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  • 月刊，1984年创刊
    主 管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
    主 办：包头医学院
    主 编：赵云山
    特邀主编：高长青
    编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
    国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
    国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
    邮发代号：16-292
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2023 Vol. 42, No. 3
Published: 2023-05-25
Research and Application
Overview and SpecificTopiC
 
       Research and Application
347 Cloning and Expression of FcBMP-7 Gene in Chinese Shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis
GAO Na, LU Xia, YAN Yunjun, KONG Jie, MENG Xianhong, LI Xupeng, SUI Juan, CHEN Baolong, CAO Baoxiang, GAO Huan, LUAN Sheng
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21023
In order to analyze the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) gene, a member of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily, in the muscle growth and development of Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis, the BMP-7 (FcBMP-7) was cloned by through Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) technology. The full-length cDNA of FcBMP-7 was 2003 bp, containing 466 bp of 5′untranslated region(UTR), 295 bp of 3′ UTR and 1242 bp of open reading frame(ORF), encoding 413 amino acids. Using real-time PCR technology to analyze the expression pattern of FcBMP-7 in the muscle tissues of Chinese shrimp larvae at five different developmental stages (gastrulation stage, nauplius stage, zoea stage, mysis stage, and postlarval stage). The results showed that the gene was expressed in all stages of larval development, with the minimal expression in the gastrula stage, the significant increase in expression level from the nauplius stage (P<0.05), and the maximal expression level in the mysis stage; indicating that FcBMP-7 was involved in the development of shrimp muscle. Expression pattern of FcBMP-7 in 8 tissues of two sizes of Chinese shrimp revealed that FcBMP-7 had extensive tissue expression. There were significantly different in the expression levels in most tissues between the two groups (P<0.05), especially in the heart, intestine, muscle, periopod and pleopod (P<0.01). The findings suggested that FcBMP-7 gene played a certain role in the muscle growth and development of Chinese shrimp, which would lay a theoretical foundation for further analysis of the molecular mechanism of muscle development in Chinese shrimp.
2023 Vol. 42 (3): 347-356 [Abstract] ( 214 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (5454 KB)  ( 117 )
357 Effects of Glyphosate-Resistant Genetically Modified Soybean on Antioxidant Capacity, Biochemical and Immune Indices of Jian Carp Cyprinus carpio var. jian
YU Taotao, ZHANG Jiaguo, HUANG Xiaoxia, HUA Maozhen, JIANG Lexia, HUANG Baosheng, ZHANG Changfeng
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21142
In order to evaluate the safety of glyphosate-resistant genetically modified soybeans (GMS) for Jian carp Cyprinus carpio var. jian, 480 juveniles with average body weight of (60±10) g were used as the test subjects in the experiment and randomly divided into four groups. The test diet was supplemented with 15% and 30% glyphosate-resistant GMS pretreated with high temperature, respectively, and the same proportion of non-GMS diet pretreated with high temperature was used as control. The feeding period was 180 d. Growth indicators were determined by conventional methods, and related hepatopancreas and blood indicators were determined by visible light method and dry powder method. The results showed that the addition of 15% and 30% glyphosate-resistant GMS to the diet did not led to significant effect on the growth index, organ index, and muscle routine nutritional components of carp (P>0.05). The activity of GSH-Px in hepatopancreas was significantly increased when the amount of GMS in the diet was 15% and 30% (P<0.05). The activity of CAT in hepatopancreas was significantly reduced and the level of MDA in hepatopancreatic was significantly increased by adding 30% GMS (P<0.05). The ALP activity in carp serum was significantly reduced by 30% in the fish fed the diet containing 30% of GMS (P<0.05). Therefore, adding a high amount of glyphosate-resistant GMS to the diet will significantly affect the antioxidant capacity of the hepatopancreatic of Jian carp, and have a certain degree of negative impact on the immunity of the carp. However, whether the critical cause of these effects is genetically modified or not needs to be further explored.
2023 Vol. 42 (3): 357-366 [Abstract] ( 133 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1114 KB)  ( 239 )
367 Heavy Metals and As Enrichment of Sediments in Typical Shrimp-Rice Co-Cropping Culture Ponds at Jianghan Plain
LIU Bin, XIONG Jing, GUO Li, YU Kaisheng, YAO Shiyuan
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21116
In order to explore the fertility status and heavy metals enrichment of sediments in the typical shrimp-rice co-cropping culture ponds at Jianghan Plain, the sediment samples were collected for pH, organic content, cation exchange capacity and 10 kinds of elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn) determination. Geo\|accumulation index(Igeo), pollution load index (PLI), enrichment factor (EF) and ecological risk assessment methods were used to evaluate the monitoring data, as well as correlation analysis and factor analysis. The results showed that pH and cation exchange capacity of surface sediments were generally slightly lower than those of bottom sediments, but the content of organic matter was opposite. Ten kinds of elements were detected in all samples, without obvious difference in concentrations and spatial distribution. Contents of elements in sediments were mostly lower than or equal to those reported in other culture, and a few samples exceeded risk screening value of GB 15618—2018 with As and Cu. Compared with regional background values, 70% of the sites were slight enrichment with Cd, Ni, Zn and Cu, and 56.7% of sediment sites was faced with moderate ecological risk of Cd. The preliminary analysis suggests that aquatic biological activities might have effects on the physicochemical properties of the sediments. Cd, Ni, Zn, and Cu might come from human activities, and other elements might be derived from the earth background. When carrying out non-environmental pollution culture, the culture area should be reasonably planned, and the safety of additives should be paid attention.
2023 Vol. 42 (3): 367-376 [Abstract] ( 126 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2515 KB)  ( 136 )
377 Comparison and Analysis of Genetic Parameters of Growth Traits in Yellow River Common Carp Cyprinus carpio haematopterus Estimatied by Different Models
WANG Yanhui, WANG Bingke, QU Changyi, FENG Jianxin, CHANG Dongzhou, ZHANG Qin
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21128
To evaluate the genetic parameters of growth traits of Yellow River common carp Cyprinus carpio haematopterus more accurately, we used seven microsatellite loci to genotype parents and offspring of a communal reared population of Yellow River common carp and utilized the genotyping information to carry out the parentage assignment. Then, the genetic parameters of body weight (BW) and body length (BL) for 20-month-old Yellow River common carp were estimated based on the average information restricted maximum likelihood (AIREML) method. Considering the possible non-additive genetic effects, three animal models were constructed as below: Model A only included the additive genetic effect; Model AM contained the additive genetic and maternal genetic effects; Model AF includeed the additive genetic effects and the full-sib family effects. The significance of difference among the three models was analyzed with the likelihood ratio test. The result of genotyping revealed that all of the loci showed high polymorphism. Sixty-four alleles were detected in 7 microsatellite loci, and the number of alleles in each locus was 5—11, and the average number of alleles in each locus in offspring population was 9.10, and the average observed heterozygosity was 0.795. The average expected heterozygosity was 0.801, and the moderate polymorphism information content was 0.771. The result of the model analysis showd that the Model AM was the optimal model. At 20 months of age, BW and BL showed a high level of heritability of 0.46 and 0.41, respectively, and maternal genetic effects ratio of 0.14 and 0.11, respectively. Phenotypic and genetic correlations between BW and BL were positive and ranged from 0.75 to 0.85. The results suggested that maternal effect was considered in the genetic parameter evaluation model of growth traits of Yellow River common carp at 20-month-old. Combined with the analysis of relative genetic advances, BW as the target trait effectively improved the growth performance in common carp. The finding provides a theoretical basis and technical support for selective breeding of growth traits in common carp.
2023 Vol. 42 (3): 377-385 [Abstract] ( 139 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4933 KB)  ( 170 )
386 Effects of Curcumin on Growth Performance and Non-Specific Immunity of Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides
ZHANG Meiyan, YANG Xing, JIANG Zaisheng, ZHAO Feng, LI Songyan, LIU Tingting, ZHANG Zhixin, SHANG Baodi
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21135
The 60-day feeding trial was conducted to study the effects of different dietary curcumin levels on growth performance, and non-specific immunity for largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides with body weight of (4.17±0.39) g. Purified basal diets were formulated, containing curcumin of 0(control), 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 mg/kg diet. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups, 30 fish each group. The results showed that: (1)compared with the control group, the weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) were significantly higherin 60 mg/kg groupthan that in the others (P<0.05), and the FCR(feed conversion ratio) was lowest in 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg groups, but there was no significant differences in viscerosomatic index (VSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI) among the experimental groups (P>0.05). (2)White blood cell (WBC) number were significantly higherin 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg groupsthan that in control group (P<0.05), there was no significant differences in red blood cell (RBC) and HGB (hemoglobin) among all groups (P>0.05). (3)With the increase in dietary curcumin supplementation, the alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) activities were decreased first and then increased, alanine amino transferase (ALT) reached the lowest level when dietary curcumin supplementation was 60 mg/kg than others (P<0.05), and aspartate amino transferase (AST) reached the lowest level when dietary curcumin supplementation were 60 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg(P<0.05). There were no significant differences in total protein (TP) and globular proteins (GLB) among groups (P>0.05). (4)Compared with the control group, the activities of ACH50 in 30, 60 and 120 mg/kg groups were significantly higher (P<0.05), and in groups with curcumin TNF-α were significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The IL-1β activity was the highest in 60 mg/kg group. (5)In 60 mg/kg group, the expression of PrxⅠ, PrxⅡ, PrxⅣ, PrxⅤ, and PrxⅥ genes was significantly increased (P<0.05). In conclusion, the dietary with 60 mg/kg curcumin can improve the growth performance, non-specific immune response and antioxidant capacity of M. salmoides, which is the optimal dietary supplemental level.
2023 Vol. 42 (3): 386-394 [Abstract] ( 137 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1427 KB)  ( 158 )
395 Distribution and Influencing Factors of Pacific Chub Mackerel Scomber japonicus Resources in Southern Offshore Waters of Zhejiang Province in Spring and Summer
YE Shen, MA Wen, CHEN Weifeng, LIU Weicheng
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21140
To understanding of the impact of marine environmental factors on the resource distribution of Pacific chub mackerel Scomber japonicas, relationship between the distribution of Pacific chub mackerel and environmental factors was constructed by using the two-stage GAM, based on the survey data and remote sensing data in the coastal waters of southern Zhejiang province in May and August 2016, 2019 and 2020. The results showed that the resources density of Pacific chub mackerel was varied greatly each year, with obvious seasonal distribution rules. The density of Pacific chub mackerel resources inshore waters was found to be higher in spring than that in offshore waters, with the opposite case in summer. Seawater temperature and salinity were found to be the significant environmental factors affecting the distribution of Pacific chub mackerel. There was a linear positive correlation between the resource density and seawater temperature, and a non-linear negative correlation between the resource density and salinity in spring. In summer, however, the resource density firstly was increased and then decreased with the warming seawater temperature, with the maximal resource density at seawater temperature of 29.3 ℃. The finding shows that environmental factors play an important role in the occurrence probability and resource density of Pacific chub mackerel in the coastal waters of southern Zhejiang in spring and summer.
2023 Vol. 42 (3): 395-403 [Abstract] ( 114 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1741 KB)  ( 120 )
404 Effects of Dietary Radix Glycyrrhizae Powder on Antioxidant Capacity of Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer under Low Salinity Stress
CHEN Xu, ZUO Tao, ZHOU Shengjie, YANG Rui, YU Gang, QIN Chuanxin, MA Zhenhua
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21090
In order to explore changes in the antioxidant capacity of Asian seabass Lates calcarifer under low-salt stress after feeding Radix Glycyrrhizae, Asian seabass with body weight of (13.89±2.50) g were reared in a 500 L fiberglass bucket and fed diets containing 0 (group 1), 10 (group 2), 30 (group 3) and 50 g/kg (group 4) of Radix Glycyrrhizae powder for 56 days at water temperature of 28.5 ℃ and salinity of 32.1. At the end of the culture, Asian seabass with body weight of (28.51±3.47) g was transferred to 100 L of freshwater plastics buckets filled with tap water for 24 hours, and then activities and contents of antioxidant-related enzymes were determined. The results showed that the activities of serum catalase and total antioxidant capacity in group 1 (control) were improved in varying degrees during the experiment. At the end of the low salinity stress, the activity of lysozyme was found to be increased with the increase in Radix Glycyrrhizae powder doses, the amount of malondialdehyde to be decreased; comparing to the treatment, and the activity of glutathione peroxidase and the amount of malondialdehyde to be decreased significantly (P<0.05). The activities of liver total superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity were decreased gradually with the increase in dietary Radix Glycyrrhizae powder content (P<0.05). Furthermore, the activities of peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity and the amount of malondialdehyde in each group after the experiment were significantly higher than ever before, while the activity of glutathione peroxidase was decreased. Except for group 2, the activity of Na+/K+-ATPase in gills in other groups after the experiment were significantly lower than ever before (P<0.05). In conclusion, the dietary Radix Glycyrrhizae powder can enhance the body vitality, anti-stress and anti environmental stress capabilities of juvenile Asian seabass.
2023 Vol. 42 (3): 404-412 [Abstract] ( 106 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1492 KB)  ( 101 )
413 Selection and Validation of Reference Genes in Gymnocypris przewalskii by Quantitative Real-Time PCR
LIU Sijia, QI Delin, QI Hongfang, HAN Buying, NIU Yimeng, ZHAO Kai, TIAN Fei
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21095
In order to clarify the expression stability of the candidate reference gene of Gymnocypris przewalskii under low temperature environment, 120-day-old G. przewalskii with body weight of (8.5±1.2) g were randomly divided into low temperature group (reared at 17 ℃ for one week, and then cooled to 0 ℃ at a rate of 0.5 ℃/h, and kept at 0 ℃ for 15 d) and the control group (17 ℃ constant temperature). Then, according to the quantitative results of RNA-seq, the candidate internal reference genes with stable expression were screened, and real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression levels of the candidate genes in brain, hepatopancreas, and muscle tissue at 0 ℃ and 17 ℃. Then the expression stabilities of reference genes were analyzed by GeNorm, Norm Finder and Best Keeper procedures. The RNA-seq analysis revealed that 8 genes were obtained as candidate reference genes including dehydrase (Abhd18) gene, microglobulin(B2m) gene, extension protein A (Eloa) gene, DAZ related protein 2(Dazap2) gene, actinb(Actb) gene, phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenase (Gapdh) gene, BCL cell death agonist (Bad) gene and fatty acid binding protein 3 (Fabp3) gene.The expression stability analysis of the 8 candidate genes showed that B2m and Eloa were the most stable candidate genes, and Fabp3 was the most unstable candidate gene.B2m and Eloa were used as double reference genes to correct the expression levels of four fatty acid metabolity-related genes in brain, hepatopancreas and muscle at 0 ℃ and 17 ℃, and the results showed that the relative expression ratios of qRT-PCR were highly positively correlated with RNA-seq results. The finding provides candidate reference genes for the researches on extreme environmental adaptation of plateau fishes.
2023 Vol. 42 (3): 413-423 [Abstract] ( 105 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (5769 KB)  ( 157 )
424 Age and Growth Characteristics of Chinese Hook Snout Carp Opsariichthys bidens in Duhe Cascade Reservoirs of the Hanjiang River
HU Feifei, LI Jiayin, LI Xuemei, MENG Zihao, CHEN Kang, YANG Deguo
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21134
Age structure and growth characteristics were monthly surveyed in 619 samples of Chinese hook snout carp Opsariichthys bidens collected by three-layer gillnets and trap cages in four sampling sites in Duhe cascade reservoirs (Longbeiwan Reservoir, Songshuling Reservoir, and Pankou Reservoir) in tributaries of the Hanjiang River from June 2018 to April 2019, and the comparative analysis was conducted among the cascade reservoirs. It was found that the ratio of female to male was 0.82∶1. Scales identification showed that the female had the maximum ages of 3 years old and male of 4 years old, with 4 age classes, and with the dominant age group of 2 years old group, accounting for 56.4% of the total samples. There was significant difference in body length and body weight between different reservoirs and different genders, without significant difference in the relationship between body length and body weight (m-L). The m-L equation of various age population combination was m=0.0169L2.981, indicating that the fish belonged to the type of uniform growth. The growth equations of body length and body weight fitted by van Bertalanffy were described as Lt=18.38 [1-e-0.8093(t+0.079)] and mt=99.27 [1-e-0.8093(t+0.079)], without significant difference between male and female. The equation of growth rate and acceleration of body length and body weight were described as dL/dt=14.8731e-0.8093(t+0.079), d2L/dt2=-12.0363e-0.8093(t+0.079), dm/dt=239.4710e-0.8093(t+0.079)[1-e-0.8093(t+0.079)]1.981, and d2m/dt2=-193.7951 e-0.8093(t+0.079)[2.981 e-0.8093(t+0.079)-1] [1-e-0.8093(t+0.079)]0.981, with the growth inflection point of body weight of 1.27 years old, and the corresponding body length of 12.2 cm and body weight of 26.2 g. There was little effect construction of cascade reservoir on the fish resources development of Chinese hook snout carp in the Duhe River.
2023 Vol. 42 (3): 424-431 [Abstract] ( 164 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3338 KB)  ( 131 )
432 Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Wnt4 Gene in Northern Pike Esox lucius
LI Jing, ZHAO Ruiyang, ZHANG Junjie
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21104
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Wnt4(wingless-type MMTV integration site family,member 4)gene in sex development of northern pike Esox lucius. The Wnt4 gene fragment was cloned by RT-PCR, the homology of amino acids and the evolutionary relationship of species were analyzed by Clustal X and MEGA 6.1 software. The length of Wnt4 gene fragment was 1505 bp, with the open reading frame of 1059 bp, encoding 352 amino acids. Amino acid homology analysis showed that northern pike had high homology with rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and medaka Oryzias latipes, but low similarity with Xenopus laevis and Rattus norvegicus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the phylogenetic relationship between northern pike and Myripristis murdjan was the hithermost, and the phylogenetic relationship between northern pike and Paracentrotus lividus, Azumapecten farreri and Mytilus coruscus was the farthest. Real time fluorescent quantitative PCR analysis showed that Wnt4 gene was expressed in ovary, testis, intestine, muscle, gill and brain. The expression of Wnt4 gene in ovary was the highest, and the expression of Wnt4 gene in ovary was significantly higher than that in testis. With the development of ovary, the expression of Wnt4 gene was decreased. Wnt4 gene was involved in the formation and maintenance of some organs in the early stage of ovarian development. The findings provide reference for the sex development mechanism of northern pike.
2023 Vol. 42 (3): 432-439 [Abstract] ( 98 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (12535 KB)  ( 94 )
440 Response of Green Alga Chlorella vulgaris to Pentabromodiphenyl Ether BDE-85 Toxic Stress under Different pH Conditions
JIANG Lele, HAO Mengqiu, GU Xiaoduo, GUO Chenyu, LI Futian, WANG Hongbin
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21072
Marine green alga Chlorella vulgaris was cultured in different concentrations (0, 1.52, 3.04, 6.08, 12.16, and 24.32 μg/g)of pentabromodiphenyl ether BDE-85 at different pH (8.66, 8.44, 8.19, and 7.93). The specific growth rate, net photosynthetic oxygen evolution rate, dark respiration rate, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities of green alga were measured during exponential growth period, to explore the toxic stress of pentabromodiphenyl ether BDE-85 on the physiological response of green alga under different pH conditions. The results showed that under low pH condition, the specific growth rate of green alga treated with low and medium mass concentration of BDE-85 was increased. The experimental groups of 6.08 μg/g and 12.16 μg/g increased by 6.33% and 7.39% compared with the control group, respectively. The net photosynthetic oxygen release rate of 6.08 μg/g experimental group was 18.43% higher than the control group at low pH, while that of 24.32 μg/g experimental group was 39.98% lower than the control group. At the same time, the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were increased, indicating that the antioxidant effect of green alga was enhanced, and the stress activity appeared, but the enhanced effect was not obvious under high concentration (24.32 μg/g test group) BDE-85 treatment. Under low pH condition, the growth of green alga can be promoted, and the toxic effect of low and medium concentration of BDE-85 led to be alleviated. However, when the concentration of BDE-85 was too high, the toxic effect led to inhibit the growth of green alga, and the interaction between the two was not obvious under high concentration of BDE-85.
2023 Vol. 42 (3): 440-448 [Abstract] ( 85 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4356 KB)  ( 94 )
449 Analysis of Nutrition Composition of Novel Strain of Bastard Halibut Paralichthys olivaceus with Lymphocystis Disease Resistance
WANG Guixing, HE Zhongwei, LIU Yufeng, ZHANG Xiaoyan, ZHAO Yaxian, REN Yuqin, WANG Yufen, HOU Jilun
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21035
In order to study the muscle quality of antilymphocyst bastard halibut Paralichthys olivaceus line and its parental gynogenesis line, the nutritional composition of muscles of the 7-month-old maternal with body weight of (219.88±33.82) g, paternal with body weight of (213.53±27.20) g and antilymphocyst bastard halibutwith body weight of (237.51±26.04) gwas analyzed by conventional methods. The results showed that the hybrids were similar to their parents in crude protein, crude ash and moisture (P>0.05). However, there was much higher levels of lipid contents in the maternal strain compared to the paternal strain and hybrids (P<0.05). Total 18 amino acids including eight essential amino acids, two semi-sessential amino acids and eight nonessential amino acids were detected in all strains. The hybrid had the maximal muscular contents of total amino acid and essential amino acids. The constitutional rate of all essential amino acids in general met with the FAO/WHO standard, with the essential amino acids indices (EAAI) of 87.4 (hybrid), 79.04(maternal strain) and 79.86 (paternal strain). The hybrid had the maximal nutritional value, followed by that of maternal strain and paternal strain, and significantly lower levels of saturated fatty acid(SFA), monounsaturated fatty aicd(MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) than the paternal strain and maternal strain did (P<0.05). Moreover, there were larger EPA+DHA contents in maternal strain than those in the hybrids and paternal strain (P<0.05). The hybrid, including parental strains, showed high nutritional values. The maternal strain was used as novel germplasm for EPA+DHA and PUFA in bastard halibut breeding. The findings provided the basic data for lymphocystis disease-resistant breeding of bastard halibut in the future.
2023 Vol. 42 (3): 449-456 [Abstract] ( 104 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1077 KB)  ( 100 )
457 Genetic Diversity Analysis of 14 Cultured Populations of Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus clarkii in China
LIU Xiaoyu, XIONG Lijing, PENG Bo, LUO Cuirong, PENG Guohui, ZHU Xi, BAI Xufeng
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21147
To assess the genetic diversity of cultured populations of red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii, 14 populations, 464 samples, of red swamp crayfish, were collected from Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Guangdong and Hubei provinces in China. The number of alleles, expected heterozygosity (He), observed heterozygosity (Ho), polymorphism information content (PIC), Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, genetic distance and population structure of red swamp crayfish were analyzed by the 35 simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers. The results showed that there were 2—3 alleles for each SSR marker site; the values of PIC, Ho and He were arranged from 0.33 to 0.43, 0.32 to 0.41, and 0.36 to 0.44, respectively. Absent heterozygote in each marker locus resulted in the loss of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Four genetic populations can be grouped according to the genetic distance and population structure of the 14 populations,and the populations from Xiangshuba, Wenzhou, Quzhou, and Jian, Tianhuangping, Dipuwere classified into the two independent clades,respectively. The population from Longnan and the other populations were clustered into another two clades,respectively. The findings indicate that the cultured populations of red swamp crayfish in this study only show a medium genetic diversity, hence, the collection and protection of the wild crayfish germplasm with a higher genetic diversity will play an important role in the genetic breeding.
2023 Vol. 42 (3): 457-465 [Abstract] ( 105 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2934 KB)  ( 140 )
466 Genetic Relationship among Three Populations of Pearl Oyster Pinctada fucata ssp. martensii in Guangxi, China
ZOU Jie, PENG Huijing, ZHENG Debin, ZHANG Shoudu
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21103
In order to explore the cross population hybridization of pearl oyster Pinctada fucata ssp. martensii in Guangxi, 15 samples of 2-year-old pearl oyster were randomly selected from the wild population (F1), the breeding population (“Haixuan No. 1” F4) and the cultured population in the Beihai were used for double-enzyme digestion by Sea15 1-end EcoRⅠ (G^AATTC) and 2-end NlaⅢ (Hin1Ⅱ, CATG^), and then 500 ng of qualified DNA samples were constructed using ddRAD library construction method. The pair-end sequencing library was used in the length of 300—500 bp to analyze the genetic relationship among the three populations through single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. More than 585 000 SNPs of the 3 populations were statistically obtained, with the observed heterozygosity of 0.1975, 0.1679 and 0.1783, the expected heterozygosity of 0.2545, 0.2469 and 0.2732, average inbreeding coefficient of 0.2075, 0.3449 and 0.3465, and the polymorphism information content of 0.2032, 0.2089 and 0.2241. The inbreeding coefficient of breeding population was close to cultured population, and there was higher genetic polymorphism in wild population and cultured population than that in the breeding population. The phylogenetic tree and PCA analysis revealed that some samples of breeding population and cultured population had close genetic relationship. Fst analysis showed that the minimal genetic differentiation index was observed between breeding population and cultured population, indicating that some parents were likely to be homologous. The wild population, breeding population and cultured population had average number of runs of homozygosity (ROH) of 59.1, 49.5 and 56.6, the average length of ROH 0.312 Mb, 0.313 Mb and 0.311 Mb, and the average SNPs content 59, 50 and 73, the range of FROH 0.0149—0.0240, 0.0159—0.0201 and 0.017—0.0246, respectively, indicating that the real inbreeding phenomenon of each population was not obvious. The average linkage disequilibrium(LD) decay distances were 0.4 kb in wild population, 0.4 kb in breeding population and 0.2 kb in cultured population(r2=0.2), and the attenuation rate of cultured population>wild population>breeding population, which was related to artificial breeding. The findings indicate that wild population × breeding population or wild population ×cultured population could be used in cross breeding project, and the results may serve as an alternative way to learn about the maintenance and utilization of genetic resources of pearl oyster population in Guangxi.
2023 Vol. 42 (3): 466-473 [Abstract] ( 112 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (6410 KB)  ( 150 )
474 Effects of Sowing Seaweed Gracilaria lichevoides on Growth of Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus in a Seawater Pond
ZHOU Quanli, QIN Xianming, REN Lihua, GUO Zhicheng, HAN Huizong, WANG Zhongquan, XIANG Zhiwei, LIU Yuanjin, LIU Yihao
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21133
The seaweed function as food for marine organisms and regulate the ecological environment in the multi-trophic level integrated culture system. In order to study the ecological polyculture technology of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus and seaweed Gracilaria lichevoides sown at the bottom of seawater pond, the experiment was design as one stocking density (100.0±23.6) g/m2 for sea cucumber and 4 stocking density (0 g/m2, 100 g/m2, 300 g/m2, and 600 g/m2) for seaweed in pilot test pond (0.1 hm2), respectively. The results showed that the G. lichevoides reduced the temperature and increased the dissolved oxygen (DO) level at the bottom of the seawater pond in the period of high temperature (P<0.05); meanwhile, the harvest quantity and quality of sea cucumber increased with the increase of the stocking density of seaweed. There were significant differences in growth and survival of sea cucumber between control and treatment groups (P<0.05). There was no obvious difference in the growth of seaweed in the treatment group (P>0.05). There was a significant difference between the growthof sea cucumber after survival incontrol group and the treatment group (P<0.05), without significant difference in the treatment groups (P>0.05). The experiments show that the seaweed can decrease the temperature and dissolved oxygen level, increase the survival and growth rate of the sea cucumber at the bottom of the seawater pond, the 300—600 g/m2 stocking density of the seaweed G. lichevoides is the suitable conditions for survival and growth of the sea cucumber.
2023 Vol. 42 (3): 474-479 [Abstract] ( 97 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4625 KB)  ( 80 )
480 Feeding Habitat of Jumbo Flying Squid Dosidicus gigas off the Coast of Peru
LIU Bilin, CHEN Xinjun, TIAN Siquan
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20276
Recently, two-stage generalized additive models (GAMs) have been considered as most accurate and effective model to investigate fishery resources habitat. In this study, we used this model to analyze the influence of environment factors on resources abundance and predicted distribution of feeding habitat of jumbo flying squid Dosidicus gigas off Peru, based on squid jigging production and environmental data. The results of two-stage GAMs showed that catch per unit of effort (CPUE) was only significantly influenced by latitude in spring, by latitude and sea surface temperature in summer, by sea surface temperature and sea surface height in autumn and by latitude and sea surface height in winter, while slightly influenced by chlorophyll a in the four seasons. Hypothesized feeding grounds were S 15°, W 77° in spring, S 24°—26°, W 75°—78° in summer, S 12°—16° off Peru and S 28° off the central Chile in autumn, and S 13°—18° in winter off Peru. The finding will provide basic information for the jigging fishery in the study area.
2023 Vol. 42 (3): 480-487 [Abstract] ( 89 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (5138 KB)  ( 118 )
488 Analysis of Difference in Growth and Muscle Nutrient Composition between F3 and F4 Populations of Yellow River Common Carp Cyprinus carpio New Strain
WANG Bingke, WANG Yanhui, FENG Jianxin, WU Xiaojun, QU Changyi, YU Xiao, HE Haizhan, ZHANG Qin
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21093
This study aims to explore the differences in growth and muscle nutritional composition of F3 and F4 populations in the selection and breeding process of Yellow River common carp Cyprinus carpio new strain. A total of 10 individuals at two years old were selected respectively for muscle nutrition analysis. The results showed that the body length and body weight of F4 population were significantly higher than that of F3 population (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in muscle moisture and crude fat between F3 and F4 (P>0.05), but the content of crude ash and crude protein in F3 was significantly higher than that in F4 (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in total amino acid content and essential amino acid content between F3 and F4 populations (P>0.05). Non-essential amino acids content, taste relating amino acids content and taste relating amino acids / total amino acid of F3 population were significantly higher than those of F4 population (P<0.05), but essential amino acid/total amino acid of F4 population was significantly higher than that of F3 population (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the contents of saturated fatty acid, α-linoenic acid and arachidonic acid between F3 and F4 populations (P>0.05). The contents of palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, arachidonic acid and monounsaturated fatty acid in muscle of F3 population were significantly higher than those of F4 population (P<0.05), while the contents of stearic acid, erucic acid, linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid, n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid and n-6 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in muscle of F3 population were significantly higher than those of F4 population (P<0.05). It was found that body weight, body length, essential amino acid/total amino acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid contents of F4 population were significantly increased, and the body length and body weight were increased from 299.86 mm and 605.98 g to 326.34 mm and 778.36 g respectively, the contents of essential amino acids/total amino acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids increased from 49.17% and 31.87% to 51.07% and 41.52% respectively, especially docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid increased from 0.45% and 1.31% to 0.90% and 5.42%, but the content of fresh amino acids in muscle decreased significantly from 69.15 g/kg to 65.34 g/kg.
2023 Vol. 42 (3): 488-495 [Abstract] ( 108 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3494 KB)  ( 126 )
496 Correlation and Path Analysis between Morphological Traits and Body Weight of Scallop Placopecten magellanicus
YU Di, CHEN Wei, TENG Weiming, XIE Xi, YU Zuoan, LI Dacheng, WANG Chong, WANG Qingzhi
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21244
In order to research the effects of morphological traits on body weight and other economic traits of scallop Placopecten magellanicus and obtain a target population with good genetic traits, correlation analysis and path analysis were used to study the impact of shell length (L), shell height (h), and shell width (b) on the the living body weight (m1), soft part weight (m2) and adductor weight (m3). The regression equation of morphological traits on body weight was established. The results showed that the correlation among all traits were extremely significant and positive (P<0.01). The correlation coefficient between shell length and width was the highest (0.977), and the correlation coefficient between shell width and height was the lowest (0.852). The results of path analysis showed that shell width was the main factor affecting the living body weight, soft part weight and adductor weight of scallop, with the path coefficients of 0.536 in living body weight, 0.387 in soft part weight and 0.435 in adductor weight. Shell length had the largest indirect effect on living body weight and adductor weight of scallop (0.869 and 0.702). Shell height had the greatest indirect effect on soft part weight (0.776). Shell width had the largest determining coefficient on living body weight and adductor weight (0.287 and 0.189), and shell height had the largest determining coefficient on the soft part weight (0.208). Stepwise regression method was used to establish the regression formula of morphological traits to living body weight, soft part weight and adductor weight: m1=-365.655+2.596h+7.861b, m2=-85.012+0.654L+1.428b, and m3=-32.944+0.619b, the regression relationship being very significant level (P<0.01). The finding provided a reference for artificial breeding of P. magellanicus.
2023 Vol. 42 (3): 496-501 [Abstract] ( 105 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1266 KB)  ( 272 )
502 Acute Toxicity of Four Conventional Disinfectants in Aquaculture on Tadpoles of Frog Quasipaa spinosa
XIE Yongguang, WEI Zhaoyu, WEI Xiuying, LUO Huahui, CHEN Dunxue
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21015
As an important aquaculture species, the aquaculture scale of amphibians is expanding, and the use of disinfectant has been inevitable. In order to evaluate acute toxicity of conventional disinfectants in aquaculture on amphibian larvae, the tadpoles of frog Quasipaa spinosa at Gosner stage 38—39 were exposed to the water contaminated in sodium chloride, formaldehyde, potassium permanganate and povidone-iodine by a static test method. The results showed that the order of median-lethal concentration(LC50)of the four conventional disinfectants were expressed as the following: sodium chloride>formaldehyde>potassium permanganate>povidone-iodine. The 96 h median lethal concentrations (LC50) was shown to be 7145.53 mg/L, 16.32 mg/L, 3.61 mg/L and 2.93 mg/L with safe concentra-tion (SC) of 1949.01mg/L, 4.80mg/L, 0.88mg/L and 1.85 mg/L respectively. Potassium permanganate and povidone-iodine were within the medium toxic substances while the sodium chloride and formaldehyde within the low toxic substances for tadpoles of the frog based on the toxic classification standards published by State Environmental Protection Administration of China. Taking full account of the dose-sensitivity and established conventions, povidone iodine is recommended as a disinfectant. In addition, the tadpoles are more sensitive to fish, so it needs to reduce concentration of disinfectants in amphibian larvae.
2023 Vol. 42 (3): 502-508 [Abstract] ( 121 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1036 KB)  ( 128 )
509 Application of Enzyme-Digested Hydrolyzed Porcine Mucosa in Diet of Hybird Grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀×E. lanceolatu ♂
ZHI Xinyan, YANG Xuanyi, WANG Guanghui, ZHAO Xumin, CHI Shuyan, TAN Beiping
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21070
The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of enzyme-digested hydrolyzed porcine mucosa (EPM) replacing fish meal on the growth performance, apparent digestibility coefficient of nutrients and aquaculture water quality in ponds withhybird grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀×E. lanceolatu ♂. A total of 450 hybird grouper [initial body weight (7.50±0.02) g] was divided into 5 groups, each with 3 replicates, and each replicate with 30 fish was fed iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic diets with EPM replacement rates of 0%(EPM 0), 9%(EPM 9), 18%(EPM 18), 27%(EPM 27), and 36%(EPM 36) fish meal, respectively for 8-week. The results showed that the weight gain rate and specific growth rate in the EPM 9 group were not significantly different from that in the EPM 0 group (P>0.05), but were significantly higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05). The apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, calcium and phosphoruswere significantly higher in EPM 0 group than those in the other groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in ammonia nitrogen content in aquaculture water between EPM 0 and EPM 9 groups with a period of 1 to 21 h after feeding (P>0.05). Twenty-one hours after feeding, there was no significant difference in the content of nitrite nitrogen in aquaculture water between the groups (P>0.05). In summary, when the substitution of 9% fish meal with enzyme-digested hydrolyzed porcine mucosa will not result in negative impact on the growth performance of the hybird grouper and the ammonia nitrogen content in aquaculture water.
2023 Vol. 42 (3): 509-516 [Abstract] ( 137 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1202 KB)  ( 357 )
       Overview and SpecificTopic
517 Review on Research Progress of Fish Macrophage Markers
DING Zhujin, CUI Hujun, GU Zhaotian, ZHAO Xiaoheng, CHENG Hanliang
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21145
2023 Vol. 42 (3): 517-526 [Abstract] ( 165 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1118 KB)  ( 185 )
527 Research Progress in Purpleback Flying Squid Sthenoeuthis oualaniensis Fisheries Resources: a Review
WEN Lihong, ZHANG Heng, FANG Zhou, CHEN Xinjun
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21088
2023 Vol. 42 (3): 527-537 [Abstract] ( 133 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1385 KB)  ( 180 )
538 A Review of Research Progress on Application of Rhubarb and Its Anthraquinone in Aquaculture
WEI Libo, REN Tongjun, WANG Fuqiang, HAN Yuzhe
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21055
2023 Vol. 42 (3): 538-546 [Abstract] ( 264 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2261 KB)  ( 264 )
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