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月刊，1984年创刊
主管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
主办：包头医学院
主编：赵云山
特邀主编：高长青
编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
邮发代号：16-292

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2014 Vol. , No. 9 Published: 2014-09-25

Article

	535	The Functional Diversity of Flora in Polyculture Ecosystem of Swimming Crab, Shrimp and Short-necked Clam
		LIU Rui-juan,TIAN Xiang-li,DONG Shuang-lin,ZHANG Kai,YANG Gang,YAN Fa-jun
		The functional diversity of flora was studied in four polyculture ecosystems including swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus ,Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis and short-necked clam Ruditapes philippinarum (B) ,swimming crab ,Pacific whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei ,and short-necked clam (C) ,swimming crab ,kuruma shrimp Marsupeaaeus japonicus ,and short- necked clam (D) ,and monoculture of swimming crab (A ,as control group) using ECO-BIOLOG kit .The results showed that there were different metabolisms of the flora and utilization strength of substrate carbon in various ecosys-tems during the culture period .(1) The flora had gradual increase in metabolic activity in Chinese shrimp , short-necked clam and swimming crab polyculture ecosystem as time elapsed .In the later experiment , there was significantly higher metabolic activity of the flora in B and C polyculture modes than that in A mode (monoculture mode) .(2) In the later experiment ,there was significantly higher utilization of sub-strate carbon in B and D polyculture modes than that in A mode (P<0 .05) .(3) In the later experiment , significant differences in Shannon index and Simpson index were observed in the flora in the different eco-systems (P<0 .05) .The McIntosh index ,however ,was significant difference during the entire experi-ment (P<0 .05) .The three diversity indices of the flora were significantly higher in the Chinese shrimp and white shrimp polyculture modes than that in the monoculture of swimming crab (P<0 .05) .The find-ings indicate that the ecosystem structure and function of the flora can be further improved by the polycul-ture swimming crab ,and short-necked clam with Pacific whiteleg shrimp .
		2014 Vol. (9): 535-544 [Abstract] ( 60 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (848 KB) ( 348 )

	545	Effects of Fructo-oligosaccharides and Mannan Oligosaccharides on Growth Performance and Serum Biochemical Indices of Juvenile Turbot Scophthalmus maximus
		ZHANG Xue,WU Li-xin,JIANG Zhi-qiang,LU Yuan-yuan,CHEN Wei
		A 42-day trial was conducted to study the influences of fructo-oligosaccharides and mannan oli-gosaccharides on growth performance and serum biochemical parameters in juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus weighing (20 .53 ± 0 .10) g in a lab at water temperature of 14-18 .5 ℃ .The juveniles were fed the diets containing fructo-oligosaccharides at a rate of 0% (as control group) ,0 .1% ,0 .2% and 0 .5% and mannan oligosaccharides at a rate of 0% (control group) ,0 .1% ,0 .2% and 0 .4% .The results showed that the fructo-oligosaccharides led to significant increase in weight gain rate ,specific growth rate ,energy apparent digestibility and serum urea content ,and to lower food conversion ratio (P<0 .05) .The total protein content was found to be elevated with increase in mannan oligosaccharides level (P> 0 .05) .The juveniles fed the diets containing mannan oligosaccharides had higher food conversion ratio ,food intake , and crude protein and dry matter apparent digestibility as well as the total protein content (P>0 .05) ,and lower triglyceride content (P>0 .05) .The weight gain rate and specific growth rate ,energy apparent di-gestibility and serum urea content were increased with increase in mannan oligosaccharide level ( P<0 .05) .It is concluded that both fructo-oligosaccharides and mannan oligosaccharides promote the grow th of the juvenile via improvement of nutritional absorption and metabolism of protein and lipid .
		2014 Vol. (9): 545-550 [Abstract] ( 100 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (606 KB) ( 266 )

	551	Effects of Cadmium Stress on Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes,Malonaldehyde Content and Cadmium Accumulation in Asian Swimming Crab Charybdis japonica
		XU Xing-hong,YAN Bin-lun,XU Jia-tao,PAN Nai-lu,TANG Yao,DU Dan-dan,ZHANG Yan-qiu
		The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) ,and content of malonalde-hyde (MDA) were determined in Asian swimming crab Charybdis japonica exposed to different cadmium (Cd) levels including 0 mg/L in control group ,0 .0025 mg/L and 0 .005 mg/L in LC groups ,0 .05 mg/L and 0 .1 mg/L in MC groups ,and 0 .25 mg/L and 0 .5 mg/L in HC groups 0 ,1 ,3 ,5 ,7 ,10 ,15 and 30 days after the exposure .The Cd accumulation was detected in the hepatopancreas ,muscle ,ovary ,and gill at the 30th day .The results showed that the SOD and CAT activities were found to be elevated first and then to be declined after Cd exposure ,with more rapid induction in MC groups ,and HC groups than in LC groups .On days 15 and 30 ,the activities of SOD and CAT were significantly lower in the treatment groups than those in the control group except in 0 .0025 mg/L group ,with significant negative correlation with Cd concentration(P<0 .05) .The MDA contents were first increased ,then declined and elevated in the groups with Cd concentrations of 0 .005 ,0 .05 and 0 .1 mg/L .However ,the constant increase in MDA contents were observed in HC groups ,even though there was no significant change in MDA contents in the 0 .0025 mg/L group .Until the 10th day after exposure ,the MDA contents were significantly higher in the treat-ment groups than that in the control ,showing a positive correlation with Cd concentration ,except in 0 .0025 mg/L group .There was more Cd accumulation in the hepatopancreas and gill ,while minute a-mounts of Cd was detected in the ovary and muscle in the HC groups .Significant effect-dosage relation-ships were observed between the accumulation content and Cd concentration in the hepatopancreas in the treatment groups .There were more Cd accumulation in the gills than that in hepatopancreas in MC and HC groups .
		2014 Vol. (9): 551-555 [Abstract] ( 62 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (714 KB) ( 267 )

	556	Effects of Rehmannia glutinosa and Small Peptide on Growth and Expression of Interleukin-8 in Common Carp Cy prinus carpio
		WANG Jun-li,LUO Yan-ting,HAO Guang,YAN Xiao,WU Chun,NIE Guo-xing
		The effects of Rehmannia glutinosa and marine source bioactive small peptide on growth and im-mune function in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were investigated to develop Rehmannia glutinosa and the small peptide as fish feed additives .In Experiment 1 ,540 common carp juveniles with body weight of (7 .46 ± 1 .06) g were randomly allocated into nine groups ,and fed basal diet (control group) ,the diets containing radix rehmanniae pow der at a dose of 2% and 4% ,the diets containing prepared rehmannia root powder at a dose of 2% and 4% ,the diets containing radix rehmanniae extract at a rate of 0 .5% ,and 1% , or the diets containing prepared rehmannia root extract at a dose of 0 .5% and 1% for 80 days .In Experi-ment 2 ,360 common carp juveniles with body weight of (5 .47 ± 0 .3) g were randomly allocated into four groups ,and fed the basal diet (control group ) ,and the diets containing small peptide at a rate of 5% , 10% and 15% for 80 days .At the end of the experiments ,the growth performance ,disease resistance and the IL-8(interleukin-8) mRNA expression in spleen were studied in the juveniles .The results showed that the higher expression of IL-8 in the spleen was found in the juveniles fed the diets containing all sorts of re-hmannia preparations and different doses of the small peptide ,significantly higher in 2% prepared rehman-nia root powder ,4% prepared rehmannia root powder ,1% radix rehmanniae extract ,0 .5% prepared reh-mannia root extract and 5% and 10% small peptide groups than those in the control groups ,indicating that Rehmannia glutinosa can significantly promote the growth and disease resistance of common carp .Therefore ,Re-hmannia glutinosa and marine source bioactive peptide are expected to become good fish feed additives .
		2014 Vol. (9): 556-561 [Abstract] ( 56 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (668 KB) ( 262 )

	562	Characterization of Bacterial Communities Associated with the Intestinal Tracts and Culture Environment of Sea Cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) in Different Culture Seasons
		LI Jian-guang,XU Yong-ping,LI Xiao-yu,WANG Li-li,BAO Peng-yun,PU Hong-yu,CHE Jian,WANG Xi-tao
		The aim of the study was to use a combination of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis tech-nology to evaluate the bacterial communities of artificial diet-fed sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) adults in different culture seasons .Overall ,the results showed that bacterial communities associated with sea cucumbers were considerable stable in different culture seasons ,little differences in the bacterial as-semblages .Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the most frequently observed species were γ-Pro-teobacteria and α-Proteobacteria ,additional species were β-Proteobacteria ,ε-Proteobacteria ,Spirochaet-ales ,Bacteroidetes ,Cytophagales and Chlamydiales groups .The dominant bacterial community composi-tion including V ibrio sp ., Roseobacter sp ., Photobacterium sp . in intestine samples ;V ibrio sp ., Ro-seobacter sp .,Cytophage sp .was the dominant group in the seawater samples ;while Vibrio sp .,Micro-coccus sp .,Pseudoalteromonas sp .,Photobacterium sp .,Chloroflexi sp .,Shewnella sp .,Pantoea sp ., X anthomonas sp .and ,A grobacterium sp .were the dominant group in the sediment samples .These find-ings provide the sequence foundation for the development of molecular assays that target sea cucumber bac-teria and probiotics .
		2014 Vol. (9): 562-568 [Abstract] ( 56 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (656 KB) ( 261 )

	569	Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Protein Isolates f rom Mantles of Yesso Scallop Patinopecten yessoensis
		YU Wei-wei,WANG Jing-wei,MA Yong-sheng,LIANG Shan-shan,LIU Jun-rong
		T raditional production of protein hydrolysates from scallop mantle directly is involved in out-standing flavor and safety issues .In this paper ,protein isolates were collected from mantle of yesso scallop Patinopecten yessoensis by pH shift processing and Protamex and Flavourzyme hydrolysis .The orthogonal test revealed that the hydrolysis was affected by enzyme addition level ,temperature ,time and pH .The optimal Protamex hydrolysis process was shown to be carried out under conditions of enzyme addition at a dose of 0 .075AU/g ,5h ,pH 7 .0 ,and 55 ℃ .The microorganism species composition and density and heavy metal levels were detected in the hydrolyzed protein isolates freeze-dried .Results showed that total colony counts were 280 cfu/g ,and that Bacillus coil was not detected .It was found that heavy metals were to some extent removed in the protein hydrolysates compared with the raw mantles .The findings in-dicate that the mantle protein isolates by the enzymatic process lead to an effective solution to the food fla-vors and food safety and provide a new way to make a full use of the scallop mantles .
		2014 Vol. (9): 569-573 [Abstract] ( 57 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (623 KB) ( 214 )

	574	Comparison of Reproductive Parameters in Pacific White Leg Shrimp Families
		YANG Yan-hao,HUANG Guang-hua,YANG Chun-ling,LU Xiao-hua,CHEN Xiao-han
		The reproductive parameters and correlationship of different families were compared in different families of Pacific white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei to investigate the reproductive ability of differ-ent families .The results showed that there were no significant differences in fecundity ,diameter of eggs , continuous spawning duration of females ,weight of spermatophore ,and spermatophore regeneration time in different families .The correlation coefficient between body weight and fecundity in females was 0 .314 , the correlation coefficient between weight of female and diameter of eggs 0 .067 ,the correlation coefficient between length of male and spermatophore weight 0 .214 ,the correlation coefficient between the weight of male and spermatophore weitht 0 .164 ,the correlation coefficient between the spermatophore regenerated time and body weight of male 0 .246 ,and the correlation coefficient between the spermatophore regenetated time and body length of male 0 .200 .The findings provide reference to the shrimp production and research .
		2014 Vol. (9): 574-577 [Abstract] ( 56 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (635 KB) ( 270 )

	578	Age and Growth of Crucian Carp Cauratus auratus in Caohai Lake
		WANG Jin-na,ZHOU Qi-chun,AN Miao,TAN Bing-chang,TAI Ding-min
		The age and growth of crucian carp Cauratus auratus found in alpine wetland Caohai Lake , Guizhou province ,were studied by scales as annual ring method .The results showed that there were 5 age classes ranging from 1 to 5 in the population of the crucian carp in CaoHai Lake ,with preponderant age classes of 1-3 years old ,accounting for 96 .34% of the total population .Most of the crucian carp had body length of 52 .0-240 .0 mm ,primarily within the range between 90 .0 mm and 150 .0 mm (81 .97% ) ,and body weight ranging from 4 .8 g to 582 .4 g ,mainly between 30 g and 120 g (83 .89% ) .The ratio of ♀ to♂was found to be 8∶1 ,more females than males in the crucian carp in CaoHai Lake ,and length-weight power function relationship of the crucian carp showed the exponent b =s with isometrical growth by scale annulus .The growth of the crucian carp was described as Von Bertalanffy equation ,with L∞ =259 .67 mm ,m∞ =481 .94 g ,k=0 .1537 ,t0 = -0 .6506 and body weight growth inflexion point of 6 .28 .Com-pared with 1980’s ,the simple age structure of the crucian carps in CaoHai Lake is featured by more small individuals and the declined population in the resources .
		2014 Vol. (9): 578-582 [Abstract] ( 67 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (673 KB) ( 433 )

	583	Histological Observation of Digestive and Nervous Systems in Water Fleas Tisbe f urcata Baird
		BAI Xue-feng,LI Hai-dong,SUN Hu-shan
		The digestive and nervous systems were studied in water fleas Tisbe f urcata Baird by histologi-cal method .The digestive system consisted of esophagus ,caecus ,midgut ,and hindgut lining with inner epithelial layer and outer muscle layer .There were secretory cells ,which secrete digestive enzymes ,in the epithelia of the caecus and midgut as a main function area of absorption and digestion .The nervous system comprised of brain cord ,whose nerve cells were primarily distributed above the brain ,ethnic distribution in the brain around ,and ventral nerve cord .Cranial nerve formed circumoesophageal ring in the esopha-gus ,and the ventral nerve cord contained two incomplete coalescence of nerve fibers and nerve cells .Nerve fibers taper and the nerve cells were gradually reduced from chest to abdomen in number .Neurons were found bigger in the brain than in ventral nerve cord .
		2014 Vol. (9): 583-586 [Abstract] ( 56 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (661 KB) ( 227 )

	587	Acute Toxicity of Bromo -geraminum to Chinese Tiger Crab Orithyia sinica Larvae
		LU Wei,CAO Chen,XING Zuo-ping,HAO Yong-fang,SONG Song-wei,WANG Tian-qi
		Acute toxicity of bromo-geraminum to zoea (Z) and megalopa (M ) in Chinese tiger crab Orithy-ia sinica was studied at water temperature of 25-26 ℃ and a salinity of 22 .It turned out that the endur-ance capacity of Chinese tiger crab larvae to bromo-geraminum was changed over time .The LC50 value(me-dium lethal concentration) in 36 h was ranged as M >Z3 > Z2 >Z1 ,while in 48 h M>Z2 > Z3 > Z1 .The LC50 of bromo-geraminum in 48 h was found to be 22 .934 mg/L in Z3 ,32 .972 mg/L in Z2 ,28 .919 mg/L in Z1 ,and 48 .837 mg/L in M ,with safe concentration of 0 .8982 ,1 .8009 ,0 .9162 ,and 3 .6367 mg/L from Z1 to M in turn .It is suggested that the safe concentration be 0 .8982 mg/L during larva breeding of Chi-nese tiger crab .
		2014 Vol. (9): 587-590 [Abstract] ( 80 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (591 KB) ( 263 )

	591	Anti-Thrombin Activity Analysis and Effects of Cryopreservation on Anticoagulant Activity of Four Species of Leeches
		LI Jun,YU Xiang,ZHANG Jian,ZHANG Tao,GONG Yuan,JIN Guang-hai
		The anti-thrombin activity was studied in four species of leeches Poecilobdella manillensis , Hirudo nipponia ,Erpobdellaoctoculata and Whitmania pigra ,and cryopreservation (-20 ℃) on anti-coagulant activity was investigated in leech P .manillensis by anti-thrombin bioactivity method at (24 ± 2)℃ .The results showed that anti-thrombin bioactivity of four species of leeches were in the following de-creasing order :P .manillensis ,H .nipponia ,W .pigra and E .octoculata ,and the anti-thrombin bioac-tivity were (106 .39 ± 48 .57) U/g ,(29 .44 ± 11 .31) U/g ,(8 .06 ± 0 .48) U/g and (0 .00 ± 0 .00) U/g ,re-spectively .Extracts of P .manillensis had higher anti-thrombin activity than that of other species of lee-ches (P<0 .01) .Anticoagulant activities of P .manillensis preserved in -20 ℃ were (134 .72 ± 51 .11) U/g for 0 month ,(117 .33 ± 16 .04) U/g ,for 2 months ,(76 .16 ± 20 .60) U/g for 16 months ,(41 .94 ± 4 .11) U/g for 24 months and (21 .39 ± 0 .96) U/g for 34 months .The anticoagulant activity of P .ma-nillensis was negatively correlated to months of cryopreservation .
		2014 Vol. (9): 591-593 [Abstract] ( 49 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (593 KB) ( 588 )

	594	Research Progress on Metal Ion Stress and Induction to Metallothionein in Aquatic Animals：A Review
		LI Shi-yi,SUN Ji-peng,YI Rui-zao,HONG Zhuan,CHEN Fa-he

		2014 Vol. (9): 594-600 [Abstract] ( 67 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (622 KB) ( 563 )