Abstract：To investigate how algal diversity influences biomass accumulation and the functional roles of key traits within this process, five microalgal taxa with distinct functional characteristics, including Haematococcus pluvialis, Anabaena, Chlorella,Planktothrix. and Microcystis aeruginosa were monocultured, three-species polycultured and five-species polycultured with three replicates under constant conditions of 25 ℃, 2000 lx irradiance and a 12 L∶12 D photoperiod from 28 September to 23 October 2024. There was significantly lower cumulative biomass in all polycultures than the summed biomass of corresponding monocultures throughout the sampling period (P<0.05). The discrepancies were especially marked in the Haematococcus pluvialis-Chlorella-Microcystis polyculture (32.99 mg/L vs 172.62 mg/L for summed monocultures) and the Chlorella-Planktothrix-Microcystis polyculture (35.16 mg/L vs 167.54 mg/L), both showing highly significant differences (P<0.01). From the mid to late cultivation phase, polyculture biomass was shown to be significantly lower than that of summed monoculture biomass (P<0.05). Nitrogen-fixing taxa, exemplified by Anabaena had pronounced biomass superiority; in polycultures containing Anabaena, its biomass dominated from 9 to 23 October and differed significantly from that of every co-occurring species (P<0.05). These findings collectively demonstrate that polyculture of algae with divergent functional traits significantly led to influence biomass accumulation. It was found that among the observed functional traits including cell size, life-form and physiological attributes (particularly diazotrophy) and nitrogen-fixing capacity were emerged as a critical determinant of biomass accumulation. Additionally, Chlorella and Microcystis polyculture exhibited competitive performance under specific conditions, likely attributable to their small cell size and colony-forming ability. The findings provide empirical evidence with the relationship between algal diversity and ecosystem functioning and practical insights for optimising microalgal biomass production.
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2026, Vol. 45 
