Comparison of Morphological Differences between MinnowRhynchocypris oxycephalus and Fat Minnow Rhynchocypris lagowskii
MA Benhe, XIE Wen, WANG Weiqi, HU Wenjuan, YU Guohong, LI Han, LUO Nan, WANG Haihua
Key Laboratory of Special Aquactic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Experimental Station ofLake Fishery Resources and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangxi FisheriesResearch Institute, Nanchang 330039, China
Abstract：To investigate the morphological difference of phenotypic characteristics between minnow Rhynchocypris oxycephalus sampled from Wuyuan County, Jiangxi Province and fat minnow Rhynchocypris lagowskii sampled from Liaoyang County, Liaoning Province, six quantifiable traits, including counts of dorsal fin, pectoral fin, ventral fin, anal fin, caudal fin and vertebrae, as well as nine quantifiable traits including total length, body height, head length, snout length, eye diameter, eye distance, caudal peduncle length, and caudal peduncle height were measured to compare and discriminate morphological characteristics between the two species by multivariate analysis. The results showed that there were significant differences in 7 proportional traits (P<0.05) , with vertebrae of 39 in R. oxycephalus and 42—44 in R. lagowskii(P<0.05), without significant difference in the number of fin rays between the two species (P>0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that there were three principal components in the nine measurable proportional traits, accounting for 40.859%, 19.690%, and 16.280% of the variance, with a cumulative contribution rate of 76.829%. Six variables with major contributions were identified within these three components, primarily distributed in the head and tail regions of the fish. Characteristic discriminant functions for R. oxycephalus and R. lagowskii were established using stepwise discriminant analysis, with the initial discriminant accuracy rates of 85.37% and 90.91%, respectively, with an overall accuracy of 88.54%. The cross-validation classification accuracy rates were shown to be 87.80% and 90.91%, respectively, with an overall accuracy of 89.58%, without significant difference in fin ray counts between R. oxycephalus and R. lagowskii, and with significant difference in vertebral counts. External morphological differences were primarily observed in the head and tail regions. The finding provides criteria for the discrimination between R. oxycephalus and R. lagowskii.
[1] VAN DER LAAN R, ESCHMEYER W N, FRICKE R. Family-group names of recent fishes[J]. Zootaxa,2014,3882:1-230. [2] 张春光,赵亚辉,邢迎春,等.北京及其邻近地区野生鱼类物种多样性及其资源保育[J].生物多样性,2011,19(5):597-604. [3] 谢鹏.中国鱥属鱼类形态学比较和温度适应的研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2019. [4] 刘艳辉,陈伟强,刘铁钢,等.拉氏鱥的养殖现状及发展前景[J].水产科技情报,2015,42(5):255-257. [5] 郭贵良,闫先春,王桂芹.东北地区5种柳根鱼考证[J].水产科技情报,2016,43(6):298-302. [6] 孔令杰.柳根鱼主要品种——洛氏鱥的池塘养殖技术[J].科学种养,2021(7):52-54. [7] 李思忠.浅议《中国动物志:硬骨鱼纲 鲤形目》(中卷)[J].动物分类学报,2001,26(1):115-118. [8] NELSON J S, GRANDE T C, WILSON M V H. Fishes of the World[M]. 5th ed. Hboken:John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2016:80-85. [9] ITO Y, SAKAI H, SHEDKO S, et al. Genetic differentiation of the northern Far East cyprinids, Phoxinus and Rhynchocypris[J]. Fisheries Science,2002,68(sup1):75-78. [10] SAKAI H, ITO Y, SHEDKO S V, et al. Phylogenetic and taxonomic relationships of northern Far Eastern phoxinin minnows, Phoxinus and Rhynchocypris (Pisces, Cyprinidae), as inferred from allozyme and mitochondrial 16S rRNA sequence analyses[J]. Zoological Science,2006,23(4):323-331. [11] 许旺.鲤科大吻鱥属鱼类的分子系统发育关系与我国东部地区冷水性淡水鱼类的亲缘生物地理[D].上海:复旦大学,2013. [12] 王开杰,徐永江,崔爱君,等.三种鰤属(Seriola)鱼类表型特征比较分析[J].海洋与湖沼,2023,54(1):214-224. [13] 康志鹏,刘永,李纯厚,等.西沙群岛10种鹦嘴鱼鱼体形态学研究[J].南方水产科学,2024,20(2):27-37. [14] 王程欣,胡令辉,杨莉婷,等.塔里木河水系2种裂腹鱼类形态特征和骨骼形态的差异比较[J].新疆农业科学,2024,61(10):2566-2575. [15] JUN I, LIM K M, CHOI Y H, et al. The measurement of radionuclides concentration ratio of the aquatic animal using the Chinese minnow(Rhynchocypris oxycephalus)[J]. Journal of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society, 2010,8(3):215-220. [16] IMOTO J M, SAITOH K, SASAKI T, et al. Phylogeny and biogeography of highly diverged freshwater fish species (Leuciscinae, Cyprinidae, Teleostei) inferred from mitochondrial genome analysis[J]. Gene,2013,514(2):112-124. [17] YU D, CHEN M, ZHOU Z C, et al. Global climate change will severely decrease potential distribution of the East Asian coldwater fish Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae)[J]. Hydrobiologia,2013,700(1):23-32. [18] LIANG Y Y, SUI X Y, CHEN Y F, et al. Life history traits of the Chinese minnow Rhynchocypris oxycephalus in the upper branch of Yangtze River, China[J]. Zoological Studies,2014,53(1):36. [19] 骆小年,李军,金广海,等.拉氏鱥人工繁殖试验[J].水产科学,2013,32(11):673-675. [20] LEI J,XIONG W, SUI X Y, et al. Feeding habits of the Chinese minnow Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874) from the Upper Yangtze River,China[J]. Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2018,34(3):550-555. [21] 储玲,叶娟,司春,等.黄山九龙峰保护区尖头鱥的年龄、生长和繁殖(英文)[J].水生生物学报,2015,39(1):29-37. [22] 骆小年,李军,杨培民,等.拉氏鱥池塘苗种培育试验[J].水产科学,2014,33(3):186-189. [23] ZHANG C, ZHANG S, TIAN Z, et al. The complete mitochondrial genome of Chinese minnow (Rhynchocypris oxycephalus) and its phylogenetic analyses[J]. Mitochondrial DNA Part B,2021,6(8):2177-2179. [24] REID G K, HUBBS C L, LAGLER K F. Fishes of the Great Lakes region[J]. The Journal of Wildlife Management,1960,24(1):109. [25] 吴玉萍,田永胜,李振通,等.棕点石斑鱼(♀)×蓝身大斑石斑鱼(♂)杂交后代与亲本的形态差异[J].广东海洋大学学报,2019,39(6):17-22. [26] 潘瑛子,刘海平,朱挺兵.西藏黑斑原鮡两个野生群体的形态差异[J].中国水产科学,2019,26(5):823-833. [27] POULET N. Evidence of morphological discrete units in an endemic fish, the rostrum dace (Leuciscus burdigalensisValenciennes 1844), within a small river basin[J]. Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems,2008,29(388):443-454. [28] 杨慧荣,欧阳徘徊,李桂峰,等.珠江流域3个野生大眼鳜群体的形态差异[J].中国水产科学,2016,23(2):447-457. [29] MOHADDASI M, SHABANIPOUR N, ABDOLMALEKI S. Morphometric variation among four populations of shemaya (Alburnus chalcoides) in the south of Caspian Sea using truss network[J]. The Journal of Basic & Applied Zoology, 2013,66(2):87-92. [30] 陆文泽,顾钱洪,王景龙,等.淮河流域似鳊不同群体的形态差异分析[J].水生态学杂志,2020,41(3):100-106. [31] 李振通,成美玲,田永胜,等.杂交种“云龙石斑鱼”与亲本的形态差异分析[J].渔业科学进展,2019,40(4):73-83. [32] 周传江,杨长幸,孟晓林,等.河南省大吻鱥属鱼类分类现状厘定[J].河南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2020,48(2):118-124. [33] 徐胜勇.黄鲫群体形态学及遗传学研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2014. [34] KAHILAINEN K, ØSTBYE K. Morphological differentiation and resource polymorphism in three sympatric whitefish Coregonus lavaretus(L.) forms in a subarctic lake[J]. Journal of Fish Biology,2006,68(1):63-79. [35] IGUCHI K, YAMAMOTO G, MATSUBARA N, et al. Morphological and genetic analysis of fish of a Carassius complex (Cyprinidae) in Lake Kasumigaura with reference to the taxonomic status of two all-female triploid morphs[J]. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society,2003,79(2):351-357. [36] 陈杰,李福贵,黄创新,等.不同鳊鲂属鱼类群体的形态差异分析[J].上海海洋大学学报,2014,23(3):388-394. [37] WINANS G A. Multivariate morphometric variability in Pacific salmon:technical demonstration[J]. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1984,41(8):1150-1159. [38] CAVALCANTI M J, MONTEIRO L R, DUARTE LOPES P R. Landmark-based morphometric analysis in selected species of serranid fishes (Perciformes:Teleostei)[J]. Zoological Studies, 1999,38(3):287-294. [39] MURTA A G. Morphological variation of horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) in the Iberian and North African Atlantic:implications for stock identification[J]. ICES Journal of Marine Science,2000,57(4):1240-1248. [40] RUIZ-CAMPOS G, CAMARENA-ROSALES F, VARELA-ROMERO A, et al. Morphometric variation of wild trout populations from northwestern Mexico (Pisces:Salmonidae)[J]. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries,2003,13(1):91-110. [41] 刘童,邹琰,王英俊,等.魁蚶4个群体形态差异比较分析[J].水产科学,2019,38(5):676-681. [42] 黄胜,潘秋芝,安苗,等.贵州3个斑鳜野生种群形态学差异[J].水产科学,2020,39(3):350-358. [43] 乔德亮,李思发.细鳞斜颌鲴三个群体形态差异[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(12):2425-2430. [44] 王伟,陈立侨,顾志敏,等.7个不同翘嘴红鲌群体的形态差异分析[J].淡水渔业,2007,37(3):40-44. [45] 张瑞,赵贺,聂竹兰,等.新疆克孜勒河4种裂腹鱼形态差异比较[J].水生态学杂志,2024,45(4):99-107.
2026, Vol. 45 
