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| Acute Toxicity and Teratogenic Effects of Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid on Zebrafish Danio rerio Embryos |
| LIU Xiaonan1, WU Hao2,3, ZHENG Lili1, XU Jia1, GAO Xuezhong4, GAO Feifei4, JIANG Min1,2 |
1. College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
2. Shanghai Aquaculture Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
3. College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
4. Shanghai Fengxian District Fisheries Technology Promotion Station, Shanghai 201419, China |
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Abstract Persistent organic pollutant perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is regarded as a kind of newly found persistent organic pollutants due to its risk to the environment and public health. In order to verify the toxic effect of PFOS on fish embryos, the acute toxicity and teratogenicity of different concentrations of PFOS on zebrafish Danio rerio embryos was studied by static bioassay test. The results showed that PFOS was highly toxic to zebrafish embryos. The 24 h-LC50, 48 h-LC50, 72 h-LC50 and 96 h-LC50 of PFOS were 7.81 μg/mL, 6.58 μg/mL, 3.44 μg/mL and 2.67 μg/mL, respectively, with safe concentration of 0.27 μg/mL. The hatching rate of zebrafish embryos was decreased in accordance with the increasing concentration of PFOS, while the mortality and heart beating rate were increased on the contrary. Under the PFOS stress, zebrafish embryos showed different abnormality in different stages of development. In the blastula stage (2.7—6.0 h), egg coagulation and less obvious yolk cell bulge were observed. At gastrula stage (6.6—10.6 h), following phenomena were found including yolk bulges outward, gastrointestinal protruding outwards and egg coagulation. Tail malformation and yolk sac abnormality of embryos occurred during segmentation period (12.1—23.8 h). During the pharyngeal period (23.8—52.1 h), the embryos also showed abnormalities such as the myocardial enlargement, unstable heart beating rate, slowed posterior venous blood flow, curvature of spine and tail, and reduction in pigmentation. During the hatching period (54—80 h), the larvae showed obvious tail, atrophy and zigzag, with reduced pigment deposition, spinal curvature, and pericardial cavity swelling. When the concentration of PFOS was 1.00—1.58 μg/mL, its teratogenic effect was relatively weak. When the PFOS concentration was 2.51—10.00 μg/mL, PFOS induced obvious abnormal phenomenon during the embryo development. The findings may provide the reference to toxicological mechanisms of PFOS to fish embryos.
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Received: 06 March 2021
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