Microscopic Observation of Chromatophores in Skin, Scale, and Fin of Mandarinfish Siniperca chuatsi
WU Minglin1,2, CHEN Xiaowu3, CUI Kai1,2, LI Haiyang1,2, HOU Guanjun1,2, JIANG Yangyang1,2
1. Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; 2. Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, Hefei 230031, China; 3. College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
摘要采用冰冻切片和常规苏木精—伊红染色切片,在光学显微镜下观察了体质量500 g 1龄翘嘴鳜皮肤、鳞片和鳍色素细胞的组成、分布及形态特征。皮肤纵切显微观察显示,眼后头部、体侧黑斑、体侧下部皮肤主要含黑色素细胞,喉部及腹部皮肤主要含虹彩细胞。皮肤横切显微观察显示,在皮肤表面,黑色素细胞聚集呈团状或块状,黄色素细胞呈颗粒状,虹彩细胞呈长梭形。苏木精—伊红染色下,皮肤黑色素细胞呈棕黑色,虹彩细胞呈浅灰色。皮肤色素层主要分布在表皮层与真皮疏松层之间、真皮致密层与肌肉相连处,少量分布在真皮疏松层纤维组织上。鳞片显微观察显示,眼后头部、体侧黑斑、体侧下部鳞片主要含黑色素细胞、黄色素细胞;喉部及腹部为透明状,不含或含少量黑色素细胞及黄色素细胞。鳞片黑色素细胞胞体大,胞体周边分枝多且细,黄色素细胞呈颗粒状。鳍显微观察显示,鳍主要含黑色素细胞及黄色素细胞,不同部位各色素细胞占比、大小及着色存在较大的区别。翘嘴鳜在长期的进化过程中,通过黑色素细胞、黄色素细胞、虹彩细胞不同的调配比及着色深浅,从而形成了具有独特特征的条纹及图案,利于隐藏及捕食,同时具有一定的观赏性。
Abstract：The types, distribution, and morphological characteristics of chromatophores were histologically observed in skin, scale, and fin of 1 year old mandarinfish Siniperca chuatsi with body weight of 500 g by frozen section and routine HE staining section under a light microscope. Longitudinal sections of skin showed that there were primarily melanophores in the head posterior to eye, the black spot at body side, and the lower part at body side. The throat and abdomen mainly contained iridophores. Transverse microscopic observation of skin showed that the melanophores on the surface of skin were aggregated into a mass or a lump, with granular xanthophores, and long fusiform iridophores. Under HE staining, the melanophores in skin were brown and black in color and lumpy in shape, and the iridophores were light gray in color. The skin pigment layers were mainly distributed between the epidermis layer and the dermis loose layer, on the dermis dense layer connected with the muscle, with a small number of chromatophores distributed in the fibrous tissue of the dermis loose layer. In scales, the melanophores and xanthophores were mainly found in the head posterior to eye, the black spot at body side, and the lower part at body side. No or a small number of melanophores and xanthophores were observed in the transparent throat and abdomen. The melanophores on scale had a large cell body containing many thin branches, and the xanthophores were granular. There were melanophores and xanthophores in fins, with significant differences in the proportion, size, and coloration in different parts. In the long-term evolution process, the stripes and patterns with unique characteristics of mandarinfish are formed by the different blending ratios and colorations of melanophores, xanthophores, and iridophores, which are conducive to hiding and predation, and have a certain degree of ornamental value.
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2020, Vol. 39 
