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  • 月刊，1984年创刊
    主 管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
    主 办：包头医学院
    主 编：赵云山
    特邀主编：高长青
    编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
    国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
    国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
    邮发代号：16-292
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2022 Vol. 41, No. 6
Published: 2022-11-25
Research and Application
Overview and Specific Topic
 
       Research and Application
915 Uncertainties of Parameters Associated with Stock Assessment for Chub Mackerel Pneumatophorus japonicus Based on JABBA
TIAN Zhipan, MA Qiuyun, ZHANG Yunfei, TIAN Siquan
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21043
To better understand the current stock status and to keep sustainable development of fishery, it is essential to conduct scientific fishery stock assessment for chub mackerel Pneumatophorus japonicus. Based on the catch and effort data of the China Fishery Statistical Yearbook from 1979 to 2019, we conducted the stock assessment for chub mackerel and explored the effects of uncertainties of input data and model parameters via sensitivity analysis in Bayesian state-space production model(Just Another Bayesian Biomass Model, JABBA). The results showed that the maximum sustainable yield is 4 650 000 t, current stock has an 83% probability being in a healthy status, and neither overfishing nor overfished is happening (B2019/BMSY =1.160, F2019/FMSY =0.773). Results of sensitivity analysis indicate that the prior distribution of the intrinsic growth rate and the initial depletion level basically do not affect stock assessment results. When the catchability coefficient maintains a constant annual increase, stock status estimate could worsen, changing from healthy to overfishing. The mis-report of catch does not affect stock status estimate, and including the number of fishermen in effort data could obtain more reasonable stock assessment results. In the process of conservation and management for chub mackerel in the coastal waters of China, it is essential to focus on the quality of catch data and the selection of effort data to improve the accuracy of stock assessment results and to reduce uncertainty.
2022 Vol. 41 (6): 915-926 [Abstract] ( 240 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2077 KB)  ( 355 )
927 Screening, Identification and Biological Characteristics of Two Antagonistic Bacteria Against Aquaculture Aeromonas Pathogens
LONG Meng, FAN Huimin, JIANG Yao, XIA Hongli, CHENG Jun, YU Dapeng, XIA Liqun, LU Yishan
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21011
Aeromonas is an important pathogen of aquaculture, and there are still no effective treatments to prevent the infections caused by various Aeromonas. Mangrove sediments possess abundant Bacillus, becoming important reservoirs of bioactive microorganisms. In this study, we isolated two strains from mangrove sediments in Dongchong, Shenzhen, which displayed strong antagonistic activity against six pathogenic Aeromonas species. Based on the analysis of morphological properties, biochemical characteristics and molecular genetics, the two strains named AH10 and AQ1 were identified as B. amyloliquefaciens and B. velezensis respectively. The biological characteristics of the two strains showed similar optimum conditions of 32 ℃, pH of 5—7 and salinity of 0—20 for growth. The results of antibiotics sensitivity test showed that the two strains were highly sensitive to most of the antibiotics, except tetracycline and low dose streptomycin. Besides the six pathogenic Aeromonas, the antagonistic results revealed that the two strains also had antagonistic activities against Edwardsiella, and Plesiomonas shigelloides, in which B. amyloliquefaciens AH10 and B. velezensis AQ1 showed the strongest effect against P. shigelloides and A. salmonicida respectively. The two strains also showed no pathogenic capacity to zebrafish Danio rerio and silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. In conclusion, new antagonistic resources for the biological control of pathogenic Aeromonas in aquaculture is reported, providing good application prospects and research potential in the future.
2022 Vol. 41 (6): 927-937 [Abstract] ( 184 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4238 KB)  ( 187 )
938 Nutritional Evaluation and Histological Analysis of Skin in Six Species of Sturgeon
CHEN Zefan,LIU Tianhong,HAN Guixin,GAO Ruichang,WANG Ying,    XU Peng,BAI Fan,WANG Jinlin,ZHAO Yuanhui
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21074
The proximate nutrients, mineral content, amino acid and fatty composition, and histological characteristics of skins of six common sturgeon species were measured, including Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii, Russian sturgeon A. gueldenstaedti, kaluga sturgeon Huso dauricus, beluga H. huso, large hybrid sturgeon (H. dauricus♀× A. schrenckii ♂), and small hybrid sturgeon (A. baerii♀× A.schrenckii♂), to compare and evaluate the similarities and differences in their nutritional composition and histological characteristics. The results showed that the skins of the six species of sturgeon were rich in collagen (21.85%—30.47%), types of fatty acids and mineral elements, and the proportion of flavored amino acids was as high as 52.19%—53.04%. Specifically, the highest content of crude protein (37.21%) was found in beluga; kaluga sturgeon had the highest content of unsaturated fatty acid (27 287.63 μg/g)and proportion of flavored amino acids (53.04%); Russian sturgeon was rich in mineral elements, among which the calcium content (18 101.08 mg/kg) was the highest. Furthermore, the results of histological analysis indicated that the collagen fiber bundles of kaluga sturgeon, beluge, and large hybrid sturgeon were tight and thick, while that of Siberian sturgeon, Russian sturgeon and small hybrid sturgeon were small and loose. Overall, this study analyzed the nutrient composition of six different sturgeon skins commonly used in production to better understand their similarities and differences, thereby providing a theoretical background and desirable prospects for promoting the high-value utilization of sturgeon skins.
2022 Vol. 41 (6): 938-948 [Abstract] ( 272 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3534 KB)  ( 157 )
949 Genetic Differentiation of Shortjaw Tapertail Anchovy Coilia brachygnathus Population Based on Cytb and Morphology
WANG Weixin, LI Yu, ZHU Honggeng, ZHANG Wanru, FENG Guangpeng, CHEN Jianhua
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20298
To investigate the population genetic differentiation of shortjaw tapertail anchovy Coilia brachygnathus in Poyang Lake and Hongze Lake, the genetic diversity of shortjaw tapertail anchovy populations in Duchang (DC) and Ruihong (RH) waters of Poyang Lake, and Gaoliangjian (GLJ) and Linhuai (LH) waters of Hongze Lake was studied by using morphometry and mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cytb) sequences. Clustering analysis of 26 trait parameters showed that DC population and RH population first clustered into one branch, and then clustered with LH population and GLJ population. The total contribution rate of the first three principal components in principal component analysis was 65.12%. The results of discriminant analysis showed that the discriminant accuracy of DC, RH, GLJ and LH populations were 91.40%, 80.00%, 84.60% and 82.50%, respectively. The above morphological analysis showed that the morphological differences of populations in the same lake area were small, but there were great morphological differences among different lakes. Genetic analysis of Cytb sequence showed that there were 33 haplotypes in 60 sequences, with total gene polymorphism (Hd) of 0.957±0.013, and the total nucleotide polymorphism (Pi) of 0.00462±0.00047. The genetic differentiation index (Fst) of the four populations was 0.00362—0.60873, and the gene flow was 0.16069—68.81077. The results of neutral test showed that the D and FS values of the four populations were negative. The phylogenetic trees constructed by haplotype distribution and genetic distance were divided into two branches: Poyang Lake and Hongze Lake. The findings indicated that there was significant genetic differentiation in the population of shortjaw tapertail anchovy between the two lakes.
2022 Vol. 41 (6): 949-958 [Abstract] ( 117 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1453 KB)  ( 119 )
959 Effects of Chlorella Growth Factor (CGF) on Growth Performance and Nutrition Composition of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
HAN Chaojie, CHEN Yiyang, HE Zhennan, ZHANG Yanjun, ZHOU Wenli, DENG Yutong, JIA XuyingTianjin
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21020
To explore the influence of Chlorella growth factors (CGF) added feed on the prawn growth performance, and body nutrient composition, the juvenile Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were fed diets containing 0%, 0.5%, 5.0%, 10.0%, and 15.0% of CGF, respectively. After 45 d feeding trial, the growth performance, and body and nutrient composition were measured. The results showed that dietary supplementation of CGF led to improve the survival rate, weight gain rate and specific growth rate of the shrimp, and to reduce the feed conversion ratio. The supplementation of CGF in the diet resulted in decrease in the water content of the shrimp, increase in the crude protein content of the shrimp, and decrease in the proportions of water, ether extract and ash. Among all experiment groups, the water, ether extract and ash proportion level in 1% group were all at the lowest, with the maximal crude protein. Dietary supplementation of 10.0%—15.0% CGF significantly led to increase in the contents of total fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Dietary CGF supplementation increased the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids while decreased the proportion of saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids, and the proportion of saturated fatty acids in 1.0% group was the lowest. Dietary supplementation with different proportions of CGF (except 10.0% treatment group) significantly increased the total amino acid content and essential amino acid content in muscle (P<0.05). Dietary CGF supplementation resulted in improvement of the survival rate and growth performance of Pacific white shrimp, decreas in the proportion of water, fat and ash, and increase in the proportion of protein, with the optimal adding proportion of 1.0%.
2022 Vol. 41 (6): 959-966 [Abstract] ( 190 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1232 KB)  ( 277 )
967 Comparison of Artificial Breeding and Farming of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas in Beibu Gulf and Laizhou Bay
CHU Hongyong, ZHANG Lan, ZHAO Qiang, CHEN Xiangtang, WANG Xiaofei, ZHANG Jianbai
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21213
In this study, the artificial breeding of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas was carried out in Beibu Gulf, Guangxi, and Laizhou Bay, Shandong, respectively, and the hatchery performance of the same batch of broodstock were compared in both sites, as well as the grow-out traits of their offsprings. The artificial breeding of Pacific oyster was carried out simultaneously in Beibu Gulf and Laizhou Bay from March to September 2018, and the oyster grow-out research was deployed from October 2018 to December 2019. It was found that the fertilization rates were (95.62±2.09)% and (94.07±0.65)% (P>0.05), the hatching rates (88.83±1.40)% and (91.69±2.49)% (P>0.05), and the metamorphosis rates (18.95±2.36)% and (11.65±2.45)% (P<0.05) in Laizhou Bay and Beibu Gulf, respectively, indicating that the performance of artificial breeding of Pacific oyster in Beibu Gulf by using natural seawater, with the lower efficiency of breeding in Beibu Gull than that in Laizhou Bay. The growth rate of Pacific oyster larvae was significantly higher in Beibu Gulf than that in Laizhou Bay (P<0.05), while the mortality rate in Laizhou Bay was significantly lower than that in Beibu Gulf (P<0.05). The grow-out experiment showed that both two kinds of seeds had high mortality during cultivation in Beibu Gulf, that grow-out well in the Yellow Sea farms (P>0.05), indicating that the transplanting of Pacific oyster in the north and south China is viable. To take the advantage of the higher water temperature in south China carrying out artificial breeding of Pacific oyster, and transplanting them in north China, could help reduce the cost of Pacific oyster breeding and improve the profit of Pacific oyster farming.
2022 Vol. 41 (6): 967-975 [Abstract] ( 135 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1474 KB)  ( 279 )
976 Effect of Vibrio anguillarum and Edwardsiella tarda on Liver Microbial Communities of Octopus Octopus ocellatus
ZHU Xinghua, WANG Jinlong, YUAN Tingzhu, FENG Yanwei, LI Zan, XU Xiaohui, WANG Weijun, SUN Guohua, YANG Jianmin
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20223
Microbial community plays an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of host physiological and life activities. Octopus Octopus ocellatus is one of the most economically important species in the coastal fisheries of northern China. Up to now, there are few reports on the structure and function of the liver flora of the octopus. Samples of the octopus were collected from the sea area near Yantai. Liver tissues of control group, E. tarda injection group and V. anguillarum injection group were collected. After DNA extraction, 16S rRNA gene amplicons were sequenced, and the bacterial community structure was analyzed and compared based on bioinformatics method. The function of bacterial community was predicted by PICRUSt software. A total of 217 287 effective sequences were obtained from samples in the three groups. After homogenization, 373 OTUs were shared by E. tarda injection group and control group, 166 OTUs were shared by V. anguillarum injection group and control group. Alpha index showed that the diversity of microbial community in liver of control group was the highest, while that of V. anguillarum injection group was the lowest. At the phylum level, the dominant flora in control group was Proteobacteria (46.2%), Bacteroidetes (13.32%), Tenerictes (9.03%), Firmicutes (7.9%), Acidobacteria (5.76%), and so on. Proteobacteria (43.33%), Tenerictes (31.33%), Firmicutes (16.5%) and Actinobacteria (2.59%) were the core microflora in E. tarda injection group, and the proportion of core microflora in V. anguillarum injection group was 95.95%. At the genus level, the core bacteria in control group were Mycoplasma (9.01%), Brevundimonas (5.74%), Gp4 (5.16%), Pseudomonas (4.26%),Limnobacter (2.29%), Methylobacterium (1.73%) and Clostridium (1.07%); the four genera with the highest abundance in E. tarda injection group were Mycoplasma (31.28%), Lactococcus (9.49%), Enterobacter (6.07%) and Brevundimonas (4.26%). The highest abundance in V. anguillarum injection group was Mycoplasma. The thermogram showed that control group and E. tarda injection group clustered into one branch, and V. anguillarum injection group clustered into a single branch. The results of PICRUSt prediction showed that the main function of liver microflora in the octopus was related to metabolic function, and the functional abundance of metabolism and cell pathway decreased after injection. The liver microflora of the octopus had a certain stable structure, which maintained the normal immune and metabolic activities of the octopus. The diversity and abundance of liver microflora changed significantly after V. anguillarum injection, which indicated that V. anguillarum had great influence on the liver flora of the octopus. The findings will provide basic data for accurate diagnosis and control of bacterial diseases in the octopus culture.
2022 Vol. 41 (6): 976-984 [Abstract] ( 123 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (9427 KB)  ( 54 )
985 Sequence, Function and Expression of CCNC Gene in Ridgetail White Prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda
DAI Qin, GAO Wei, SHI Tingting, CHEN Shuhan, WANG Panpan, LAI Xiaofang, GAO Huan, YAN Binlun
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21014
Ridgetail white prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda is an economically important shrimp species along the coast of China. Cyclin C (CCNC) as a member of the cyclin family plays an important role in cell cycle regulation and transcription regulation. In order to study the biological function of CCNC in ovarian and larval development of ridgetail white prawn, the cDNA sequence of EcCCNC gene was obtained using rapid amplification of cDNA ends method (RACE). The relative expression levels of EcCCNC gene were analyzed in different tissues and at different stages of ovarian and larval development by qRT-PCR. Recombinant protein was obtained by prokaryotic expression. The results showed that the full-length cDNA sequence of EcCCNC was 1042 bp, which contained a 5′-UTR of 82 bp, a 3′-UTR of 156 bp, and a 804 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 267 amino acids. The predicted molecular weight of the protein was 31.34kDa, and the theoretical isoelectric point was 5.50. Cluster analysis showed that EcCCNC and CCNC in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were clustered. The amino acid sequence also had the highest homology with Pacific white shrimp (92%). EcCCNC had the highest relative expression levels in the ovary, especially the ovarian stage Ⅲ and the larval stage Ⅱ (P<0.05). The recombinant protein of EcCCNC was 45 ku and had a His tag. The findings indicate that EcCCNC may play an important role in the development of ovary and larva of ridgetail white prawn, which provides a theoretical basis for further understanding of the mechanism of shrimp ovarian and larval development.
2022 Vol. 41 (6): 985-991 [Abstract] ( 133 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1800 KB)  ( 247 )
992 Preparation and Nutrient Composition of Slow-Release Shellfish Compound Feed
DAI Wei, TANG Huang, LU Zhengyi, DONG Shaojie, SONG Lun, BI Xiangdong
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20259
In recent years, natural microalgae shortage occurs frequently in the shellfish culture area for the expansion of shellfish culture scale. To solve the problem of insufficient supply of natural microalgae using artificial feeding in an emergency, slow-release shellfish compound feed was prepared using crushing method. The preparation conditions of slow-release shellfish compound feed were optimized by L9(34) orthogonal test, and the slow-release property and nutrient composition were analyzed. The results showed that the optimal preparation was observed under conditions of the weight ratio of compound algal powder, sodium alginate and 2% calcium chloride solution =25∶5∶1.25, and the press strength of 87.5 kg/cm2. The average daily release of the feed prepared under the optimal conditions in 60 mesh bags was 1.93 g/d(dry weight), which could meet the requirement of artificial feeding at the flow rate of 17 cm/s. The slow-release shellfish compound feed was rich in 10 kinds of essential amino acids for aquatic animals, and the essential amino acid content accounted for 42.65% of the total amino acid content. The slow-release shellfish compound feed contained 6 kinds of unsaturated fatty acids, and the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids in crude lipid was 29.92%. According to the results of slow-release property and nutrient composition analysis, the slow-release compound feed is suitable for the artificial feeding of filter-feeding shellfish in natural sea area.
2022 Vol. 41 (6): 992-998 [Abstract] ( 144 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1047 KB)  ( 123 )
999 Effects of Microcystis aeruginosa on Reproduction and Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes of Water Fleas Moina mongolica
XING Hao, CHEN Taoying, DUAN Yuanliang, GAO Xiaofeng, LIU Wei, ZHONG Yiyun, ZHANG Jianlin, CHANG Jianan, SUN Bin, HE Peimin
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21004
With the eutrophication of water bodies and global warming, microcystis blooms often occur in low-salinity enclosed sea areas. In order to explore the important effects of the toxicity of Microcystis aeruginosa in low-salinity enclosed seas on the reproduction and antioxidant enzymes of saltwater cladocerans, the toxic M. aeruginosa with a salt tolerance of 8 was cultivated under indoor conditions at different development stages. Density of toxic M. aeruginosa [4 toxic M. aeruginosa treatment groups, 1 control group (Chlorella sp.), and 1 fasting group], mixed foods of different combinations (set 4 groups and 1 control group, with an alga density of 1×105 ind./mL) on the growth and reproduction of water fleas Moina mongolica, and the effects of different food conditions on the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in M.mongolica.The results showed that under different alga density conditions, M. mongolica had significant reduce in lifespan as the density of toxic M. aeruginosa increased, and there was no reproduction in the toxic M. aeruginosa treatment group. Under the condition of mixed food (Chlorella sp. + toxic M. aeruginosa), the greater the proportion of toxic M. aeruginosa, the lower the net reproductive rate of M. mongolica, the shorter the generation time; in the 96-hour enzyme activity test, compared with the Chlorella sp. group, the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities of M. mongolica exposed to the toxic M. aeruginosa was significantly decreased over time. Therefore, it was found that the toxic M. aeruginosa significantly inhibited the life history characteristics of M. mongolica. Under the two food conditions, the addition of Chlorella sp. can alleviate the toxic effect of M. aeruginosa on M. mongolica. At the same time, the toxicity of M. aeruginosa also significantly affected the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities of M. mongolica.
2022 Vol. 41 (6): 999-1006 [Abstract] ( 122 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1501 KB)  ( 143 )
1007 Application of Environmental DNA in Monitoring of Fish Resources in Shaobo Lake
TANG Shengkai, LIU Yanshan, WANG Hua, LI Daming, ZHANG Tongqing, SUN Jingying, XU Fei, WANG Zhihao
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20279
Environmental DNA technology has been used in aquatic organisms monitoring in China, but rarely in lake fish monitoring. In order to explore the environmental DNA detection method suitable for fishes in shallow lakes, and to determine the composition of fish species in Shaobo Lake, water samples were collected synchronously at 15 sampling sites in November 2018, and fish species were detected by environmental DNA using mitochondrial DNA 12S rRNA and COⅠ primers. Compared with the two primers, the 12S rRNA primer was significantly better than the COⅠ primer for fish detection. The results showed that a total of 50 427 fish DNA sequences were detected by 12S rRNA primers, and that 71 fish operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were found by sequence alignment. However, only 990 fish DNA sequences were detected by COⅠ primers, and 16 fish OTUs were aligned. A total of 40 fish species (belonging to 6 orders and 12 families) were identified by eDNA metabarcoding, of which 36 species and 4 species were annotated as species and genus. The number of fish species detected at each site was ranged from 10 to 32, and common carp Cyprinus carpio, crucian carp Carassius auratus, Tanakia himantegus, bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis and Acheilognathus chankaensis had more sequences detected in these sites. Microphysogobio fukiensis and mullet Mugilogobius myxodermus were detected by environmental DNA in this study. Comparing with historical recorded based on morphological classification, the two species were first recorded in Shaobo Lake. The finding indicates that environmental DNA technology is characterized by high accuracy and sensitivity, without interference to the ecological environment. The technology is suitable for monitoring fish communities in shallow lakes.
2022 Vol. 41 (6): 1007-1016 [Abstract] ( 149 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4057 KB)  ( 451 )
1017 Oxidative Damage of Microcystins to Hepatopancreas of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
HUANG Lanying, ZHANG Dajuan, ZHANG Shulin, BI Xiangdong, DAI Wei
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21010
Under the conditions of water temperature of (22±1) ℃, pH 8.0—8.5 and dissolved oxygen level of 7—8 mg/L, 20 μL of microcystins with the concentration of 3.52×10-4 mmol/kg was injected into Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei with body weight of (16.0±1.0) g. The mortality of Pacific white shrimp was measured at 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48 and 72 hours after injection, and hepatopancreas tissues were taken at the same time. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the changes in malondialdehyde (MDA) content were detected to study the effects of microcystins on the hepatopancreas of Pacific white shrimp. The results showed that the 72 h mortality rate was 13.33% in Pacific white shrimp after injection of microcystins. The content of malondialdehyde in hepatopancreas of Pacific white shrimp was increased gradually after injection of microcystins, which was significantly higher than that in the control group after 8 h, and reached the maximum value of (4.02±0.02) nmol/mg at 72 h (P<0.05). The activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px all showed a trend of increasing at first and then decreasing within 72 h, with the maximum at 2,4 and 8 h, respectively. Then the activity was gradually decreased, which was lower than that in the control group after 16 h, with the minimal value at 72 h. The findings indicated that microcystins gradually enhanced the lipid peroxidation in the hepatopancreas of Pacific white shrimp, inhibited the activities of antioxidant-related enzymes in Pacific white shrimp, and caused oxidative stress, causing severe oxidative damage to the hepatopancreas within 72 hours.
2022 Vol. 41 (6): 1017-1022 [Abstract] ( 110 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1241 KB)  ( 253 )
1023 Comparative Growth of Juvenile Sturgeon Hybrid Acipenser baerii ♀× A. schrenckii ♂ under Different Water Velocities
HU Jia, LI Yanhua, WANG Lu, XIAN Daqiang, YANG Xiuping, SHUANG Changhe
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21028
Considering the optimization of culture environment, the effect of water velocity on the growth of fish remains to be further explored. The effects of different water velocities on the growth of juvenile Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii♀×Amur sturgeon A. schrenckii♂ were investigated, including five levels of water velocities (1 body length/s, 2 body length/s, 3 body length/s, 4 body length/s, and 6 body length/s) and control group(0 body length /s) along the walls in a round fiberglass bowl respectively, which were correspond to 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 0 (control group) times of body length. After 77 days of cultivation, the best final body weight, final body length, net weight gain, daily weight gain, specific growth rate and growth efficiency were found at the water velocity of 3 body length/s (P>0.05), the feed conversion efficiency was the minimum at the water velocity of 3 body length/s. There is a certain correlation between the growth indices and the flow velocity. Appropriate flow velocity stimulated the growth of fish and feed conversion. Too high or too low flow velocity was not conducive to the growth and feed conversion of the juvenile sturgeon.The findings can be used as a reference with water velocity setting in culture of juvenile sturgeon hybrid A. baerii♀×A. schrenckii♂, so as to guide the production to improve the growth efficiency and to reduce the cost.
2022 Vol. 41 (6): 1023-1028 [Abstract] ( 155 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1159 KB)  ( 350 )
1029 Acute Toxicity of Pb, Cd, Cr, and Zn Heavy Metal Salts to Echiuran Worm Urechis unicinctus
XU Xinghong, LIU Tonghao, ZHU Xiaoying, DING Ziyuan, LIU Shun, WANG Songlin, XU Guocheng
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19057
The echiuran worm Urechis unicinctus with body weight of (21.2±4.2) g in a 50 cm × 60 cm × 60 cm plastic box were exposed to various concentrations of four heavy metal salts Pb(NO3)2(0, 1.00, 2.66, 7.08, 18.84, and 50.12 mg/L), CdCl2(0,10.0, 27.5, 45.0, 62.5 and 80.0 mg/L), K2Cr2O7(0, 20, 65, 110, 165 and 200 mg/L) and ZnSO4(0,10,20,30,40,50,60 and 70 mg/L) at water temperature of (15±1) ℃ and a salinity of 25 by acute toxicity experiment method to probe into acute toxicities of various concentrations of the four heavy metal salts to the echiuran worm. The LC50 of Pb(NO3)2 was shown to be 23.396 mg/L in 48 h, 7.505 mg/L in 72 h, and 2.177 mg/L in 96 h, with safe concentration of 0.2177 mg/L. The LC50 of CdCl2 was found to be 68.748 mg/L in 48 h, 34.512 mg/L in 72 h, and 18.189 mg/L in 96 h, with safe concentration of 1.8189 mg/L. The LC50 of K2Cr2O7 was 139.005 mg/L in 48 h, 50.691 mg/L in 72 h, and 24.035 mg/L in 96 h, with safe concentration of 2.4962 mg/L. The LC50 of ZnSO4 was 40.978 mg/L in 48 h, 24.962 mg/L in 72 h, and 13.131 mg/L in 96 h, with safe concentration of 1.3131 mg/L. The descending order of toxicity of different heavy metal salts was expressed as follows: Pb(NO3)2> ZnSO4>CdCl2 >K2Cr2O7.
2022 Vol. 41 (6): 1029-1035 [Abstract] ( 103 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1062 KB)  ( 141 )
1036 Variation Characteristics of Pelagic Crustaceans Community in Main Rivers of Yuyao City from 2018 to 2019
YANG Jieqing, LIN Xirong, OUYANG Longling, CHEN Yuange, TANG Fenghua, MAO Shujie, WANG Yunlong, SHI Yunrong
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21012
In order to further explore the variation characteristics of pelagic crustaceans community in main rivers of Yuyao city, the variations in species composition, dominant species, density and biomass were analyzed, based on the pelagic crustaceans survey data in February (winter), May (spring), August (summer) and November (autumn) of 2018 and 2019. Dominance curve analysis method was used to analyze the species numbers and its cumulative percentage of total pelagic crustaceans abundance. Analysis of similarity method(ANOSIM)was used to analyze the annual, seasonal and spatial differences in pelagic crustaceans community structure. Results showed that a total of 67 species, belonging to 39 genera, including 35 species of copepod and 32 species of cladocera, were identified in 2018. A total of 46 species, belonging to 26 genera, including 25 species of copepod and 21 species of cladocera, were identified in 2019. In 2018, the species composition, copepod numbers and cladocera numbers were higher than 2019. In 2018 and 2019, the density and biomass of spring ranked the first, autumn ranked the second, summer ranked the third, and winter ranked the last. The replacement rate of dominant species was about 78.26%. There was very significat difference in annual variation of pelagic crustaceans community at the level of 0.01. In 2018 and 2019, there was no significant difference in the annual variation of pelagic crustaceans community in summer at the level of 0.05, and the same in spatial. In 2019, the pelagic crustaceans community was featured by single species, and the environment of water quality tended to be eutrophication compared with 2018.
2022 Vol. 41 (6): 1036-1044 [Abstract] ( 104 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1865 KB)  ( 201 )
1045 Analysis of Nutritional Compositions in Muscle of Wild Sword Prawn Metapenaeus ensis with Different Sizes
JI Dewei, YAN Maocang, HU Lihua, CHEN Chen, ZHANG Min
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21050
In this study, in order to understand the nutrient composition in muscle of wild sword prawn Metapenaeus ensis from Raoping sea area, the nutrient contents, amino acid and fatty acid composition were determined and comparatively analyzed among different sizes of sword prawn [large size (29.45±3.85) g, middle size (8.01±1.11) g and small size (3.06±0.41) g]. The results showed that the contents of water and crude fat were negative correlated with body weight; while the content of crude protein, branched-chain amino acids/aromatic amino acids ratio and coefficient of variation were positively correlated with body weight (P＜0.05). The essential amino acid score was highest in middle size group (73.70) (P＜0.05); DHA, C20:4(n-6) and EPA were the most abundant among 23 fatty acids, the content of C20:4(n-6) was highest in large size group while the contents of EPA and DHA were lowest in this group (P＜0.05), and the index of thrombogenicity was highest in large size group. The crude protein content was relatively high in sword prawn and the percentage of shrimp flavor amino acids was extremely high. The ratio of branched-chain amino acid to aromatic amino acid which indicated health care effect was high. The essential amino acid score was relatively high while the component was not in balance, the percentages of essential amino acids and delicious amino acids were relatively lower. The content of crude fatty was moderate, the DHA, C20:4(n-6) and EPA which are good for reducing blood lipid and inhibiting thrombosis were significantly higher in sword prawn than in other species of shrimp, index of atherogenicity and index of thrombogenicity were relatively low and the fatty acid evaluation was high.
2022 Vol. 41 (6): 1045-1051 [Abstract] ( 157 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1080 KB)  ( 144 )
1052 Chromosome Preparation and Karyotype Analysis of Clam Moerella iridescens
FENG Senlei, REN Guoliang, GAN Shusheng, LIANG Xiafei, DUAN Haibao, GE Hongxing, DONG Zhiguo
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21037
The clam Moerella iridescens is an economically important shellfish in China.However, there are few reports on the genetic relationship and germplasm resources of the clam. To explore the cytogenetic characteristics of the clam, accurate genetic and number of chromosomes and its karyotype composition of the clam were investigated. At present, due to the unknown chromosome karyotype of M. iridescens, we prepared gill tissue of M. iridescens as research materials. After treatment with colchicine, and low permeability KCl solution the cell suspension was obtained by dissociation and was fixed by methanol and acetic acid solution. The length and the arm ratio of chromosomes were measured and calculated with Nikon NIS-Elements BR 3.1 software, and the karyotype was arranged with Photoshop software. The ideal chromosome slides were obtained by using the hot drop method. The result showed that the clam had chromosome number of 2n=36, and the 18 pairs of chromosomes were divided into 3 types including 4 pairs of metacentric chromosomes(m), 8 pairs of submetacentric chromosome(sm) and 6 pairs of subtelocentric chromosome(st). On the basis of the above experiments, the well dispersed visual field of chromosome was measured by microphotography, and karyotype was analyzed. It was found that the karyotype was 2n=8m+16sm+12st, NF=72, and no heterosome and satellite chromosome were found. The finding provides a useful reference material for understanding of the genetic relationship, an effective method to research bivalve system evolution, and necessary information for further resource protection.
2022 Vol. 41 (6): 1052-1056 [Abstract] ( 115 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1450 KB)  ( 140 )
1057 Analysis and Evaluation of Nutritive Composition in Muscle of Snail Umbonium thomasi
HU Qingbiao, LI Xiaodong, LI Yingdong, LIU Xu, SUN Na
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20297
Snail Umbonium thomasi, a common small snail in northern China, has high economic value. However, its nutritional composition is unclear currently. The nutrients, amino acids and fatty acids of the snail with body weight of 1.3—1.6 g were investigated and analyzed in order to evaluate and analyze its nutritional components. The results showed that there were the moisture of 79.48%, crude protein of 15.53%, crude fat of 1.39% and crude ash of 3.18% in fresh muscle of U. thomasi. A total of 17 kinds of amino acids were found in this experiment. Among 17 kinds of amino acids, glutamic acid content was the highest, accounting for 20.43 mg/g, followed by aspartate, arginine and leucine, accounting for 12.56 mg/g, 11.39 mg/g and 8.98 mg/g, respectively. The content of histidine was the lowest among the detected 17 kinds of amino acid. The essential amino acids and the flavor amino acids accounted for 40.80% and 34.29% of total amino acids respectively, the essential amino acids index (EAAI) was 46.80. As for fatty acids, 18 kinds of fatty acids were detected, 8 kinds of saturated fatty acids (SFA), 3 kinds of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and 7 kinds of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), accounting for 35.91%, 20.64% and 22.88%, respectively. The total content of DHA and EPA was 16.13%. Therefore, the snail was a kind of delicious food source with abundant nutrition and high value.
2022 Vol. 41 (6): 1057-1063 [Abstract] ( 187 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1069 KB)  ( 98 )
       Overview and Specific Topic
1064 Advances in Research on Stable Isotopes to Identify Geographical Origins of Bivalve Molluscs:a Review
KANG Xuming, ZHAO Yanfang, TAN Zhijun, ZHAI Yuxiu, DING Haiyan, SHENG Xiaofeng
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21059
2022 Vol. 41 (6): 1064-1071 [Abstract] ( 202 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1099 KB)  ( 251 )
1072 Progress on Pathogenesis Molecular Mechanism and Immune Control Strategies of Chinese Giant Salamander Andrias davidianus ranavirus: a Review
LIU Pin, WANG Wenbo
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21060
2022 Vol. 41 (6): 1072-1082 [Abstract] ( 189 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1378 KB)  ( 257 )
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