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月刊，1984年创刊
主管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
主办：包头医学院
主编：赵云山
特邀主编：高长青
编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
邮发代号：16-292

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2013 Vol. , No. 12 Published: 2013-12-25

Article

	691	The Susceptibility of Somatic Cells from Thalli of Laver Porphy ra yezoensis to Three Selective Reagents
		WANG Ping,JIN Jun,TENG Ya-juan,LI Xin-shu,CHEN Ping,ZHOU Jun
		The susceptibility of somatic cells of thalli of laver Porphyra yezoensis to three antibiotics was studied in order to screen reliable selection concentrations for recovery of transformation offsprings of the laver .The protoplasts isolated from thalli by seashell enzymes were cultured in medium at 20 ℃ for 3 days , and then transferred to medium with G418(0 ,10 ,50 ,100 ,200 ,and 300 g/L) ,kanamycin(0 ,50 ,100 , 300 ,500 ,and 800 mg/L) or chloramphenicol (0 ,5 ,15 ,35 ,65 ,and 100 mg/L) .The rate of cell division , mortality ,and rate of thallus formation were observed with significant difference test .The results showed that there were significant differences in susceptibility of the somatic cells to three antibiotics at various concentrations .It was found that the susceptibility of the cells from the thalli to the antibiotics was arranged as chloramphenicol > kanamycin > G418 .As selective reagents for recovery of transformation offspring of the thallus ,the concentration was selected a 300 mg/L for G418 ,50 mg/L for kanamycin and 15~35 mg/L for chloramphenicol .
		2013 Vol. (12): 691-695 [Abstract] ( 54 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (1227 KB) ( 313 )

	696	Acute Toxicity of Six Common Fishery Medicines to Ancherythroculter nigrocauda Juveniles
		XU Xian-dong,CAO Yi-hu,DENG Yong-hui,ZHU En-hua,ZENG Qing-xiang,ZHANG Jian-ming,ZHOU Qiu-bai,CHEN Yun-xiang,XIAO Ming-he
		The biological toxic test was carried out to evaluate the acute toxicity of mebendazole , avermectin ,phoxim ,povidone-iodine ,formalin ,and salt to Ancherythroculter nigrocauda juveniles .It was found that the safe concentration was 0 .28 mg/L for mebendazole ,0 .0028 mg/L for avermectin , 0 .042 mg/L for phoxim ,37 .7 mg/L for povidone-iodine ,6 .45 mg/L for formalin ,and 1005 .5 mg/L for salt .The avermectin and phoxim were of highly toxic pesticides ,and should be used with caution .Other drugs can be used according to conventional dose .
		2013 Vol. (12): 696-700 [Abstract] ( 52 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (594 KB) ( 392 )

	701	Reproductive Biology of Crucian Carp Carassius auratus in CaoHai Lake
		WANG Jin-na,ZHOU Qi-chun,AN Miao,TAN Bing-chang,TAI Ding-min
		A total of 1136 individuals of crucian carp Carassius auratus were collected in CaoHai Lake in Weining in Guizhou province and dissected from October of 2011 to October of 2012 , in w hich 406 individuals were applied in reproductive biology research including spawning season ,and sexual ratio .The results showed that the crucian carp in CaoHai Lake spawned from February to May , especially in February and March .Nearly 13% of the female and 28% of the male were first matured in the 1-year group ,and all of the 2-year group were matured .The mature females had the minimum size of 81 .0 mm in total body length and 9 .6 g in body weight with gonado-somatic index of 15% ,and the males were found to be matured at total body length of 103 .0 mm and body weight of 17 .3 g with gonado-somatic index of 5 .4% .The absolute fecundity (F) was ranged from 13260 to 34838 eggs ,with average 20803 ± 9682 .45 . The relative fecundity to weight (FW ) was ranged from 198 to 320 .4 eggs/g with average (266 .43 ± 51 .87) eggs/g .The eggs had diameter from 0 .5 mm to 1 .5 mm .The breeding populations included five age old classes ,but most consisting of 2-age old and 3-age old individuals .There were 370 females and 36 males in the breeding populations , with ratio of female to male = 10 ∶ 1 , and 8 ∶ 1 in the normal population ,with more young and significant difference in sexual ratio .So it should be paid more attention to breed and protect the crucian carp in CaoHai Lake .
		2013 Vol. (12): 701-705 [Abstract] ( 50 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (750 KB) ( 371 )

	706	The Effects of Salinity and Temperature on Survival and Metamorphosis in Zoea of Chinese Tiger Crab Orithyia sinica
		WEI Guo-qing,LI Xiao-dong,CAO Chen,XING Zuo-ping,SONG Song-wei,ZHONG Ling
		The effects of sharp and gradual changes in salinity (5 ,10 ,15 ,20 ,25 ,30 ,35 ,40 ,and 45) and temperature (0 ,5 ,10 ,15 ,20 ,25 ,30 ,35 ,and 40 ℃)on survival and metamorphosis in zoea of Chinese tiger crab Orithyia sinica were studied in a biochemical incubator by testing recovery to evaluate the adaptability of salinity and temperature by SPSS17 .0 .The results showed that the sudden and gradual changes in salinity and temperature led to significantly affect the larval survival and metamorphosis ( P<0 .01) . There was higher metamorphosis rate in gradual change groups than that in the sharp change groups except in the gradual change group at 25 ℃ .There was no significant difference in the tolerant capacity of salinity and temperature in zoea Ⅱ and zoea Ⅲ ,significantly higher than those in zoea Ⅰ .No significant difference in survival rate was observed in the zoea under sudden and gradual changes in salinity and temperature during recovery when the salinity and temperature were changed from 25 to other gradient at a rate of five degrees a day .The zoea showed a trend of increasing recovery capacity from zoea Ⅲ >zoeaⅡ >zoea Ⅰ .
		2013 Vol. (12): 706-712 [Abstract] ( 68 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (898 KB) ( 384 )

	713	Biochemical Changes and Energy Utilization during Embryonic Development and Metamorphosis in Hard Clam Mercenaria mercenaria
		XIA Chang-ge,LI Xiao-xu,SONG Jian,CHANG Ya-qing
		The levels of protein , total lipid and carbohydrate and energy utilization were studied in fertilized eggs , D-shaped larvae , and premetamorphic , and postmetamorphic larvae of hard clam (Mercenaria mercenaria) .The results showed that the fertilized eggs was composed of 47 .6% protein , 42 .2% lipid ,and 10 .2% carbohydrate ,with average energy of 0 .988 mJ per egg .Twenty-four hours after fertilization ,there were decrease in approximate composition at a rate 12 .5% of protein ,18 .8% of lipid , 13 .9% of carbohydrate ,and 15 .3% of energy per egg .During embryonic development ,total energy of 0 .161 mJ was expended by an embryo ,in which 26 .0% derived from protein ,68 .5% from lipid ,and 5 .4% from carbohydrate .During the metamorphosis , 25 .1% protein , 26 .6% lipid , and 19 .2%carbohydrate were exhausted by the larvae ,2 .111 mJ individually ,accounting for 44 .4% in protein , 35 .9% in lipid and 19 .2% in carbohydrate .The energy consumption was found in the metamorphosis as 13 times as in the embryogenesis .
		2013 Vol. (12): 713-716 [Abstract] ( 63 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (601 KB) ( 373 )

	717	The Effects of Starvation on Hormone Level and Approximate Composition in Crucian Carp Carassius auratus gibelio
		ZHU Yao-rong,SHEN Wen-ying,JIN Ye-fei,REN Gang
		The levels of triiodothyronine (T3 ) and insulin (INS) in serum and approximate composition in hepatopancreas and muscle were determined in crucian carp Carassius auratus gibelio with initial body weight of(82 .1 ± 4 .5) g starved for 3 ,7 ,14 and 28 days as treatments and fed as control with triplication (20 fish per group ,total of 120 fish) at water temperature of 22~25 ℃ .The results showed that the level of serum T3 was found significant decrease 7 , and 21d after starvation , and the level of serum INS significant decrease 7 ,21 ,28 d after starvation (P< 0 .05) .There were significantly lower glycogen contents in hepatopancreas and muscle 3 ,7 ,and 14 d after starvation than those in the control group (P<0 .05) .There was no significant difference in protein level and moisture in hepatopancreas and muscle in the fed fish and starved fish .The lipid contents in hepatopancreas and muscle were found to be rapidly decreased during starvation (P< 0 .05) .The reduction in serum T3 and INS levels was responsible for reduction in the metabolic rate w hich is the physiological responses for the fish to adapt the stress of starvation .
		2013 Vol. (12): 717-720 [Abstract] ( 72 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (774 KB) ( 265 )

	721	Analysis of Mitochondrial Genomic Structures in Bivalves
		MENG Xue-ping,SHEN Xin,ZHAO Na-na,TIAN Mei,ZHENG Li-bo,CHENG Han-liang,YAN Bin-lun,DONG Zhi-guo
		Bivalves mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA ) were retrieved from GenBank , and then the comparative analysis of the genomic structures were conducted to reveal the evolution of mitochondrial genomes in bivalves ,and the application of mitochondrial genome in the evolution and identification of related species. A total of 45 mtDNA sequences obtained ,ranging from 15 to 32 kb ,with average A+T content of 62. 9% ,were distributed in 5 orders in bivalves. Genes of most species were found to be distributed in the heavy chain ,and mitochondrial genes from Unionoida in the 2 chains. A few species (12 species from Unionoida ,2 species from Veneroida ,1 species from Mytiloida ,and 1 species from Myoida , species from oyster Crassostrea) mitochondrial genomes contain 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) ,and the remainings are comprised of 12 PCGs ,w hich are lack of AT P8 gene. The gene arrangements of PCGs and rRNAs are identical within same genus or family ,including 4 species from Meretrix ,4 species from Crassostrea ,11 species from Unionidae and Margaritiferidae , two species (Mytilus edulis and M. galloprovincialis) from mussel Mytilus. The gene arrangements of 10 mitochondrial genomes from Ostreidae can be divided into 7 types. There were no shared gene blocks in mitochondrial genomes from Pectinidae except similar gene structures were detected in bay scallop Argopecten irradians irradians f arreri(NC_012977)and A. irradians(NC_009687). The mussels Mytilus edulis and M. trossulus from Mytilidae have very similar genomic structures ,and the genomic structure of Musculista senhousia is very special with a duplicated cox2 genes. The gene arrangement of Hiatella arctica from Myoida is very different from other species. The proportions of non-coding regions in mitogenomes are ranged from 7.6%to 40.3% ,the major non-coding region ranging from 374nt to 4341nt in size in bivalves. The minimum divergence is found to be 0.2-1.0/0-1.0 in Meretrix ,0.4-2.0/0-3.2 in Mytilus and 1.9-13.9/0-6.4 in oyster Crassostrea based on nucleotides of PCGs genes/amino acids of proteins.
		2013 Vol. (12): 721-729 [Abstract] ( 118 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (1541 KB) ( 592 )

	730	Effects of pH Values on Digestive Enzyme Activity in Various Day Old Larvae of Pacific Cod Gadus macrocephalus
		GONG Xue,FAN Rui,JIANG Zhi-qiang,MENG Xiang-ke,SUN Yang,YANG Jing-jing
		Effects of pH values on activities of amylase and protease were studied in 1 ,16 ,and 28 day old larvae of Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus by means of enzyme analyses .The activities of amylase were found increase in the larvae first and then decrease with pH increasing within the designed pH ranges ,with the optimal pH of 7 .0 for 1 day old larvae ,7 .0~8 .0 for 16 day old ones and 7 .5 for 28 day old ones .The specific activities of protease were shown to have different effects ,with the optimum pH of 8 .0 for 1 day old larvae ,2 .6~3 .0 for 16 day old ones and 2 .6~3 .0 for 28 day old ones .With the organogenesis and development of tissues ,the optimal pH of amylase was found in weak alkaline ,while the optimal pH of protease was changed from alkalinity to acidity .
		2013 Vol. (12): 730-733 [Abstract] ( 92 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (859 KB) ( 233 )

	734	The Histology of Male Reproductive Organs and Spermatogenesis in Sailfin Molly Poecilia latipinna
		GUO En-mian
		The histological structure of male reproductive organs and spermatogenesis in ovoviviparous teleost sailfin molly ,Poecilia latipinna ,was studied by paraffin biopsy technology to promote the farming and cultivation of the ovoviviparous fish .The male reproductive organs of the sailfin molly were made up of lobular testis , seminal vesicle , vas deferens and mating organ . Within a seminiferous tubule , all spermatogenic cells were developed synchronously ,and the seminal vesicle was connected to posterior end of the testis with vas deferens .Left and right seminal vesicles converged together to a vas deferens .The spermatogenesis developed continuously through six phases as following :primary spermatogonium , secondary spermatogonium ,primary spermatocyte ,secondary spermatocyte ,spermatid and sperm .The fertilization rate was increased by the procedure that mature sperm was transported into the oviduct by a male ,forming spermatophores .
		2013 Vol. (12): 734-737 [Abstract] ( 47 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (8869 KB) ( 79 )

	738	The Experimental Culture of Hemibarbus labeo in Ponds
		JIANG Xiang-hui,LUO Xiao-nian,LIU Gang,JIN Guang-hai,LI Jing-wei
		In a 0.93 hm2 pond ,21500 individuals of Hemibarbus labeo with average body weight of 154g was co-cultured with 1500 individuals of silver carp ( Hypothalmichthys molitrix ) with average body weight of 100g for 138 days .At the end of the experiment ,the total yield of 11 669.4 kg including 10 510 kg of H .labeo with body weight of 502 .9g was obtained ,with food conversion ratio of 1.4 and profit of 471501 yuan RMB per hectare .
		2013 Vol. (12): 738-740 [Abstract] ( 53 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (625 KB) ( 331 )

	741	Growth of Giant Salamander (Andrias davidianus) Juveniles in Beijing
		HUANG Wen,SHENG Zhu-mei
		A total of 140 individuals of giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) with body weight of (51 .83 ± 9 .95) g were reared in appropriate environment in Beijing for 126 days .The giant salamander had body weight of (121 .96 ± 31 .97) g ,with net body weight gain of 70 .13 g ,and body weight gain rate of 137 .24% at the end of the experiment .The regression analysis of body length and body weight in different grow th periods using SPSS 19 .0 revealed that the significant correlation between the body length and body weight was described as equation with three function y = 23 .172-0 .046x2 + 0 .006x3 .
		2013 Vol. (12): 741-743 [Abstract] ( 51 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (628 KB) ( 282 )

	744	Advances in Nutritional and Physiological Effects of Xylo-oligosaccharides in Aquatic Animals：A Review
		CHEN Xiao-ying,HUANG Yan-hua,WANG Guo-xia,MO Wen-yan,FU Jing-jing,WU Chun-yu,CAO Jun-ming

		2013 Vol. (12): 744-748 [Abstract] ( 52 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (712 KB) ( 554 )

	749	A Review of Research on Intermuscular Bone Formation in Lower Teleosts
		FANG Lian-cong,LI Xue-jun

		2013 Vol. (12): 749-752 [Abstract] ( 79 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (588 KB) ( 413 )