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  • 月刊，1984年创刊
    主 管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
    主 办：包头医学院
    主 编：赵云山
    特邀主编：高长青
    编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
    国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
    国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
    邮发代号：16-292
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2020 Vol. 39, No. 1
Published: 2020-01-25
Research and Application
Overview and Specific Topic
 
       Research and Application
1 Effects of Dietary Calcium and Phosphorus Levels on Growth,Body Composition, Tissue Calcium and Phosphorus Deposition andSerum Biochemical Indices in Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
AN Wenqiang, LI Wenwei, TAN Beiping, YANG Qihui, CHI Shuyan, DONG Xiaohui, LIU Hongyu, ZHANG Shuang, YANG Yuanzhi, ZHANG Haitao
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.01.001
Juvenile Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei with initial body weight of (4.2±0.15) g were cultured in a 0.30 m3 glass fiber reinforced plastics barrel and fed diets containing 0%, 0.5% and 1.0% of calcium (Ca) prepared by calcium lactate and containing 0%, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2% and 1.6% of phosphorus (P) prepared by sodium dihydrogen phosphate at water temperature of 28—31 ℃ and a salinity of 21—24 for 8 weeks to investigate the effects of dietary calcium and phosphorus levels on growth, body composition, tissue calcium and phosphorus deposition and serum biochemical indices in Pacific white shrimp. It was found that dietary Ca, and P levels and the interaction of Ca and P levels significantly affected the weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency, feed conversion ratio and survival rate of the shrimp (P<0.01). The contents of crude protein and crude lipid in muscle and crude protein in whole body of shrimp were significantly affected by dietary Ca and P levels (P<0.01). The interaction of dietary Ca and P levels led to significantly affect the contents of crude protein in whole body and crude protein and crude lipid in muscle (P<0.01). Dietary Ca levels significantly affected the contents of Ca and P in whole body and exoskeleton and P in muscle in the shrimp (P<0.01), and significantly affected the content of Ca in muscle (P<0.05). The dietary P levels and interaction of Ca and P levels significantly affected the content of Ca and P in whole body, muscle and exoskeleton in shrimp (P<0.01). There was no significant effect of Ca and P levels and interaction of dietary Ca and P levels on the content of serum calcium ion (P>0.05). The analysis of break-line model revealed that the maximal specific growth rate was observed in the shrimp fed the diet containing 0.5% Ca and 0.88% P under the conditions of this experiment.
2020 Vol. 39 (1): 1-11 [Abstract] ( 364 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (16535 KB)  ( 270 )
12 Effects of Probiotics Level on Growth Performance and Intestinal Florain Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus
WANG Ying, SONG Ming, ZHANG Jinhua, ZHOU Qiubai, ZHANG Zhengzhou, WANG Zirui, YANG Zhuqing
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.01.002
Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) with body weight of (110.23±0.43) g was reared in a covered net cage (3 m×2 m×1.2 m) at water temperature of 25—30 ℃ and fed diets containing Bacillus, Lactobacillus, and Saccharomyces probiotics (8.0×109 cfu/g) at a dose of 0% (control group), 0.5% and 2% for 60 days to investigate the effects of probiotics on the intestinal structure, flora and enzyme activities of grass carp. It was found that there were significant increase in weight gain rate and specific growth rate and significant decrease in ratio of viscera to body weight and food conversion ratio in the grass carp fed the diet containing 2% of probiotics (P<0.05). There were significantly increase in intestinal extension rate, midgut muscle layer thickness, and villus height and the activities of midgut amylase and lipase in the grass carp fed the diet containing 2% of probiotics (P<0.05). Increase in diversity, and abundance in intestinal flora and composition of intestinal microorganisms was observed in the grass carp fed the diets containing different proportions of probiotics. At the phylum level, the maximal contents of Clostridium (63.56%) and Firmicutes (32.52%) were found in grass carp in the control group, and the maximal contents of clostridium (61.82%) and firmicutes (20.27%) in the intestinal microorganisms in grass carp in the 0.5% group, with the maximal content of firmicutes(64.20%) in 2% group. At the genus level, the dominant bacteria in the intestinal tract of grass carp in the 2% group were directly changed, and the abundance of Paeniclostridium and Erysipelatoclostridium was increased significantly. The metabolic function of intestinal microorganisms was enhanced, and the abundance of bacteria related to the functions of inorganic ion transport and metabolism, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, and amino acid transport and metabolism was increased with the increase in the dose of the probiotics. It can be concluded that supplementation of probiotics composed of Bacillus, Lactobacillus and Saccharomyces in the feed can be an important measure to produce green feed for grass carp.
2020 Vol. 39 (1): 12-21 [Abstract] ( 228 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (20912 KB)  ( 144 )
22 Sequences Comparison and Expression Analysis of Genes Involvedin MyD88 Dependent Pathway in Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus
SUN Hongjuan, ZHENG Zhiliang, WANG Jihui, ZHOU Zunchun
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.01.003
Amino acid sequences comparison of Toll, MyD88, IRAK4, TRAF6, P105 and Rel in Toll like receptor signaling pathway was performed on their conserved domains in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus to seek for interaction sites in order to explore the immune regulation mechanism of sea cucumber. Quantitative real-time PCR was selected to examine genes expression in coelomocytes of sea cucumber challenged with pathogen Vibrio splendidus. It was found that the expression levels of Toll were all inhibited except in significant up-regulation in 12 h challenge. MyD88 and TRAF6 showed consistent expression pattern and were up-regulated to the top point in 12 h challenge. IRAK4 was up-regulated at 12 h and recovered at 48 h. Rel and P105 were homologues of NFκB with similar domains and showed the same expression pattern. The comparisons of amino acid sequences revealed that there was a conserved TLR signaling pathway. After V. splendidus challenge, these six genes were collaboratively involved in signal transduction and immune response in sea cucumber.
2020 Vol. 39 (1): 22-29 [Abstract] ( 215 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (13081 KB)  ( 121 )
30 Molecular Cloning, Sequence Structure and Expression Analysisof Gonadal Aromatase Gene in Puffer Takifugu obscures
GAO Yingying, LIU Xinfu, HU Peng, HUANG Bin, LIU Bin
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.01.004
The gonadal aromatase gene (cyp19a) was a kind of gene that regulates the sex hormone balance. The purpose of this study was to preliminarily investigate the role of gonadal aromatase gene in gonad development and sex differentiation in puffer Takifugu obscurus, and we successfully cloned the full-length cDNA sequence of cyp19a in puffer through RACE and Real-Time PCR technology. The full length of cyp19a sequence was 1786 bp, encoding 514 amino acids, and sharing the maximal homology with the genes of puffer T. rubripes and T. niphobles. The amino acid sequence analysis showed that the protein encoded by cyp19a was hydrophilic and stable protein, but there is no signal peptide sequence. There were 38 phosphorylation sites, 4 N-glycosylation sites, 2 transmembrane domains in the sequence. Meanwhile, the multiple amino acid sequence alignment showed that the amino acid sequence of gonadal aromatase was very conservative in both mammalian and fish, and contained some functional conservative regions such as the transmembrane region, I-helix region, Ozol′s peptide region, aromatase-specific conserved region and heme binding region. Furthermore, expression analysis showed that the cyp19a was highly abundant in ovary and muscle, but less abundant in other tissues. The expression of cyp19a in the ovary of juvenile fish at different developmental stages showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing rapidly, without in the testis. The findings indicated that cyp19a may be involved in the development of ovarian after gonad differentiation, maintenance of female characteristics and development of other tissues in female puffer.
2020 Vol. 39 (1): 30-39 [Abstract] ( 172 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (29608 KB)  ( 122 )
40 Correlation and Path Analysis of Phenotypic Traits in Different GeographicalGroups of Manila Clam Ruditapes philippinarum
LIANG Jian, WANG Junjie, GUO Yongjun, LI Yongren, YAN Xiwu
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.01.005
The shell length (SL), shell height (SH), shell width (SW), live body weight (mL), wet soft part weight (mM) and dry soft part weight (mF) were measured and their correlation coefficients analyzed among Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum from southern group farming in the north (SN), northern indigenous group (NN) and southern indigenous group (SS) by correlation and path analysis to provide theoretical basis and measurement index for selection and breeding of Manila clam. It was found that the correlation coefficients between each shell morphological trait and mL or mM were all very significant in different geographical groups of Manila clam (P<0.01), even though there was no significant difference in morphological indices among different geographical groups of the clam (P＞0.05). The analysis of determinant coefficient showed that the main phenotypic traits affecting WM were not the same among different geographical groups, with the maximal direct effect of SW, and the secondary indirect effect of SW through SH in SN population; SL being the main factor through SH in NN population; the main direct effect of SH, and the indirect effect of SL through SH in SS population.The independent variables with inconspicuous test of the path coefficient were deleted, and the optimal regression equation of the mM of the clams was established by using the stepwise regression method: SN group mM1=-4.276+0.211SH+0.116SW; NN group mM2=-2.806+0.088SL+0.087SH; SS group mM3=-3.101+0.290SH.
2020 Vol. 39 (1): 40-47 [Abstract] ( 184 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (12559 KB)  ( 183 )
48 Characterization of Hematopoiesis in Red Snapper Lutjanus argentimaculatus
ZHONG Aihua, MOU Yi, GAO Hang, WANG Wenhong
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.01.006
Red snapper Lutjanus argentimaculatus weighing 510—620 g was anaesthetized with MS-222 and dissected to sample head kidney, pronephros, liver and spleen which were dissected with a clean blade. The prints and smears were stained with Wright-Giemsa staining solution for 10 minutes, and the head kidney, pronephros, spleen, liver and peripheral blood were observed. Head kidney, pronephros and spleen are their hematopoietic organs, and head kidney can develop into various types of blood cells, body kidney can produce red blood cells, lymphocytes, granulocytes and monocytes, and spleen can produce lymphocytes. The developments of erythrocyte, granulocyte, lymphocyte, and monocyte were found in the pronephros, and the developments of erythrocyte, granulocyte, lymphocyte and monocyte were observed in the kidney and the developments of lymphocyte in the spleen. There were no immature blood cells in liver smears, no doubt that the liver was not the hematopoietic organ. The developmental stage of erythroid was subdivided into five stage:proerythroblast, basophilic erythroblast, polychromatic erythroblast, orthochromatic erythroblast and erythrocyte. The primary granulocytes developed into early granulocytes and then differentiated into basophil, eosinophil and neutrophil. The developmental stage of lymphocyte and monocyte was subdivided:primitive, young and mature. During the development, the cell body and nucleus were smaller gradually in size, and the chromatin was changed from loose to dense. In granulocytes, particles were changed from less to more.
2020 Vol. 39 (1): 48-54 [Abstract] ( 144 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (14804 KB)  ( 102 )
55 Effects of Nano-zinc and Nano-zinc-polysaccharide on Growth and Immunity inRainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss
FAN Ying, LI Le, YU Xiaoqing, HU Fawen, LI Tianbao, YE Haibin, DIAO Jing
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.01.007
A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of nano-zinc and nano-zinc-polysaccharide on growth and immune in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Three hundreds individuals of rainbow trout with body weight of (120±3.0) g were randomly allotted to 5 groups (3 replicates and each 20 fish), and injected 1000, and 3000 mg/kg nano-zinc and nano-zinc-polysaccharide according to 1 μL/g body weight and fed a basal diet supplemented with nano-zinc and its polysaccharide for 10 days. The results showed that nano-zinc and nano-zinc-polysaccharide differently promoted the special growth rate (P＜0.05). The percentage of NBT in the 1000 mg/kg nano-zinc-polysaccharide was increased by 22.3% (P<0.05) on the third day, with the maximal phagocytic percent in the 3000 mg/kg nano-zinc-polysaccharide on the sixth day. The serum bactericidal percent in the 3000 mg/kg nano-zinc was increased by 19.4% (P<0.05) on the third day, but that in the 3000 mg/kg nano-zinc-polysaccharide was increased by 32.43% (P<0.05) on the sixth day. The activities of catalase (CAT) and NOS in the serum of rainbow trout in the 1000 mg/kg nano-zinc-polysaccharide group were 26.39 U/mL and 43.38 U/mL(P<0.05) on the third day; the activities were 29.9 U/mL in SOD, 201.4 U/L in ACP, and content of 3.19 nmol/mL in MDA (P<0.05) on the sixth day. After the feeding trial, Aeromonas salraonicida injection challenged during 7 d was executed to test the effects of nano-zinc and nano-zinc-polysaccharide. There was mortality of 30% in the 1000 mg/kg nano-zinc-polysaccharide group. It is concluded that supplementation of nano-zinc and nano-zinc-polysaccharide can improve the immunity of rainbow trout, and that 1000 mg/kg nano-zinc-polysaccharide is the optimal dose.
2020 Vol. 39 (1): 55-62 [Abstract] ( 147 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (16419 KB)  ( 110 )
63 Comparison of Nutrient Composition in Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idellusCultured in Spring Flowing Water and in a Routine Pond
CHEN Xiaolei, CUI Kai, ZHOU Beibei, BAO Junjie, LIN Yanfeng, MA Chaobin
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.01.008
The approximate nutrient composition, contents of mineral elements, collagen, amino acids and fatty acids and muscular antioxidant capacity were comparatively analyzed in grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, with body weight of 1500—1750 g, cultured in spring flowing water and in a routine pond by generic methods in order to compare the differences in muscular quality in grass carp farmed in different waters. The results showed that there were significantly lower moisture, and contents of crude fat, K and Na in muscle of the grass carp farmed in spring flowing water than those in the grass carp farmed in the routine ponds (P＜0.05). However, there were significantly higher contents of crude protein, ash, P, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn and Se in muscle of the grass carp farmed in spring flowing water than those in the grass carp farmed in the routine ponds (P＜0.05). The grass carp farmed in spring flowing water had significantly higher content of insoluble collagen and superoxide dixmutase (SOD) activity than the grass carp farmed in the routine ponds did (P＜0.05), with lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content in grass carp farmed in spring flowing water (P＜0.05). A total of 18 amino acids were detected in muscles of grass carp farmed in both cultural patterns, significantly higher contents of total amino acids (TAA) and essential amino acids (EAA) in grass carp farmed in spring flowing water than those in grass carp farmed in the routine ponds (P＜0.05).There was 5.6% of delicious amino acid contents in grass carp farmed in spring flowing water and 5.35% of delicious amino acid contents in grass carp farmed in the routine ponds, with higher amino acid score (AAS), chemical score (CS) and essential amino acid index (EAAI) in grass carp farmed in spring flowing water than those in grass carp farmed in the routine ponds. The grass carp farmed in spring flowing water had significantly lower saturated fatty acid (SFA) and mono- unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) than the grass carp farmed in the routine ponds did (P＜0.05), with significantly higher level of poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in muscle of grass carp farmed in spring flowing water than that in grass carp farmed in the routine ponds (P＜0.05). In conclusion, the grass carp farmed in spring flowing water showed higher nutritional value in the muscle than the grass carp farmed in the routine ponds did.
2020 Vol. 39 (1): 63-71 [Abstract] ( 197 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (14684 KB)  ( 93 )
72 Effects of Water Temperature and Macroalga Species on Feeding, Respirationand Ammonia Excretion of Sea Urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus
SHI Jiageng, FENG Yanwei, JIANG Xu, LIU Xiangquan
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.01.009
In this study, sea urchin (Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus) with initial body weight of (0.55±0.16) g were reared in a 0.3 m×0.4 m×0.5 m white plastic tank at stocking density of 100 individuals per tank and overfed five common species of macoralgae Undaria pinnatifida, Leathesia difformis, Ulva pertusa, Enteromorpha intestinalis, and Chaetomorpha moniligera to study the feeding selectivity of sea urchin for algae by calculation of dry macoralgae weight. Also, the sea urchin with initial body weight of (0.67±0.32) g were reared at water temperature of 10.1, 15.6 and 20.3 ℃ and fed the same macroalgae for 2 days, and then 10 individuals of similar size sea urchin were placed in a 1 L sealed conical flask to determine the oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates. The results showed that the descending order feeding selectivity of sea urchin to five species of algae was expressed as U. pinnatifida, L. difformis, U. pertusa, E. intestinalis, and C. moniligera, prefering to U. pinnatifida. The daily relative food intake of the sea urchin was significantly affected by temperature and macoralga species, the maximal value at water temperature of 15.6 ℃, and significantly higher in U.pinnatifida group than that in other groups(P<0.05), with the minimal in C.moniligera group. Oxygen consumption rate was shown to be increased gradually in the sea urchin with the increase in water temperature in different groups, the maximal in U.pertusa group at the same temperature. The ammonia excretion rate, however, was first increased and then decreased with the warming water temperature, the maximal at 15.6 ℃. The findings will provide a foundation for the ecological breeding of sea urchin and for the construction of a green integrated aquaculture model in sea cucumber ponds.
2020 Vol. 39 (1): 72-78 [Abstract] ( 155 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (12071 KB)  ( 171 )
79 Effect of Temperature on Embryonic Developmentof Sinibrama taeniatus
WANG Yali, XIE Chongyou, YIN Min, CAI Ruiyu, WANG Zhijian
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.01.010
In this study, fertilized eggs of Sinibrama taeniatus were incubated in a 45 cm×25 cm×25 cm aquarium at water temperature of 16, 19, 22, 25, 28 and 31 ℃ to explore the effect of temperature on the embryonic development of the fish. It was found that the embryonic development process of S.taeniatus was divided into 8 stages including fertilized egg stage, uplift of blastoderm stage, cleavage stage, blastula stage, gastrula stage, neurula stage, organogenesis stage and hatching stage. It took 44.83 h for hatching of the embryo at water temperature of (25±0.5) ℃. However, the embryos were all died at gastrula stage at water temperature of 16 ℃, with hatching rate of only 30.00% at water temperature of 19 ℃, with the abnormality rate of 87.19% , significantly higher than that in other four groups (P<0.05). The incubation period was shortened at water temperature ranging from 19 ℃ to 31 ℃, significant difference among different temperatures (P<0.05), organogenesis stage being the longest stage in the 8 stages, accounting for 72.53%—77.07% of incubation period. Meanwhile, the abnormality rate was increased with increasing temperature, slightly twice at 31 ℃ as at 28 ℃. The maximal fertilization rate, hatching rate and survival rate and minimal abnormality were observed at water temperature varying from 22 ℃ to 28 ℃, with the optimal incubating temperature of 25 ℃. The regression equation between egg size (y)and the incubation period (x) was described as: y=49.56-44.36x+47.92x2+47.92x2 (r2=0.996) in embryonic development of S.taeniatus at (19±1) ℃, with biological zero point of 12.69 ℃ and the effective accumulative temperature of 522.35—595.11 ℃·h.
2020 Vol. 39 (1): 79-87 [Abstract] ( 191 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (19366 KB)  ( 175 )
88 Effects of Different Lipid Sources on Intestinal Microbial Florain Golden Pompano Trachinotus ovatus
LI Xiuling, LIU Baosuo, LIU Bo, ZHANG Nan, ZHU Kecheng, GUO Liang, GUO Huayang, JIANG Shigui, ZHANG Dianchang
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.01.011
High-throughput sequencing method was used to analyze structure, diversity and differences of intestinal bacteria community in golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus with body weight of (82.85±2.36) g fed satiation to eight isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets with different lipid sources fish oil (FO), krill oil (KO), soybean oil (SO), and corn oil (CO) as ratio of 1∶1 FO-SO, 1∶1 FO-CO, 1∶1 KO-SO and 1∶1 KO-CO at water temperature of 27—31 ℃ for 8 weeks to evaluate effects of different lipid sources on intestinal microbial flora in golden pompano. A total of 1 087 662 sequences were obtained, and all species in the sample were substantially covered by OTU rarefaction curve. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Tenericutes were mainly detected, with Proteobacteria as the predominant phylum in the intestine of golden pompano. ACE, Chao1, Shannon and Simposon were significantly affected by different lipid sources, and higher richness and diversity of intestinal bacteria in the diets containing KO and 1∶1 FO-SO. Principal co-ordinates analysis (PCoA) and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that different lipid sources significantly affected intestinal microbiota structure in golden pompano, which was involved in different types and contents of fatty acids.
2020 Vol. 39 (1): 88-95 [Abstract] ( 136 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (14832 KB)  ( 122 )
96 Effects of Five Drugs on Hatchability of Fertilized Eggs in CAS Ⅲ Strain ofAllogynogenetic Silver Crucian Carp
CHEN Bin, FAN Haiping, XUE Lingzhan, GUAN Bi, CHANG Mengyang, ZHONG Quanfu, YE Xiaojun, ZHANG Weini
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.01.012
Fertilized egg adhesion on 5 cm×10 cm mesh patch of CAS Ⅲ strain of allogynogenetic silver crucian carp Carassius auratus gibelio were incubated in a 5 L plastic bucket and exposed to five drugs Mei ting Ⅱ, Mei ling, Natamycin, oxadixyl mancozeb and potassium permanganate prepared by stock of 1000 mg/L by equal interval between logarithm at water temperature 21—23 ℃ and pH 6.2—6.5 by using a semi-static test method to explore for the inhibition of water mold Saprolegnia and hatchability in fertilized eggs by the medicines. The results showed that all of 5 medicines had some inhibitory effects on the water mold of the fertilized eggs, with larger inhibition rate in Mei ting Ⅱ than in Mei ling and larger inhibition rate in Mei ling than in Natamycin, oxadixyl mancozeb and potassium permanganate. The toxicity and side effects of oxadixyl mancozeb were found to be significantly decreased in hatchability, with precautions utilization, and optimal dose of 4.90—6.50 mg/L in Mei ting Ⅱ, 1.97—3.87 mg/L in Mei ling, 1.50 mg/L in Natamycin and 2.50 mg/L in potassium permanganate in immersion. These findings suggest that Mei ting Ⅱ, Mei ling, Natamycin and potassium permanganate be effective for controlling Saprolegnia of fertilized eggs in allogynogenetic silver crucian carp CAS Ⅲ during incubation.
2020 Vol. 39 (1): 96-102 [Abstract] ( 139 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (10226 KB)  ( 114 )
103 Nutritional Composition and Evaluation of Protein in Green AlgaScenedesmus (Desmodesmus) armatus B38
CAO Meng, WANG Shenglin, LIU Pinghuai, PAN Xiaoyan, WANG Xiuhai
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.01.013
The nutritional composition of green alga Scenedesmus (Desmodesmus) armatus B38 separated from tropical freshwater area in Hainan was analyzed and the protein value of the alga was assessed by essential amino acid index (EAAI), ratio of essential amino acids (AAS), ratio coefficient of amino acids (RC), score of ratio coefficient (SRC), and compactness to provide reference for the comprehensive utilization of the alga. The results showed that the green alga B38 was rich in oil (14%), carbohydrates (13.86%), fiber (3.52%), and ash (4.28%) and high in protein (49.0%). There were 23 kinds of fatty acids, with total amino acid content of 852.58 mg/g protein, 47.45% of essential amino acids in the microalga B38, with EAAI of 85.42%. The two models indicated that the AAS were close to each other, both above 65, and the amino acid quality of the substance was close to 1 (0.93 and 0.88) in close proximity to the model protein. A total of 23 mineral elements were detected from the microalga B38, with abundant contents of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron and aluminum. The content of heavy metals was found to be lower than the national food hygiene standards, and the amounts of vitamin B3 (106.02 mg/100 g) and vitamin E (540.77 mg/100 g) in the microalga B38 was higher, which is rich in nutrients and can be further developed and utilized.
2020 Vol. 39 (1): 103-110 [Abstract] ( 146 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (13540 KB)  ( 126 )
111 Antibacterial Effects of 30 Kinds of Chinese Herbal Medicines Against PathogenStreptococcus iniae from Sturgeon Hybrid Huso dauricus♀×Acipenser schrenckii♂ in Vitro
YAO Li, DONG Chunyan, CHEN Jiangfeng, LI Ming, SHAO Jian, AN Miao, WANG Chang′an, WANG Jingbo, CHENG Zhentao, JIANG Haibo, WEN Ming
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.01.014
The antibacterial effects of 30 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines including Coptis chinensis, Scutellaria baicalensis, Forsythia suspensa, and the others on pathogen Streptococcus iniae from sturgeon hybrid Huso dauricus ♀× Acipenser schrenckii ♂ were investigated in vitro by water decoction and punched by Oxford cup, and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 30 kinds Chinese herbs were measured by microdilution procedure. The results showed that the best inhibitory effects with MIC of (28.35±0.65) mm were observed in C. chinensis, and 5 kinds of Chinese herbs inhibited the growth of S. iniae,with MIC of 1.95 mg/mL and MBC of 3.90 mg/mL in C. chinensis, MIC of 1.95 mg/mL and MBC of 15.62 mg/mL in S. baicalensis, MIC of 3.90 mg/mL and MBC of 7.81 mg/mL in F. suspense, MIC of 3.90 mg/mL and MBC of 15.62 mg/mL in Syzygium aromaticum, and MIC of 7.81 mg/mL and MBC of 7.81 mg/mL in Fraxinus rhynchophylla. The MIC and the MBC of the other Chinese herbal medicines against the pathogenic bacterium were all higher than 15.62 mg/mL and 31.25 mg/mL. In conclusion, C. chinensis, S. baicalensis, F. suspense, S. aromaticum, and F. rhynchophylla showed effectively antimicrobial alternatives to control the S. iniae from the sturgeon hybrid H. dauricus ♀× A. schrenckii ♂.
2020 Vol. 39 (1): 111-116 [Abstract] ( 174 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (9563 KB)  ( 184 )
117 Virulence Genes and Drug Resistance of Pathogen Streptococcusagalactiae in Hainan
WANG Aiyuan, ZHENG Lixin, PU Wenyuan, YANG Nuo, ZENG Jifeng, GUO Guiying, LI Qian, ZHENG Jiping
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.01.015
Virulence genes and resistance genes were screened in 18 strains of Streptococcus agalactiae as an important zoonotic and human pathogen collected from women and tilapia in 2017 via 14 virulence genes by PCR, and sequencing and amplification and drug sensitivity in Hainan was determined by bacterial drug susceptibility paper in order to investigate its virulence genes, carrying rate and drug resistance of the pathogen. The results showed that there was high positive detection rate in the virulence genes among the tested strains, detection of 11 virulence genes from all samples, with as high as 66.7% of positive rate in the remaining genes. The amplification of drug resistance genes revealed that the positive rate of the rest genes was high(44.4%—100%) except for the negative resistance genes against tetracycline and amino acid glycoside. S. agalactiae was shown to have high tolerance to β-lactams, macrolides, and lincosamides and high sensitivity to the amino acid glycoside, quinolone, and tetracycline, indicating that the drug sensitivity is consistent with the detection of drug resistance genes. Therefore, it should be concerned about and judged the high frequency of virulence genes and the high drug resistance among S. agalactiae isolated in Hainan in traditional antibiotic treatment.
2020 Vol. 39 (1): 117-123 [Abstract] ( 147 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (9445 KB)  ( 156 )
124 Growth of Hybrid Sturgeon Acipenser schrenckii♀×A. baeri♂during Early Development
XIONG Hualong, JIANG Zuoyu, LIANG Zhengqi, YAO Junjie
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.01.016
Newly hatched larvae of hybrid sturgeon Acipenser schrenckii ♀× A. baeri ♂with body weight of (0.014±0.001) g were reared in a circular glass cylinder with diameter of 2 m and water depth of 15—25 cm at a density of 1500—2000 individuals/m2and fed tubificid worm (Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri) at water temperature of 7—14 ℃ for 87 days to investigate morphological characteristics, body weight and total length of the hybrid sturgeon. The newly hatched larvae had transparent body with small head and big yolk-sac, approximately equal to two-thirds of body length. The initial feeding was observed in 7 day old larvae in transition period from endogenous to exogenous nutrient and the nearly exhausted yolk-sac was found in 9 day old postlarvae, starting the exogenous nutrient. The organogenesis was basically perfected in 57 day old, and the external morphology consistent with adulthood. The postlarvae and juveniles had average daily total length gain of 1.67 mm and body weight gain of 0.25 g, with instantaneous growth rate of 2.26% in total length and 5.51% in body weight. The total length growth was expressed as linear relation with age, and the regressive equation was described as L=0.1546t+1.2357 (r2=0.9812). The body weight growth was found to be power functional relation with day age, and the weight cure expression was described as m=0.3379e0.0479t(r2=0.9851). The relationship between total length(L) and body weight(m) of the hybrid sturgeon was expressed as m=0.0289L2.3444(r2=0.993),with exponent of less than 3, indicating that the body weight growth, as allometric growth type, is slower than that of total length growth.
2020 Vol. 39 (1): 124-128 [Abstract] ( 208 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (8817 KB)  ( 165 )
129 Establishment of Cleaner Production Assessment Indicator Systemfor Sea Cucumber Processing Industry
HOU Haochen, ZHANG Yun, SUN Delin, YANG Qiuying, LIU Yutong
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.01.017
In the past years, with the increasing market demand and the yield of sea cucumber processing production, the environmental problems for sea cucumber processing industry as an important fishery production processing industry in Northern China have become increasingly prominent. A cleaner production indicator system for sea cucumber processing industry is established including 6 first-grade indicators and 24 second-grade indicators based on the Chinese cleaner production technical system and the characteristics of sea cucumber processing process and practiced in several enterprises to promote the cleaner production and to ensure sustainable development of sea cucumber processing industry in China. It is found that the cleaner production level of the tested enterprises is Ⅱ level, that is, domestic advanced level of cleaner production. The evaluation results and operation status of the case enterprises proved that the indicator system is well scientific, operable and applicable. According to the evaluation results, the cleaner production improvement measures were proposed for the case enterprises including change in the energy type and improvement of the utilization rate of waste resources, which also provided beneficial reference for the cleaner production of fishery production processing industry in China.
2020 Vol. 39 (1): 129-134 [Abstract] ( 150 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (9537 KB)  ( 190 )
       Overview and Specific Topic
135 A Review: Relationship between Antimicrobial Peptides andIntestinal Health in Fish
TAN Fengxia, PEI Mengting, CHAI Yi, YANG Daiqin
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.01.018
2020 Vol. 39 (1): 135-142 [Abstract] ( 330 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (13019 KB)  ( 168 )
143 Research Advances on Fish Mucous Cells
LI Yanfei, DI Guilan, WANG Ning, PEI Chao, KONG Xianghui
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.01.019
2020 Vol. 39 (1): 143-150 [Abstract] ( 285 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (15526 KB)  ( 236 )
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