Influence of Bacterial and Algal Regulation on Water Quality in Aquaculture and Growth of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
MENG Gao1,2,3, CHEN Zhao2,3, CHANG Zhiqiang2,3, WANG Yuzhen1,2,3, LI Jian2,3
1. College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China; 3. Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory, Qingdao 266100, China
Abstract：In order to probe the effects of beneficial algae and bacteria on the culture of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, the juvenile shrimp with body weight of 1.83 g were reared in 100 L white barrels.containing beneficial algae (Chaetoceros muelleri, Chlorella vulgaris, and Phaeodactylum tricornutum), beneficial bacteria (Bacillus polymyxa, B. subtilis and B. pumilus) and a 1∶1 mixture of bacteria and algae in the water to final concentration of 4.0×104 cell/mL, with the culture group without beneficial algae and bacteria as the control group. The physical and chemical indices of water quality were monitored in each group, the diversity of microbial community in the water environment was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing, and the growth performances of shrimp and the activity of immune-related enzymes were observed. The results showed that ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, active phosphate and chemical oxygen demand were effectively removed in the aquaculture water of Pacific white shrimp in the three treatment groups (reduced by 95.61%, 65.86% and 51.45%) compared with the control group, the best removal effect on ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and chemical oxygen demand in the beneficial algae group. The best removal effect on active phosphate(89.94%) was observed in the beneficial bacteria group, lower than that in the control group. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that the absolute dominant bacteria in each treatment group were found to be Rhodobacteraceae, with the relative abundance of 43.30% in the beneficial bacteria group, 48.66% in the beneficial algae group, 73.03% in the mixed bacteria and algae group, and 66.87% in the control group. The addition of beneficial bacteria and beneficial algae led to increase the diversity of microbial communities and to change the microbial community structure (P<0.05). The addition of beneficial bacteria was shown to significantly increase the relative abundance of Bacillaceae in the beneficial bacteria group (3.69%) (P<0.05). The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lysozyme (LZM) in shrimp in the three treatment groups were shown to be increased to varying extents, and to promote the growth of shrimp, with significantly higher enzyme activity and growth of shrimp in the beneficial algae group and the beneficial bacteria group than those in the mixed group and the control group (P<0.05). The findings indicate that addition of beneficial algae and beneficial bacteria can improve the water environment and the growth of shrimp as a feasible scheme for the regulation of shrimp aquaculture environment.
孟高, 陈钊, 常志强, 王玉贞, 李健. 菌、藻调控对凡纳滨对虾养殖水体及其生长影响[J]. 水产科学, 2025, 44(4): 523-533.
MENG Gao, CHEN Zhao, CHANG Zhiqiang, WANG Yuzhen, LI Jian. Influence of Bacterial and Algal Regulation on Water Quality in Aquaculture and Growth of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Fisheries Science, 2025, 44(4): 523-533.
[1]HUANG H H, LIAO H M, LEI Y J, et al. Effects of different carbon sources on growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei and water quality in the biofloc system in low salinity[J]. Aquaculture,2022,546:737239. [2]ZHANG Z, YANG Z W, ZHENG G F, et al. Effects of addition of sucrose and probiotics on whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae performance, water quality, and microbial community[J]. North American Journal of Aquaculture,2020,82(1):43-53. [3]乔玲,任成喆,李健,等.凡纳滨对虾工厂化养殖水体中微小辐环藻HY01的分离鉴定及对不同氮源的响应[J].渔业科学进展,2022,43(6):207-215. [4]EKASARI J, NUGROHO U A, FATIMAH N, et al. Improvement of biofloc quality and growth of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in biofloc systems by Chlorella addition[J]. Aquaculture International,2021,29(5):2305-2317. [5]PAKRAVAN S, AKBARZADEH A, SAJJADI M M, et al. Chlorella vulgarismeal improved growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, fatty acid composition and tolerance of hypoxia and ammonia stress in juvenile Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei[J]. Aquaculture Nutrition,2018,24(1):594-604. [6]MARINHO Y F, BRITO L O, DA SILVA CAMPOS C V F, et al. Effect of the addition of Chaetoceros calcitrans, Navicula sp. and Phaeodactylum tricornutum (diatoms) on phytoplankton composition and growth of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) postlarvae reared in a biofloc system[J]. Aquaculture Research,2017,48(8):4155-4164. [7]王旭娜,江敏,钟锐,等.凡纳滨对虾养殖池塘中浮游植物群落结构与水质因子的关系[J].水产学报,2018,42(11):1787-1803. [8]姚冬梅,张达娟,张树林,等.小球藻对凡纳滨对虾池塘微藻群落的影响及与环境因子的关系[J].水产科学,2022,41(4):581-588. [9]KUMAR V, ROY S, MEENA D K, et al. Application of probiotics in shrimp aquaculture:importance, mechanisms of action, and methods of administration[J]. Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture,2016,24(4):342-368. [10]LEYVA-MADRIGAL K Y, LUNA-GONZÁLEZ A, ESCOBEDO-BONILLA C M, et al. Screening for potential probiotic bacteria to reduce prevalence of WSSV and IHHNV in whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) under experimental conditions[J]. Aquaculture,2011,322/323:16-22. [11]张盛静,赵小金,宋晓玲,等.饲料添加益生菌对凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群、Toll受体及溶菌酶基因表达及抗感染的影响[J].中国水产科学,2016,23(4):846-854. [12]HUANG C, LUO Y Y, ZENG G Q, et al. Effect of adding microalgae to whiteleg shrimp culture on water quality, shrimp development and yield[J]. Aquaculture Reports,2022,22:100916. [13]TEPAAMORNDECH S, CHANTARASAKHA K, KINGCHA Y, et al. Effects of Bacillus aryabhattai TBRC8450 on vibriosis resistance and immune enhancement in Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei[J]. Fish & Shellfish Immunology,2019,86:4-13. [14]LI S N, ZHANG C F, LI F H, et al. Recent advances of algae-bacteria consortia in aquatic remediation[J]. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology,2023,53(3):315-339. [15]CHEN S F, ZHOU Y Q, CHEN Y R, et al. Fastp:an ultra-fast all-in-one FASTQ preprocessor[J]. Bioinformatics,2018,34(17):884-890. [16]MAGOCˇ T, SALZBERG S L. FLASH:fast length adjustment of short reads to improve genome assemblies[J]. Bioinformatics,2011,27(21):2957-2963. [17]EDGAR R C. UPARSE:highly accurate OTU sequences from microbial amplicon reads[J]. Nature Methods,2013,10(10):996-998. [18]STACKEBRANDT E, GOEBEL B M. Taxonomic note:a place for DNA-DNA reassociation and 16S rRNA sequence analysis in the present species definition in bacteriology[J]. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,1994,44(4):846-849. [19]WANG Q, GARRITY G M, TIEDJE J M, et al. Naive Bayesian classifier for rapid assignment of rRNA sequences into the new bacterial taxonomy[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2007,73(16):5261-5267. [20]SANTHANA KUMAR V, PANDEY P K, ANAND T, et al. Biofloc improves water, effluent quality and growth parameters of Penaeus vannamei in an intensive culture system[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2018,215:206-215. [21]FANG J H, FANG J G, CHEN Q L, et al. Assessing the effects of oyster/kelp weight ratio on water column properties:an experimental IMTA study at Sanggou Bay, China[J]. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2020,38(6):1914-1924. [22]丁雄祺,谢媚,陈偿,等.一株高效氨氮及亚硝态氮去除功能菌株的分离鉴定及在生物絮团对虾养殖中的应用[J].中国水产科学,2019,26(5):959-970. [23]CHEN M, CHEN X Q, TIAN L X, et al. Enhanced intestinal health, immune responses and ammonia resistance in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) fed dietary hydrolyzed yeast (Rhodotorula mucilaginosa) and Bacillus licheniformis[J]. Aquaculture Reports,2020,17:100385. [24]余云龙,邹华,张强,等.黑暗条件下普通小球藻处理废水的研究[J].食品与生物技术学报,2012,31(9):938-943. [25]王钰钦,郑尧,钱信宇,等.火山石和改性凹凸棒土对初沉单元净化效果的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2020,39(12):2868-2877. [26]WANG Y, SUN M Z, TANG Y Z, et al. Effects of Haematococcus pluvialis on the water quality and performance of Litopenaeus vannamei using artificial substrates and water exchange systems[J]. Aquaculture International,2022,30(4):1779-1797. [27]NIMRAT S, SUKSAWAT S, BOONTHAI T, et al. Potential Bacillus probiotics enhance bacterial numbers, water quality and growth during early development of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)[J]. Veterinary Microbiology,2012,159(3/4):443-450. [28]王书亚,李志,高仪璠,等.藻菌共培养体系优势菌株筛选及沼液处理[J].农业资源与环境学报,2019,36(1):121-126. [29]周玉婷,李佳霖,赵振军,等.海洋微微型蓝藻与异养细菌相互作用的研究进展[J].海洋科学,2022,46(4):123-132. [30]尚碧娇,左志晗,窦春萌,等.高通量测序法分析两株益生菌对凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群结构的影响[J].水产学报,2018,42(12):1967-1976. [31]张小平,王一冰,邓斌,等.添加不同益生菌对草鱼养殖水体菌群结构的影响[J].水生生物学报,2014,38(3):459-466. [32]黄雪敏,温崇庆,梁华芳,等.健康和发病凡纳滨对虾糠虾期育苗池水体的菌群结构比较[J].广东海洋大学学报,2018,38(4):27-34. [33]CAO H Z, CHEN D D, GUO L F, et al. Effects of Bacillus subtilis on growth performance and intestinal flora of Penaeus vannamei[J]. Aquaculture Reports,2022,23:101070. [34]丁贤,李卓佳,陈永青,等.芽孢杆菌对凡纳对虾生长和消化酶活性的影响[J].中国水产科学,2004,11(6):580-584. [35]唐杨,刘文亮,宋晓玲,等.饲料中补充蜡样芽孢杆菌对凡纳滨对虾生长及其肠道微生物组成的影响[J].水产学报,2017,41(5):766-774. [36]张瀚艺,张玉蕾,李长玲,等.环境因子对波吉卵囊藻-沼泽红假单胞菌藻菌体系氨氮吸收的影响[J].广东海洋大学学报,2021,41(6):1-8. [37]郁颖,吴磊,李先宁,等.不同藻菌配比下菌藻共生去除水产养殖废水中氮磷的试验[J].净水技术,2022,41(4):54-60. [38]ŚCIESZKA S, KLEWICKA E. Influence of the microalga Chlorella vulgaris on the growth and metabolic activity of Lactobacillus spp. bacteria[J]. Foods, 2020,9(7):959.
2025, Vol. 44 
