Abstract：The early development of vertebral column and appendicular skeleton was observed in butterfish Scatophagus argus from newly hatching larvae through 45 days post-hatching (dph) by double staining technique under a stereo microscope. It was observed that the notochord was a cone without segmentation from 1 to 8 dph, and segmented untill 8 dph. Segmented hard bone rings appeared at 28 dph, and 22—24 vertebrae were formed in the spine at 38 dph. The neural arches and haemal arches were appearance at 11 dph marked by the beginning of the vertebral column development. Some bone rings appeared clearly at 28 dph. Vertebral column was ossified from anterior to posterior, and then completely ossified at 38 dph. There were 10—12 cervical vertebra segments in trunk vertebra, and 11—12 cervical vertebra segments in the caudal vertebra. The appendicular skeletons were developed from the pectoral fins, ventral fins, caudal fins, anal fins to dorsal fins. The hypuralat was observed in the caudal fin at 11 dph, and appendicular pectoral fins were formed at 5 dph, pectoral girdle and cleithrum were ossified at 38 dph. Cartilages of appendicular of the ventral fins were formed at 5 dph, and the ventral fins were completely ossified at 33 dph. The caudal fin was completely ossified at 41 dph. and cartilages of appendicular anal fins were formed at 13 dph. The frontal fin ray of dorsal fins ws transformed 4 spines at 22 dph, 10—11 dorsal spines at 21 dph, and the dorsal fins began to ossify at 38 dph. The development of the dorsal fins began with appearance of 9 hyaloid in pterygiophores at 13 dph, and began to ossify at 33 dph. The butterfish had upturned notochord at 15 dph, with capacity of active feeding, becoming juveniles at water temperature of 25.5—29.1 ℃ and a salinity from 25 to 1.7. The butterfish had ctenoid scales at 20 dph, and moved from the gradually desalted sea water to fresh water, when the first inverted dorsal spine, number of gluteal spines and the presence of pectineal scales were significant markers for the classification of Scatophagidae in the Perciformes. The research on early development of the vertebral column and the appendicular skeleton in butterfish S. argus is important for functional adaptation during early development environment, production operation and classification.
[1]邓平平,施永海,徐嘉波,等.3种药物对金钱鱼幼鱼的急性毒性[J].广东海洋大学学报,2018,38(5):83-86. [2]胡振雄,何学军,刘利平.对虾—金钱鱼—蕹菜综合养殖的产出效果和氮磷利用的研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2013,22(5):713-719. [3]吴波,张敏智,邓思平,等.金钱鱼雌雄个体的形态差异分析[J].上海海洋大学学报,2014,23(1):64-69. [4]崔丹,刘志伟,刘南希,等.金钱鱼性腺发育及其组织结构观察[J].水产学报,2013,37(5):696-704. [5]施永海,张根玉,张海明,等.金钱鱼肌肉营养成分的分析和评价[J].食品工业科技,2015,36(6):346-350. [6]刘建业,陈华谱,江东能,等.饥饿及复投喂对金钱鱼肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白基因表达的影响[J].水生生物学报,2019,43(4):701-707. [7]徐嘉波,施永海,谢永德,等.池塘养殖金钱鱼的胚胎发育及胚后发育观察[J].安徽农业大学学报,2016,43(5):716-721. [8]蔡泽平,胡家玮,王毅.金钱鱼早期发育的观察[J].热带海洋学报,2014,33(4):20-25. [9]邓平平,严银龙,施永海.褐菖鲉仔稚鱼脊柱及附肢骨骼系统的早期发育[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2018,44(6):735-742. [10]沙学绅,阮洪超,何桂芳.鬼鲉卵子及仔、稚鱼的发育[J].海洋与湖沼,1981,12(4):365-373. [11]王春芳.黄颡鱼消化道的发育及其选食性研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2001:56-70. [12]张宗锋,施永海,谢永德,等.菊黄东方鲀脊柱、附肢骨骼及皮刺的早期发育[J].上海海洋大学学报,2016,25(6):853-865. [13]Gao X Q, Liu Z F, Guan C T, et al. Skeletal development and abnormalities of the vertebal column and fins in larval stage of hatchery-reared American shad, Alosa sapidissima[J]. Aquaculture Research,2018,49(7):2376-2392. [14]邓平平,施永海,徐嘉波,等.美洲鲥仔稚鱼脊柱及附肢骨骼系统的早期发育[J].中国水产科学,2017,24(1):73-81. [15]吕雪娇,王雨浓,刘清华,等.鞍带石斑鱼仔稚幼鱼骨骼发育与生长特性研究[J].海洋科学,2018,42(5):116-121. [16]于超勇,官曙光,于道德,等.大泷六线鱼仔稚鱼脊柱及附肢骨骼系统的发育观察[J].大连海洋大学学报,2020,35(1):47-55. [17]Sfakianakis D G, Koumoundouros G, Divanach P,et al.Osteological development of the vertebral column and of the fins in Pagellus erythrinus (L.1758).Temperature effect on the developmental plasticity and morpho-anatomical abnormalities[J]. Aquaculture,2004,232(1/2/3/4):407-424. [18]Lewis L M, Lall S P. Development of the axial skeleton and skeletal abnormalities of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) from first feeding through metamorphosis[J].Aquaculture,2006,256(1/2/3/4):124-135. [19]周胜杰,胡静,马振华,等.尖吻鲈尾部骨骼胚后发育研究[J].水产科学,2018,37(3):342-347. [20]陈渊戈,夏冬,钟俊生,等.刀鲚仔稚鱼脊柱和附肢骨骼发育[J].上海海洋大学学报,2011,20(2):217-223. [21]Sfakianakis D G, Doxz C K, Kouttouki S, et al. Osteological development of the vertebral column and of the fins in Diplodus puntazzo (Cetti,1777)[J]. Aquaculture,2005,250(1/2):36-46. [22]崔国强,陈阿琴,吕为群.日本鬼鲉脊柱和附肢骨骼的早期发育[J].水产学报,2013,37(2):230-238. [23]王军,陈明茹,谢仰杰,等.鱼类学[M].厦门:厦门大学出版社,2008:189. [24]王秋荣,倪玥莹,林利民,等.大黄鱼仔稚鱼脊柱、胸鳍及尾鳍骨骼系统的发育观察[J].水生生物学报,2010,34(3):467-472. [25]Tong X H, Liu Q H, Xu S H, et al. Skeletal development and abnormalities of the vertebral column and of the fins in hatchery-reared turbot Scophthalmus maximus[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2012,80(3):486-502. [26]张宗锋,施永海,张根玉,等.刀鲚脊柱及附肢骨骼早期发育研究[J].水产科技情报,2015,42(4):175-178.
2021, Vol. 40 
