japanese geoduck, with some extent impact for pH. Juvenile Japanese geoduck were most suitable for burrowing under salinity of 28－31, pH 8－9, water temperatures of 18－20 ℃, and substrates with a sediment particle size of 0.25 mm.
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Received: 28 July 2024
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