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月刊，1984年创刊
主管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
主办：包头医学院
主编：赵云山
特邀主编：高长青
编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
邮发代号：16-292

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2015 Vol. 35, No. 11 Published: 2015-11-25

Article

	667	Antioxidant Enzyme System in Gills of Shrimp Exopalaemon carinicauda Challenged with Vibrio anguillarum
		DUAN Yafei,LIANG Junping,LI Jitao,WANG Yun,ZHANG Zhe,LI Jian,LIU Ping
		The total antioxidant capacity and the mRNA expression levels of glutathione peroxide reduc‐tase ,catalase ,superoxide dismutase ,peroxiredoxin and glutathione S‐transferase genes w ere investigated in gills of healthy shrimp Exopalaemon carinicauda with body weight of (1 .18 ± 0 .35) g injected with sterile 0.86% saline solution and bacterium V ibrio anguillarum 0 ,3 ,6 ,12 ,24 ,48 ,and 72 h after injec‐tion to study the effect of V . anguillarum challenge on the antioxidant enzyme defense system of the shrimp .The results showed that the total antioxidant capacity in gills were found to be increased signifi‐cantly in the shrimp challenged with V .anguillarum ,to the peak value 6 h after administration ,and then decreased gradually to a lower level than in the shrimp in the control in 48 h challenge compared with the shrimp in the control group (P<0 .05) .The expression level of glutathione peroxidase gene in the gills of the shrimp challenged with V . anguillarum was up‐regulated significantly to the peak 12 h after chal‐lenged (P<0 .05) ,then recovered to the level in the shrimp in the control group at 48 h .There was no significant changes in the expression level of catalase gene at first 6 h ,then up‐regulated at 12 h ,with the maximal level at 24 h (P<0 .05) .The same change tendency of superoxide dismutase and peroxide reduc‐tase gene expression were observed in the shrimp challenged with V .anguillarum ,increased to the peak at 3 h ,then kept a stable low level from 6 h to 72 h .The expression of glutathione S‐transferase gene was increased significantly to the peak level at 6 h ,and then decreased to the control group level gradually at 24 and 48 h .The findings indicated that V .anguillarum challenge had noticeable impact on antioxidant en‐zyme defense system in gills of the shrimp and the activities of antioxidant enzymes ,and the parameters measured in the present study were regarded as a monitor indicator for Vibrio diseases .
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 667-672 [Abstract] ( 119 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (864 KB) ( 265 )

	673	Epidemic Characteristics of Different Species of Aeromonas in Diseased Fish in Southern China
		ZHANG Defeng,LIU Lihui,LI Ningqiu,REN Yan,LIN Qiang,SHI Cunbin,WU Shuqin
		In this study ,143 bacterial strains were isolated from 15 species of diseased fishes including grasscarp(Ctenopharyngodonidellus),silvercarp(Hypophthalmichthysmolitrix),bigheadcarp(Aris‐tichthys nobilis) ,crucian carp (Carassius auratus) ,mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) ,channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) ,snakehead (Channa argus) and red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) in 70 ponds in southern China ,and identified by physiological and biochemical analysis ,and phylogenetic analysis .Phy‐logenetic tree of the bacterial strains was constructed by sequencing of the gyr B and rpo D genes .The re‐sults showed that the 80 isolates were identified as Aeromonas veronii ,40 isolates as A .hydrophila ,9 i‐solates as A . j andaei ,10 isolates as A .schubertii and 4 isolates as A .aquariorum ,indicating that A ero‐monas spp .as the pathogens of fish in southern China had diversity ,A .veronii (80/143 ,56% ) as primary species of Aeromonas infecting grass carp ,silver carp and mandarin fish .A .hydrophila (40/143 ,28% ) was found in bighead carp ,black bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) and channel catfish .In addition , the A . j andaei (9/143 ,6% ) had hosts of grass carp ,bighead carp ,black bream and koi carp (Cy p rinus carpi) ,but A .schubertii (10/143 ,7% ) had the host only the snakehead .To the best of our knowledge , the A .aquariorum was only found in diseased red drum in China .The findings indicated that A .veronii and A .hydrophila were the primary pathogens of motile aeromonad septicaemia in fish and the mixed in‐fections were often occurred due to the two species ,which will provide a rational framework for explora‐tion of epidemiological analysis ,prevention and treatment of the A eromonas spp .in fish diseases .
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 673-682 [Abstract] ( 75 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (1340 KB) ( 266 )

	683	Observation of Embryonic and Early Larval Development of Schizothorax wangchiachii
		LIU Yang,ZHU Tingbing,WU Xingbing,YAN Wenbin,YANG Deguo
		The embryonic and larval development was observed in fertilized eggs of Schizothorax wangchi‐achii collected via artificial reproduction in December of 2014 .It was found that the mature eggs was light yellow in color ,and had diameter of (3 .18 ± 0 .17) mm and (3 .96 ± 0 .25) mm via water absorption .The blastodisc stage was observed in 3 .17 h ,and then the blastula and gastrula stages began in 16 h and 47 h , and the neural plate stage appeared in 60 .67 h ,and the myomere occurred in 74 .67 h at water temperature of 19-21 ℃ ,with an average of 13 .68 ℃ .The fertilized eggs were hatched in 192 .5 h ,with the sum ef‐fective accumulative temperature of 2633 .68 h · ℃ .The newly hatched larvae had total length of (10 .88 ± 0 .41) mm ,inflated air bladder to swim horizontally and exhausted yolk sac in 13 d and 18 d post hatching , indicating that there was to some extent differences in the characteristics of embryonic development be‐tween S .w angchiachii and the other members in Schizothoracinae .
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 683-689 [Abstract] ( 77 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (2002 KB) ( 412 )

	690	Effect of Replacement Percentage of Commercial Feed by Snails on Yield and Water Quality in Chinese Mitten Handed Crab Culture
		WANG Haihou,SHEN Mingxing,LU Changying,SHI Linlin,ZHOU Xinwei,JIN Meijuan
		Snail (Bellamya quadrata) was fed Chinese mitten handed crab (Eriocheir sinensis) as the re‐placement of commercial feed to mitigate nitrogen and phosphorus load in water in culture ponds .Chinese mitten handed crab was reared in a small pond ,and fed snails (a total of 6000 kg/hm2 ) and commercial feed (a total of 4500 kg/hm2 ) as a control group ,and fed the diets containing 0% ,25% ,50% ,75% ,and 100% of snails in the treatment groups to evaluate the effects of snail substitution ratios on yield ,water quality and economic benefits in Chinese mitten handed crab culture .Results showed that there was a quadratic curve relationship between the crab yield and snail substitution percentage ,indicating that crab yields and gross profits were all shown to be significant correlation with snail substitution ratios .Increase in the ratios of snail led to decrease in nitrogen contents in the water in the treatment groups while the phosphorus contents in the water in the treatment groups were less affected by the substitution ratios of snails .The median value of total nitrogen content in waters in the treatment groups were all lower than the standard of V water quality ,and the median value of total phosphorus content were all lower than the standard of Ⅲ water quality in the treatment groups .Comprehensive analysis of effects of replacement of commercial feed by snails on yields ,nutrients contents ,and economic benefits revealed that the optimal snail substitution ratios were recommended to be 37 .85% -51 .25% ,if substitution ratio was calculated by 40% ,the optimal snail feeding rate w as 14 550 kg/hm2 ,and the commercial feed 2700 kg/hm2 .
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 690-695 [Abstract] ( 97 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (1243 KB) ( 379 )

	696	Effects of Carbohydrates on Transcription of Five Key Genes Involved in Lipid Metabolism in Hepatopancreas of Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella
		SUN Junjun,LU Ronghua,CHANG Zhiguang,QIN Chaobin,YANG Feng,NIE Guoxing
		In current intensive aquaculture ,the hepatopancreatic lipid metabolic disorderis are serious in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) ,and has caused the attention of people .The transcriptional effects of carbohydrates on the five key genes involved in lipid metabolism in hepatopancreas of grass carp were in‐vestigated in vivo and in vitro in order to get the exact regulatory mechanisms of carbohydrates on lipid me‐tabolism in grass carp .The expression levels of sterol regulatory element‐binding protein‐1c (SREBP‐1c) , peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptorα(PPARα) and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC) were analyzed in hepatopancreas of grass carp fed the diets containing low‐carbohydrates (24% ) and high carbohydrates (42% ) using quantitative real‐time fluorescent PCR technology .T he histological observation w as conduc‐ted in hepatopancreas of grass carp fed the diets containing low and high carbohydrates by H‐E staining . The SREBP‐1c ,fatty acid synthase (FAS) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene expression patterns in vitro hepatocytes treated with different concentrations of glucose were detected by the quantitative real‐time flu‐orescent PCR .The results showed that there were significant higher relative expression levels of SREBP‐1c and ACC in the high carbohydrate group than in the control and in low carbohydrate group (P<0 .05) , without significantly differences in relative expression level of PPARα between the high carbohydrate group and the low carbohydrate group (P > 0 .05) .The histological observation revealed that fat accumu‐lation was induced in the hepatopancreas ,and the expression level of SREBP‐1c ,FAS and LPL was in‐creased first and then decreased with the increasing concentrations of glucose in the hepatocyte cultures , with the maximal level of SREBP‐1c at 10 mmol/L ,and the maximal FAS and LPL at 20 mmol/L in grass carp fed the high carbohydrate diet ( P< 0 .05 ) . T he findings suggested that the expression levels of SREBP‐1c ,FAS ,and LPL were adjusted by dietary glucose ,which may further regulate the transforma‐tion of carbohydrate into fat .T he research data can enrich the glucose metabolism regulation mechanism in fish ,and is expected to provide a theoretical basis for improvement of utilization efficiency of carbohydrates in fish feed .
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 696-701 [Abstract] ( 168 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (1384 KB) ( 574 )

	702	Ontogenetic Histological Development of Digestive Organ in Post-embryonic Loach
		SUN Dexing,ZHAO Xingwen,BU Haiping,SUN Shuhao
		Ontogenetic development of digestive organ was histologically studied in loach Misgurnus an‐guillicaudatus from 3 days old to 11 days old under a microscope .Results showed that the larvae had a basic digestive system for initial feeding at 3 days old ,rudiment intestinal breathing at 5 days old ,perfect‐ive intestinal digestion at 8 or 9 days old ,and complete digestive and respiratory system at 11 days old .
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 702-707 [Abstract] ( 59 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (2745 KB) ( 219 )

	708	Assessment Methods of Red Tide Disaster Risk:a Case in Liaoning Coast
		ZHANG Xiaoxia,XU Zizhou,CHENG Jiayi,SHAO Mihua
		A disaster risk index and vulnerability index evaluation model ,a red tide disaster risk evaluation index system ,is established by theory of red tide disaster risk as one of the main marine disasters in Chi‐na ,by entropy method and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and by red tide disaster data in Liaoning coastal cities in the past 70 years to determine the index weight ,and to make disaster risk classification . The risk assessment results revealed that Dalian was within a high level of risk ;Dandong ,Yingkou and Huludao were found in the medium level of risk ,while Panjin and Jinzhou belong to the low level of risk . The evaluation results are primarily consistent with red tide disasters statistics data in past ten years ,indi‐cating that this method is significance for red tide disaster risk definition and prevention in Liaoning coastal cities .
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 708-713 [Abstract] ( 70 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (986 KB) ( 381 )

	714	Measurement of Unicellular Alga Density Using a Turbidimeter
		WANG Zufeng,ZHANG Jianqiang,PANG Hongshuai,YANG Shen,DANG Ziqiao,ZHANG Min,LU Xiaoqian,ZHOU Wei
		The turbidity signal values of algae Chlorella sp .,Nitzschiaclosterium ,Isochrysis galbana and Platymonas subcordiformis were measured to estimate the different unicellular alga density by a turbidim‐eter .There was a significant linear correlation (P<0 .001) between turbidity signal value and unicellular alga density with function eguations as y= 3 .529x+ 534 .67(r2 = 0 .997) ,y= 6 .4207x+ 78.678(r2 =0.994) ,y=14 .107x+492 .37(r2 =0 .998)and y=226 .32x+431 .08(r2 =0 .997) ,respectively .The find‐ings provided a convenient and accurate measurement of unicellular algae density .
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 714-717 [Abstract] ( 66 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (734 KB) ( 267 )

	718	Stock Distribution of Whelk Neptunea arthritica Crosse in Liaodong Bay
		GUO Dong,LIU Xiuze,WANG Aiyong,WANG Bin,LI Yiping,Dong Jing
		The stock distribution of whelk Neptunea arthritica Crosse was surveyed in Liaodong Bay using bottom trawlers in June ,August ,September ,and November of 2012 .The whelk was primarily found in the Laotie Mountain waterways near Port Arthur and the imaginary line extending from Changxing Island to Liugu River .Relative biomass of the whelk were shown to be slightly positive correlation to the salinity at ocean floor ;significantly positively correlated to water depth ,and negative relationship to bottom tem‐perature in June ,August and September ,but slightly positive relationship in November .Whelk N . ar‐thritica was mainly fund in the gravel and sand bottom of sea .
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 718-721 [Abstract] ( 71 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (1956 KB) ( 337 )

	722	Observation of Life Cycle and Control of Parasite Amyloodinium ocellatum at Cyst Stage
		ZHANG Yi,HUANG Weiqing,HAN Kunhuang,LIU Zhaokun,KE Qiaozhen,CHEN Jia,CHEN Shixi
		The theronts of parasite A myloodinium ocellatum were collected from infected large yellow croaker ,L arimichthys crocea ,and placed on the concave glass for observation of the continuously splitting process .It was found that the theronts had diameter of 61 .3-112 .7 μm ,and reproduction with two divi‐sion ways ,one time increase in cell quantity by each completed cell division .Most of the theronts devel‐oped into two cell phase in 8-12 h ,then completed a division every 4-10 h at water temperature of 27-29 ℃ ,with the maximum 8 times and the minimum 2 times .The spores were hatched from all the theronts with different division frequency in 48 -66 h .The obvious removal of the theronts were observed in the gill filaments of the large yellow croaker exposed to mixture of copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate .
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 722-725 [Abstract] ( 72 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (912 KB) ( 404 )

	726	Research Progress in Reproductive Behavior of Greenlings (Hexagrammida:Hexagrammos)
		DUAN Yan,DONG Jing,LI Mengyao

		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 726-732 [Abstract] ( 68 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (659 KB) ( 502 )