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  • 月刊，1984年创刊
    主 管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
    主 办：包头医学院
    主 编：赵云山
    特邀主编：高长青
    编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
    国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
    国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
    邮发代号：16-292
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2021 Vol. 40, No. 3
Published: 2021-05-25
Overview and Specific Topi
Researchand Application
 
       Researchand Application
301 Genetic Diversity among Six Geographical Populations of Schlegel's Black Rockfish Sebastes schlegelii by Microsatellite Marker
REN Jiangong, WANG Qinglin, SUN Zhaohui, YU Shanshan, WANG Guixing, YU Qinghai, LIU Xia, SONG Limin, SI Fei
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20064
Genetic diversity, genetic structure, and genetic composition were investigated in 180 samples of six geographical populations of Schlegel's black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii collected from Dandong and Yingkou in Liaoning province, Beidaihe in Hebei province and Changdao, Weihai, and Rizhao in Shandong province in order to understand the impact of large-scale release on the genetic diversity of Schlegel's black rockfish in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea by 10 pairs of microsatellite markers. The results showed that there was mean allele from 17.200 to 19.900 in each locus, with average observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.769 to 0.923, the average expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.871 to 0.920, and the average polymorphic information content varying from 0.845 to 0.897. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium indicated that 15 loci were proved significantly deviated from 5 groups (P<0.05) with Gst values ranging from 0.019 to 0.093, and the average value of 0.039 among the six populations. AMOVA showed that most of the genetic variance was explained by the differences within individuals (93.078%), a few of differences derived from individuals within populations (3.975%). Nei's genetic distance and cluster analysis indicated that there was the maximal genetic distance between the Beidaihe population and the other five groups, being separated from each other. Both Dandong population and the Weihai population were clustered together first, and then they got into one with the Changdao population, and the Rizhao population and the Yingkou population were both gathered together. Three genetic compositions were observed in the six populations. The genetic information in the Dandong population and the Weihai population was intact and was not mixed. While the Yingkou population and the Rizhao population was significantly mixed genetically. The findings indicated that the six geographical populations of Schlegel's black rockfish had high genetic diversity, without obvious genetic diversity effect of releasing large number of hatchery-reared fish on wild Schlegel's black rockfish.
2021 Vol. 40 (3): 301-309 [Abstract] ( 282 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1517 KB)  ( 225 )
310 Changes in Serum Bochemical Profiles and Osmotic Pressure of Schlegel's Black Rockfish Sebastes schlegelii Acclimatized by Various Salinities
CHENG Zhili, SUN Pengfei, LUO Jun, SHEN Shuangye, ZHANG Saisai, WANG Wei
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.18163
Wild Schlegel's black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii with body weight of (94.32±6.41) g were reared in a tank from seawater with a salinity of 32 directly into seawater with a salinity of 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, 5, 4, 3, 2 and 0; in the chronic salinity acclimation, Schlegel's black rockfish were reared in the tank slowly into water with a salinity of 32, 30, 27, 24, 21, 18, 15, 12 and 9, with decrease in salinity at a rate of 1 salinity every 7 days. Then the semi-lethal salinity, osmotic pressure and the changes in serum biochemical profiles were determined in the fish samples collected at 14:00 on the first day. The median lethal concentrations of acute salinity in Schlegel's black rockfish for 24h was shown to be 0.29, with safe concentration 0.04. Under the condition of chronic salinity acclimation, the minimum osmotic pressure was (0.17±0.01) mOsm/kg at salinity 3, significantly different from that in other groups (P<0.05). There were peak activities of glutamic-oxaloacetic transminase (GOT) [(68.67±3.51) U/L], glutamic-pyruvic transminase (GPT) [(18.67±3.06) U/L] and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) [(726±27) U/L] in the Schlegel's black rockfish exposed to a salinity of 24. The significant difference in urea content was observed between salinity groups and seawater control group (P<0.05), with a downward trend with the decreasing salinity. Serum total protein (TP) and serum albumin (ALB) contents had some fluctuation with the decrease in salinity, with the minimal TP at a salinity of 21, significantly different from the seawater control group (P<0.05). The minimal blood glucose value was found in a salinity of 21, without significant difference between salinity groups and seawater control group (P>0.05). The white cell ratio was not fluctuated greatly with the decrease in salinity in each salinity group, without significant difference between salinity groups and seawater control group (P>0.05).
2021 Vol. 40 (3): 310-317 [Abstract] ( 256 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1230 KB)  ( 253 )
318 Regional Characteristics of Bacterial Community and Environmental Influencing Factors in Water of Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus Culture Ponds in Summer
YANG Xiaopei, WANG Luo, XU Hanchen, DING Jun, CHANG Yaqing, HAO Zhenlin
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20198
A 16S rRNA gene sequencing library of microbial flora was constructed in water samples collected 30 cm from the water surface and 30 cm from the bottom in typical about 0.1 km2 muddy bottom sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus culture pond water in four regions Changhai, and Yingkou, Liaoning Province, Laoting, Hebei Province and Rushan, Shandong Province in August 2018, where no diet was fed and probiotics was applied using high-throughput sequencing technology and analyzed by bioinformatics analysis method to evaluate the regional differences and commonalities of the water flora in sea cucumber breeding ponds, and the identification of the dominant environmental factors affecting the composition in the water bacterial community. The results showed that the dominant bacterial phyla were primarily found to be Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, with relative abundance of 68.64%—89.34%, in the water in the different sea cucumber culture ponds. Proteobacteria was the predominant phylum, with the relative abundance accounting for 51.10%—71.98%. At the genus level, Roseovarius, Candidatus Pelagibacter, Kiloniella, and Phaeocystidibacter were the dominant genera in the water in different regions. There were the predominant bacteria in Roseovarius in Changhai, Laoting and Rushan, with relative abundances of 18.68%, 24.65% and 24.46%, respectively. The predominant bacteria in Kiloniella was observed in Yingkou, with relative abundance accounting for 23.07%, indicating that there were significant regional differences of bacterial community in sea cucumber culture pond water in different regions (P<0.05). There was the maximal structural similarity of the composition of bacterial communities in the water of Laoting and Rushan sea cucumber ponds, followed by that in Changhai sea cucumber ponds. The samples in water bacterial community of the Yingkou were clustered together, the specific bacterial phyla in water in Yingkou being mainly belonged to Actinobacteria and Plantomycetes. There were many common bacteria, although the proportion of water bacterial community in different regions was different. In the environmental factors, the dominant environmental factors affecting the water bacterial community were contents of COD and TOC, followed by PO43-, TP and temperature. The findings provide some basic reference for understanding and managing of the bacterial community composition in sea cucumber culture ponds.
2021 Vol. 40 (3): 318-328 [Abstract] ( 189 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (8597 KB)  ( 118 )
329 Structural Characteristics and Seasonal Changes in Zooplankton Community in Changhu Lake
GONG Sensen, WU Jiawei, CHAI Yi, LUO Jingbo, TAN Fengxia, YANG Deguo, HE Yongfeng
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19217
Community structure characteristics and seasonal change in zooplankton were investigated and analyzed in 14 sampling sites in Changhu Lake in April 2015 (Spring), July 2015 (Summer), November 2015 (Autumn) and January 2016 (Winter) by non-metric multi-dimensional scale analysis (NMDS), cluster analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA) according to the water ecosystem observation specification. Results showed that 61 species of zooplankton were identified in this survey, including 29 species of rotifers, 15 species of protozoa, 11 species of cladocera and 6 species of copepods. The descending order of species number in each season was described as summer (43 species) > spring (37 species) > autumn (20 species) > winter (19 species). A total of 12 dominant species were found, including 8 rotifers and 4 protozoa, with common dominant rotifers species Polyarthra trigla and Brachionus calyciflorus in the four seasons. The average seasonal abundance of zooplankton was shown to be 3249 ind./L, with average seasonal biomass of 10.16 mg/L, the maximum abundance and biomass in summer, higher in sampling site HaiZi Lake than that in other sampling sites (except the biomass in autumn), and the average seasonal species replacement rate of up to 81.01% (copepods). The NMDS revealed that there was obvious seasonal difference in zooplankton in the lake, and different dominant groups were classified into four clusters by cluster analysis. The results of RDA ranking of dominant species showed that total nitrogen levels (TN) and total phosphorus levels (TP) were positively correlated with each dominant species to some extent in summer. In addition to being restricted by water temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH, the dominant species were also affected by contents of suspended matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. Changhu Lake was still in a moderate-severe eutrophication status, and the degree of eutrophication was tended to increase compared with the data of 2012.
2021 Vol. 40 (3): 329-338 [Abstract] ( 274 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2081 KB)  ( 842 )
339 Growth of Longtail Tuna Thunnus tonggol and Small Tuna Euthynnus affinis in Circulating Water Ponds
ZHOU Shengjie, YANG Rui, YU Gang, WU Qia'er , MA Zhenhua
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20025
Longtail tuna Thunnus tonggol and small tuna Euthynnus affinis juveniles were reared separately in a cylindrical circulating water temperature-controlled and light-controlled cement pond with a diameter of 5m and a water depth of 2.5 m for 60 days under water temperature of (30.6±0.5) ℃, L∶D=14∶10, and water surface light intensity of 2000 lx from June to August 2019, and the morphological traits and body weight were measured before and after cultivation, and the relationship between body weight and body length and the relationship with other morphological indicators, growth indicators and changes in condition factor were analyzed to explore the growth of longtail tuna and small tuna under indoor circulating aquaculture conditions. The results showed that except for the snout length, the second dorsal fin length and the caudal peduncle length, there was good fitting relationship between the total length and other morphological indicators in longtail tuna (r2>0.9). Except for the snout length, the first dorsal fin length and the second dorsal fin length, there was good fitting relationship between the total length and other morphological indicators in small tuna (r2>0.9). The longtail tuna had body length-weight relationship as y=0.0128x3.0663, r2=0.966, with b of 3.066, close to 3, showing isokinetic growth under the culture conditions. The small tuna had the fitting equation of the body length-weight relationship as y=0.0005x4.0298, r2=0.9322, with b of 4.030, larger than 3, indicating positive allometric growth under culture conditions. The longtail tuna had relative condition factor of 0.930±0.035 and the small tuna had relative condition factor of 1.285±0.026 when captured. In two month cultivation, the relative condition factor was found to be 1.044±0.075 in longtail tuna and 1.929±0.087 in small tuna, significant higher than that at the capture (P<0.05). The findings indicate that longtail tuna and small tuna have better growth than that in the natural environment, and that the relevant data provide reference for the subsequent land-based artificial farming of small size tuna.
2021 Vol. 40 (3): 339-346 [Abstract] ( 182 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1651 KB)  ( 235 )
347 Karyotype and Cellular DNA Contents of Culter Hybrid F1 Erythroculter ilishaeformis (♀) × Ancherythroculter nigrocauda (♂), “Xianfeng No. 1”
WANG Xin, MA Hao, ZHU Dongmei, SUN Ning, LI Qing, WANG Guiying, CHEN Jian, SUN Yanhong, LI Pei
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19225
The chromosome number and karyotype were investigated in juvenile culter hybrid F1 [Erythroculter ilishaeformis (♀) × Ancherythroculter nigrocauda (♂)] (known as“Xianfeng No 1”) with body weight of 22—88 g injected with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) at a dose of 6 μg/g, and injected with colchicine at a dose of 8 μg/g after 12—14 h, and 2 h later, blood was sampled via caudal vein, routine air drying, Giemsa staining, photomicrography and Photoshop CS6 Software analysis and other steps. The cellular DNA content of culter hybrid F1, “Xianfeng No 1”, was determined by a flow cytometry via absolute content of DNA from rooster blood cells (2.50 pg/2C) as a control. The results showed that there were 48 chromosomes in culter hybrid F1, with karyotype formula of 28m+18sm+2st, and NF=94, without secondary constriction, satellite, heterosome and sex chromosome. The culter hybrid F1 had DNA content of (3.16±0.04) pg/2C, and the same chromosome number as their parents, with more similar karyotype to the male parent A. nigrocauda. There were no significant differences in the DNA content between the culter hybrid F1 and their parents.
2021 Vol. 40 (3): 347-353 [Abstract] ( 160 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1648 KB)  ( 193 )
354 N and P Fluxes in Sediment-Water Interface of Sea Cucumber Ponds Exposed to Three Water Quality Control Methods
LEI Zhaolin, DANG Ziqiao, ZHANG Dongsheng, SUN Yahui, LI Lezhou, ZHANG Jinyuan, WANG Yulong, ZHOU Wei
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20181
In order to explore the exchange of N and P nutrients in the sediment-water interface of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus ponds (605 m × 85 m)under different water quality control methods, the diffusion flux of N and P nutrients in the sediment-water interface was investigated in water samples collected from the deepest part of the pond 3—5 days before the water change of each pond every month in sea cucumber ponds of Dalian Baofahai Treasures Co., Ltd. in Zhuanghe City(N 39.7866°, E 123.3208°), Liaoning province, under three water quality control methods: natural pond without any aeration system, microporous aeration (air compressor with 0.1 kw/667 m2) and water quality regulator (750 kW/h). It was found that there were variation in NOx- flux range of -36.0—10.8 mg/(m2·d) in natural pond without any aeration system and -12.0—7.8 mg/(m2·d) in microporous aeration ponds , negative flux in March, July and August, with the minimal flux value in July [-36.0, -12.0 mg/(m2·d)], and positive [0.6—5.4 mg/(m2·d)] throughout the year in the pond with the water quality regulator. Natural NH4+ fluxes were ranged from -102.6 mg/(m2·d) to 71.4 mg/(m2·d)in natural pond without any aeration system ponds and -90.6—78.0 mg/(m2·d)in bottom aeration aerators, with negative in July and August. However, positive flux was observed in the water quality regulator pond throughout the year, with the change range from 5.4 mg/(m2·d) to 81.6 mg/(m2·d). The PO43- flux was found to be positive throughout the year in the three sea cucumber ponds, with the maximum in July and August, with a variation of 8.6—76.2 mg/(m2·d) in natural tidal ponds, 30.0—73.2 mg/(m2·d) in microporous aeration ponds, and 29.4—50.4 mg/(m2·d) in water quality regulator pond. The N and P flux differences in sediment-water interface were very small in the pond with the water quality regulator compared to the other two ponds. The findings indicated that the water quality regulator contributed to the formation of a stable oxidizing environment at bottom of the ponds and was conducive to release of N and P substances at bottom of the ponds.
2021 Vol. 40 (3): 354-360 [Abstract] ( 161 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1287 KB)  ( 209 )
361 Seasonal Variations in Fish Community Structure in the Dianshan Lake
DANG Yingchao, DAI Xiaojie, WU Feng
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19290
The seasonal changes in composition and diversity index of the dominant species of fish were monthly monitored in the Dianshan Lake from January to November 2013 by a 2.0 cm net trawl for 30 minutes each trawling, and the fish community status and individual composition structure were evaluated by abundance biomass comparison curve (ABC) and biomass spectrum methods. It was found that there was difference in the dominant species of fish in the four seasons: largefin bitterling Acheilognathus macropterus, crucian carp Carassius auratus and silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in spring; largefin bitterling, crucian carp and yellowfin Xenocypris macrolepis in summer; yellowfin, crucian carp, yellowfin and whitefish Cultrichthys erythropterus in autumn; and crucian carp, common carp Cyprinus carpio and estuarine tapertail anchovy Coilia nasus in winter. There was the minimal species diversity in spring and the maximal in autumn. The ABC curve showed that the quantitative dominance curve was higher than the dominance curve of biomass in the Dianshan Lake in spring and winter, and the quantitative dominance curve overlaped almost with the dominance curve of biomass in the Dianshan Lake in summer and autumn, indicating that the fish community structure was still in a state of great disturbance. The fish species were found to be primarily composed of small fish in the Dianshan Lake by biomass spectrum method. It is suggested that water quality in the Dianshan Lake be improved, fishing intensity be reduced, and the intensity of proliferation and release be increased in order to protect the fishery resources in the Dianshan Lake.
2021 Vol. 40 (3): 361-368 [Abstract] ( 219 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1426 KB)  ( 481 )
369 Thermal Field Analysis of Trabeculeless Solar Aquaculture Greenhouse with Hollow Membrane
WEI Ying, QIU Tianlong, DU Yishuai, CHEN Fudi, XU Jianping, LI Ye, SUN Jianming
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19282
Most greenhouses used in aquaculture are based on agricultural greenhouses, causing major problems such as significant difference in temperature between day and night, between air and water, and high temperature in greenhouses. In order to solve these problems, trabeculeless solar aquaculture greenhouse with hollow membrane was designed and constructed in this study. Methods including the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation and field measurement were used to analyze the internal heat distribution and internal and external heat exchange in the greenhouse. The results showed that the thermal fields in the horizontal planes at different heights, in the east-west, north-south vertical planes, and inside the wall were unevenly distributed. In the horizontal, temperature in the north was higher than that in the south, showing that the top was the main heat source. In the east-west thermal field, the temperature in the east rose more rapidly than in the west, indicating that the east was the main heat source. The temperature reached the highest values on 48.9 ℃ at 0:00, 49.7 ℃ at 14:00, 45.8 ℃ at 13:00, and 56.2 ℃ at 13:00. After that, the heat input in the west was increased, and the temperature in the west was dropped more slowly than in the east. At night, the temperature variation between different locations was within 1 ℃. In the vertical, the temperature in the top was increased fastest and highest which showed that the top location was the main heat source during the daytime. Meanwhile, the thermal field was even at night and the soil heat radiation was the main heat source. In general, it can be deduced that the north wall insulation and air-water heat transfer are two factors affecting the greenhouse heat storage capacity.
2021 Vol. 40 (3): 369-379 [Abstract] ( 157 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (6532 KB)  ( 120 )
380 Effects of Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS) on Acute Toxicity and Blood Biochemistry in Yellow River CarpCyprinus carpio haematopterus
TIAN Haijun, LIU Kaifang, REN Shengjie
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20017
The 96 h median lethal concentration (LC50) and blood physiological and biochemical indicators were investigated in Yellow River carp Cyprinus carpio haematopterus with body weight of (38.7±0.8) g exposed to surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) in a 1.2 m×0.6 m×0.8 m aquarium at water temperature of (21.4±0.8) ℃ through a semi-static biotoxicity test in order to explore the mechanism of physiological and biochemical toxicity of LAS on aquatic animals. It was found that LC50 of LAS to Yellow River carp was 10.27 mg/L in 24 h, 9.51 mg/L in 48 h, 9.16 mg/L in 72 h, and 8.59 mg/L in 96 h, with moderately toxicity of LAS to Yellow River carp. There were decrease in contents of plasma total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC) and hemoglobin (Hb) and in plasma alkaline phosphate (ALP) activity at LAS concentration of ≥2.0 mg/L, and increase in contents of plasma urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CREA), and activities of creatine phosphokinase (CPK), alanine aminotransferase (AST) and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT) in the Yellow River carp exposed to LAS. The elevated concentration of Na+ and K+ were observed in the plasma of Yellow River carp exposed to the LAS concentration of ≥3.0 mg/L, the effect of LAS on plasma Ca2+ level being less.
2021 Vol. 40 (3): 380-386 [Abstract] ( 149 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1006 KB)  ( 133 )
387 Screening and Characteristic Analysis of Mitochondrial Genome SNPs in Ridgetail White Prawn Exopalamon carinicauda
ZHU Jixuan, DAI Qin, DUAN Jiancheng, GAO Na, GAO Wei, YAN Binlun, GAO Huan
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20028
The potential SNP sites of ridgetail white prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda were screened to obtain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) sites in the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) of ridgetail white prawn with average body length of (5.23±0.33) cm collected from the culture ponds in coastal areas of Lianyungang and Nantong, Jiangsu Province, using high-resolution melting curve (HRM) technology by 109 pairs of primers designed based on the full sequence of mtDNA. HRM analysis showed that the amplification products of 9 pairs of primers in 80 pairs contained SNP sites, which contained 16 SNPs in total. Statistical results showed that the SNP sites in the mitochondrial genome of ridgetail white prawn were haplotypes with a frequency of 0.10/100 bp, among which the transformation mutations (G/A and C/T) accounted for 87.5% of the total SNPs, and the translation mutations (A/T) accounted for 12.5%, without insertion, deletion and other mutations. Location analysis revealed that the 16 SNPs obtained were distributed in COX1, cob, COX2, tRNAAsp, nad1, nad4, and nad5. In the 7 regions, there was the maximal SNPs in the COX1 gene region, with 5 SNP sites, followed by 3 SNP sites in the cob region. Moreover, further comparison of the corresponding amino acids encoded by SNPs showed that the synonymous SNP accounts for 43.7% of the total number, while the non synonymous SNP accounts for 56.3%, which may lead to changes in the properties and functions of proteins. The screening of SNPs in this study will be helpful for the further work of pedigree identification and genetic diversity analysis of ridgetail white prawn.
2021 Vol. 40 (3): 387-393 [Abstract] ( 272 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1512 KB)  ( 406 )
394 Multilocus Sequence Typing and Resistance Range Determination of Yersinia ruckeri from Sturgeon Hybrid
ZHANG Xiaoli, MA Qiangsheng, JIAO Shizhang, SONG Xiaoyu, MA Xiaojun
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19283
A large number of hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii ♀ ×A. baeri ♂) with body weight of (160±20) g died at a sturgeon farm in Liujiaxia, Gansu Province, from July to August 2019, the dead fish being redness, swelling and bleeding in the cloacal pores, and occasional bleeding from the genital pores, and occasionally bleeding from the snout. The 16S rRNA gene of 60 dominant bacterial strains was sequenced from 60 diseased fish livers. The results showed that the 60 isolates were all Yersinia ruckeris. Biotype detection and multilocus sequence typing showed that 60 strains of Y. ruckeris were all biotype 2, with six known ST types ST1, ST2, ST3, ST5, ST8 and ST13. On this basis, phylogenetic analysis of six housekeeping genes of Y. ruckeris was carried out in series, the isolates from the same source showing the differences. Ten antibiotic drugs were used to determine the general resistance of 60 strains of Y. ruckeris, and a total of 9 drug resistance were observed. The findings provided data to support the drug resistance status of Y. ruckeris in hybrid sturgeon farmed in Liujiaxia, and theoretical basis for the prevention, treatment and vaccine development of Y. ruckeris disease in sturgeon.
2021 Vol. 40 (3): 394-402 [Abstract] ( 139 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2968 KB)  ( 143 )
403 Histological Observation of Ovarian Development of Apteronotid Eel Apteronotus albifrons
HA Chengxu, YANG Cuihua, WANG Wei, WANG Yunzhong, LIU Ping
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19271
The mature ovary of apteronotid eel Apteronotus albifrons is saccate with an unusual cloacal orifice position located in the front of the body and behind the mandible. The histological research using conventional paraffin section method found that ovarian development of apteronotid eel was divided into six stages and oogenesis into five phases. The results showed that four-month old apteronotid eel had ovaries in stage Ⅱ,and oocytes in phase Ⅱ. Six-month old apteronotid eel had ovaries in stage Ⅲ where there were oocytes in phase Ⅱ and phase Ⅲ, the latter being the most prevalent. Ten-month old apteronotid eel had ovaries in stage Ⅳ where oocytes were in phase Ⅱ, phase Ⅲ and phase Ⅳ, reaching sexual maturity. Phase Ⅴ oocytes were dominant in ovaries of eleven-month old apteronotid eel in stage Ⅴ. Oocyte size distribution was bimodal for stage Ⅴ ovary. The oocytes were primarily ranged from 1.08—1.15 mm to 1.78—1.84 mm in diameter. In an ideal environment, the oocytes matured and were released in a short period of time after a batch of eggs were released. This is in accordance with the characteristics of batch spawners.
2021 Vol. 40 (3): 403-408 [Abstract] ( 149 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4702 KB)  ( 104 )
409 Cloning and Expression Analysis of CaM from Green Alga Dunaliella salina
WANG Mingfang, GAO Xiangnan, XU Weiwei, CONG Yuting, CHAI Xiaojie
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20210
In order to explore the structure and function of calmodulin gene in green alga Dunaliella salina, RT-PCR and RACE technology were used to clone D. salina calmodulin gene (DsCaM gene, GenBank accession number: MN428415). The DsCaM was then analyzed using bioinformatics method, and the expression of DsCaM gene under salt stress was detected by qRT-PCR method. The results showed that the full length of the cDNA of DsCaM gene was 1061 bp, the open reading frame was 495 bp, and it encoded 164 amino acids. DsCaM protein was hydrophilic and mainly distributed in cytoplasm and vacuoles, It contained no transmembrane area and signal peptide. The secondary structure of this protein was mainly α-helix (56.71%) and random coils (26.22%). Further phylogenetic analysis showed that DsCaM gene and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CaM genes were closely related. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression of DsCaM gene was significantly up-regulated under high salt stress, the maximum at 6 h (P<0.01). The findings take a significant role in further analysis of functions of the D. salina calmodulin gene and the molecular pathways under salt stress.
2021 Vol. 40 (3): 409-415 [Abstract] ( 159 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1450 KB)  ( 282 )
416 Live Food Supply Regionalization of Filtering Feeder Shellfish in Northern Yellow Sea
ZHANG Xue, SONG Lun, FU Jie, WANG Kun, LIU Yin, LIU Suxuan
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20182
The live food supply capacity of eukaryotic microalgae were determined in eukaryotic microalgae samples and chlorophyll a samples collected at 53 sampling sites in the northern Yellow Sea in May (spring), August (summer) and October (autumn) of 2019 by high throughput sequencing-molecular identification classification technique. The results showed that there were microalga biomass of (39±10)% in spring, (35±14)% in summer and (38±11)% in autumn in the northern part of the Yellow Sea, with the maximal live food supply capacity (an average of 0.86) of filter feeding shellfish in spring, followed by in autumn (0.41), and the minimal (0.30) in summer. There was relatively high live food supply capacity in the waters of Lvshun, and Zhuanghe in Dalian and Yalu Rivers, and relatively low live food supply capacity in Changhai County and the offshore sea. The actual live food supply capacity of shellfish in the northern part of the Yellow Sea was 151 g/m2 in spring, 51 g/m2 in summer and 96 g/m2 in autumn. The sustainable culture capacity of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum was 100 g/m2 in spring, 34 g/m2 in summer and 63 g/m2 in autumn, and the capacity of shellfish cultivation in the northern part of the Yellow Sea was mainly contributed to spring and autumn.
2021 Vol. 40 (3): 416-421 [Abstract] ( 154 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3299 KB)  ( 185 )
422 Opsonin-Like Molecule from Coelomic Fluid of Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus nudus
LOU Yue, CHEN Dan, CHANG Yaqing, CONG Yuting, WANG Lianshun, LI Dantong
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20083
In order to study the immune mechanism of coelomic fluid of sea urchin Strongylocentrotus nudus, we researched the phagocytosis activity of phagocytes in different media and different treatments of yeast cell. The composition isolated from the non-cell coelomic fluid, regulating yeast cells and non-regulating yeast cells was analyzed with SDS-PAGE. We got the isolated opsonin-like molecule from the non-cell coelomic fluid of the sea urchin after dialysed. We determined the phagocytosis in isotonic buffer affected by opsonin-like molecule of different concentration and different time. Results showed that the phagocytosis rate of non-regulating yeast cells in isotonic buffer, cell-free coelomic fluid by yeast cell adsorption, non-cell coelomic fluid and regulating yeast cells in isotonic buffer was 1.00∶1.17∶2.00∶1.71. Only the composition isolated from the regulating yeast cells after SDS-PAGE had a distinct band in three different compositions. Added 0.5 mL, 1.0 mL, and 1.5 mL purified opsonin-like molecule in isotonic buffer, other groups were higher than the control group in each test time, and the greater the opsonin-like concentration, the higher the phagocytosis. These findings indicate that there is a kind of new opsonin-like molecule in coelomic fluid of sea urchin S. nudus with molecular weight of 156 ku which can promote phagocytosis.
2021 Vol. 40 (3): 422-427 [Abstract] ( 128 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1400 KB)  ( 151 )
428 Effects of Ca2+ and Mg2+ Concentrations and Culture Density on Growth of Ridgetail White Prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda
LI Guangguang, WANG Yu, DUAN Jiancheng, WANG Linhua, DENG Gaowei, GAO Huan, ZHANG Qingqi, YAN Binlun
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2021.19285
Ridgetail white prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda with body weight of (0.175±0.065) g was raised in a 50 cm×40 cm×30 cm water tank at a salinity of 22 and water temperature of 25 ℃ to investigate the effects of Ca2+ concentration (100 mg/L, 200 mg/L, and 300 mg/L), Mg2+ concentration (300 mg/L, 600 mg/L, and 900 mg/L) and culture density (200 individuals/m3, 400 individuals/m3, and 600 individuals/m3) on the growth of ridgetail white prawn in an orthogonal test to find out the optimal levels of the three factors for the growth of ridgetail white prawn. It was found that the culture density was the most important factor affecting the growth of the ridgetail white prawn, followed by the concentrations of Mg2+ and Ca2+; Mg2+ concentration was the greatest effect on the survival rate of ridgetail white prawn, followed by Ca2+ concentration, and then by culture density. The optimal combination of three factors was considered comprehensively as Mg2+ concentration of 300 mg/L, Ca2+ concentration of 100 mg/L, and culture density of 600 individuals/m3.
2021 Vol. 40 (3): 428-433 [Abstract] ( 144 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (982 KB)  ( 176 )
434 Biological Characteristics of Ridgetail White Prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda in Yalu River Estuary
JI Guang, LIU Xiuze, DONG Jing, WANG Xiaolin, WANG Aiyong, GUO Dong, WANG Yuanyuan, TIAN Yang
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19219
The biological characteristics of ridgetail white prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda, as an economically important species, were monthly surveyed in Yalu River Estuary 35 km away from the downstream of the Dandong River Bridge by nets with horizontal net mouth of 10 m, vertical net mouth of 4 m, and 20 m long net bag with mesh of 5 mm, hung on both sides of a fishing vessel from May to December 2017. The results showed that a total of 206 kg ridgetail white prawn were captured during the 8-month voyage,with the body length ranging from 23 to 78 mm,body weight ranging from 0.2 to 7.9 g,average body length of (50.7±9.9) mm,and average body weight of (2.3±1.4) g. The females had higher average body length and body weight than the males did. t test indicated that there were significant difference in body length and body weight between female and male (P<0.05). The relationships between body length (L) and body weight (m) were expressed as m=9.9×10-6L3.1138(r2=0.9219, female) and m=2.2×10-5L2.9081(r2=0.9274, male).There was not significant difference between the value of allometric growth factor b and 3 (P>0.05),showing that both male and female individuals are close to the constant growth. Voyage survey data from May to December combined with fishing information of fishing vessels in Yalu River Estuary, the ridgetail white prawn spawned in May until September,with the spawning peaks in June and August, and had absolute fecundity (FA) of 468—3151 eggs,with an average value of (1809±707) eggs. The best relationships between absolute fecundity (FA)and body length (L) and body weight (m) were power exponential fitting,which were FA=0.0194L2.7652(r2=0.7487) and FA=482.31m0.8955(r2=0.8301).
2021 Vol. 40 (3): 434-439 [Abstract] ( 154 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1262 KB)  ( 225 )
440 Effects of Incubation Temperature on Hatching and Hatchling Traits in Chinese Box Turtle Cuora flavomarginata
YANG Guiqiang, LI Wentong, LIN Quan, ZHENG Huang, MA Junfeng, PI Guohua, NIU Hongjun, YUAN Ding
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19252
Ninety fertilized eggs of Chinese box turtle Cuora flavomarginata were incubated in a constant temperature incubator at temperature of 26 ℃, 28 ℃ and 30 ℃ to evaluate the effects of different temperatures on the hatching rate, and body weight and phenotypic traits of the hatched turtles. The results showed that the fertilized eggs were hatched in 82 d at 26 ℃, 75 d at 28 ℃ and 73 d at 30 ℃, with the maximal hatching rate and short incubation in 28 ℃ group. The juveniles in the 26 ℃ group had significantly lower body weight than that the turtles in the 28 ℃ and 30 ℃ groups did (P<0.05),without significant difference between 28 ℃ group and 30 ℃ group(P＞0.05).The weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) of the newly hatched turtles were found to be significantly lower in the test group at 26 ℃ and 28 ℃ than those in the 30 ℃ group (P<0.05) from 1 day post hatching (DPH) to 54 DPH. From 55 DPH to 209 DPH, however, the hatchlings in the 26 ℃ group had significantly higher WGR and SGR than those in the 28 ℃ and 30 ℃ groups (P<0.05). It is considered that 28 ℃ is a suitable temperature condition for Chinese box turtles hatching in Beijing and its surrounding areas. The findings have important theoretical reference and guiding significance for the Chinese box turtle breeding in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.
2021 Vol. 40 (3): 440-445 [Abstract] ( 192 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1739 KB)  ( 543 )
446 Effects of Temperature on Growth, Reproduction and Morphological Plasticity of Water Fleas Daphnia hyalina
ZUO Jiaqi, ZHAO Wen, WEI Jie, DONG Chenghao, CUI Jingdan, YANG Ban
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20166
In this paper, the effect of water temperature on growth, reproduction and morphological plasticity of water fleas Daphnia hyalina was investigated by means of the method of experimental ecology. The results showed that the survival rate of water fleas was 0% at 27 ℃, 80% at 21 ℃, and 60% at 15 ℃ in the temperature range of 15—27 ℃. With the increase in temperature, the prenatal developmental period of water fleas was shortened by 2—6 days, the life span was shortened by 2—34 days, and the intrinsic rate of growth was increased, with the maximum of 0.47 d-1 at 24 ℃ and minimum of 0.23 d-1 at 15 ℃. The total length of water fleas was generally 0.03—0.13 mm longer in the 15 ℃ group than that in other groups; the average length of the thorn was the shortest; the ratio of the length of the thorn to the total length was the smallest, and the longest individual was the largest. At the same temperature, the thorn length of water fleas in different growth periods does not change much with growth, and the helmet gradually becamed blunt and round. The most suitable survival temperature for water fleas was 21 ℃, and the most suitable breeding temperature was 24 ℃.
2021 Vol. 40 (3): 446-451 [Abstract] ( 178 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1851 KB)  ( 181 )
       Overview and Specific Topi
452 Research Development on Low Molecular Fucoidan Sulphate Oligosaccharides: a Review
HAN Ziqi, LI Yuqing, REN Dandan, HE Yunhai, ZHOU Hui, WANG Qiukuan
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20213
2021 Vol. 40 (3): 452-460 [Abstract] ( 263 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1071 KB)  ( 393 )
461 A Review: Progress on Nutrition Requirement and Effect of Environment on Immune in Giant Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii
ZHOU Jian, ZHAO Zhongmeng, ZHANG Lu, HUANG Zhipeng, ZHAO Han, KE Hongyu, LI Qiang, DU Jun
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19239
2021 Vol. 40 (3): 461-466 [Abstract] ( 282 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1016 KB)  ( 236 )
467 Application of Bacteriophages in Biofilm Control of Pathogenic and Spoiling Bacteria from Fishery Product
LI Meng, MA Yongsheng, LI Ying, ZHAO Qiancheng
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20099
2021 Vol. 40 (3): 467-474 [Abstract] ( 193 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1362 KB)  ( 208 )
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