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  • 月刊，1984年创刊
    主 管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
    主 办：包头医学院
    主 编：赵云山
    特邀主编：高长青
    编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
    国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
    国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
    邮发代号：16-292
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2022 Vol. 41, No. 5
Published: 2022-09-25
Research and Application
Overview and Specific Topi
 
       Research and Application
715 Exploration of Molecular Mechanism of Skin Albinism in Albino Northern Snakehead Channa argus var. (Teleostei: Channidae) Based on Transcriptome Sequencing
LI Yan, ZHOU Yan, LEI Luo, SU Jian, FAN Wei, LUO Yu, LI Junting, GAO He, ZHOU Chaowei
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21223
In order to understand the molecular regulatory mechanism in albino northern snakehead Channa argus, Illumina Hiseq technology was used to define the transcriptome of albino northern snakehead C. argus var., a color variety of northern snakehead skin. DEseq analysis revealed that 694 genes were found to be significantly differentially expressed. Gene ontology analysis indicated that many of these genes encoded proteins involved in cellular process, metabolic process, cell junction and transporter activity. Based on KEGG pathway analysis, DEGs were significantly enriched in tyrosine metabolism pathway, which was involved in skin albinism. The SNP and INDEL analysis showed that there was the more homozygous SNP and INDEL sites in albino northern snakehead than that in northern snakehead, but fewer number of heterozygous SNP and INDEL sites. Furthermore, the predicted genes in the tyrosine metabolic pathway, in which there were SNP non-synonymous coding in hgd and adh5 genes, but no SNPS and INDEL mutation sites were found in tyrp1 gene. Therefore, these results suggest that the skin albinism of northern snakehead be related to tyrosine metabolic pathway, and the decrease in melanin-related genes expression which reduces the skin pigments deposition. The finding will also provide a foundation for further understanding of the molecular mechanism of albino northern snakehead.
2022 Vol. 41 (5): 715-726 [Abstract] ( 238 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4212 KB)  ( 233 )
727 Assessment for Japanese Scad Decapterus maruadsi Fishery in Offshore Waters of Southern Zhejiang Based on Per Recruitment Model
CUI Mingyuan, TIAN Siquan, MA Qiuyun, FAN Qingsong
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20270
The objective of this study was to assess the fishery and to provide biological reference points for the fisheries management of Japanese scad Decapterus maruadsi in the East China Sea. Specifically, we analyzed the life history traits and conducted the yield per recruitment (YPR) model and spawning stock biomass per recruitment (SSBR) model for Japanese scad. Through the scientific survey in offshore waters of Southern Zhejiang from 2015 to 2018, Japanese scad were collected and measured for the body length (cm) and body weight (g). The asymptotic length L∞ was estimated to be 26.00 cm by ELEFAN Ⅰ method, with the exponential rate of 0.19/a. Based on the length-converted catch curve, total mortality Z was estimated to be 1.41. The natural mortality M was found to be 0.55 estimated by Pauly empirical formula, according to the above growth parameters and the water temperature. Therefore, the fishing mortality F was 0.86. Based on all above estimates for life history parameters, the yield per recruitment and spawning stock biomass per recruitment models were projected for Japanese scad. The biological reference points Fmax and F0.1 were 3.602 and 0.596, respectively. The values of F20% and F40% were 0.421 and 0.220, respectively estimated from spawning stock biomass per recruitment model. The current fishing intensity is far greater than the warning line to prevent supplementary overfishing (F20%). Different M (0.35, 0.45, 0.55, 0.65, 0.75, and 0.85) and different fork length of first capture (11.21 cm, 11.87 cm, 12.76 cm, 14.00 cm, and 15.83 cm) were considered in the sensitivity analysis of yield per recruitment and spawning stock biomass per recruitment models. When M was increased from 0.35 to 0.85, the estimates for the current yield per recruitment and the current spawning stock biomass per recruitment were reduced by 10.29 and 0.79, respectively. Fork length of inflecting point was 17.79 cm, critical fork length was 13.58 cm, and the current catchable size (12.76 cm) was much smaller than the fork length of first sexual maturity, which indicates that the current fishing pressure is too heavy. Although Japanese scad in offshore waters of southern Zhejiang has not been in growth over fishing (F0.1<Fcurrent<Fmax), it is subject to recruitment over fishing. Improvements about the natural mortality and selectivity estimates are essential to enhance the stock assessment and fishery management for the Japanese scad fishery, which suffered great fishing pressure. Additionally, the fishing effort is suggested to be decreased with more conservative management measures in order to keep the sustainable development for this fishery.
2022 Vol. 41 (5): 727-737 [Abstract] ( 145 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2757 KB)  ( 232 )
738 Cloning and Association Analysis with Growth Traits of igf Gene in Ussuri Catfish Pseudobagrus ussuriensis
WEI Mengya, WANG Simeng, NING Jing, FAN Fan, ZHU Chuankun
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20286
In order to understand the relationship between insulin-like growth factor (igf) genes and growth traits, sequences of igf1 and igf2 genes were cloned for Ussuri catfish Pseudobagrus ussuriensis through referring to igf sequences of its close-related fishes, and relationships between polymorphic sites of igf and growth traits were analyzed by association analysis. The cDNA length of the igf1 gene was 1241 bp, containing an open reading frame (ORF) of 477 bp coding a peptide with 158 amino acids (aa), and the DNA sequence of the igf1 gene with a length of 10 922 bp containing 5 exons and 4 introns was also obtained. The total cDNA length of the igf2 gene was 2008 bp with an ORF of 741 bp coding a peptide consisting 246 aa, and a 3700 bp DNA segment containing 5 exons and 4 introns was cloned. The aa sequences of the two peptides IGF1 and IGF2 of Ussuri catfish had the highest identities with those of yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (96.9% and 96.7%). A total of five simple sequence polymorphism sites (SNPs) were identified in the igf1 gene with 1 in exon and 4 in introns, and 7 microsatellites were also found. The number of identified SNPs in the igf2 gene was also 5 with 1 in exon and 4 in introns, and 5 microsatellites were identified. The 2 SNPs in exons of igf1 and igf2 genes were selected and their associations with 5 growth traits were also analyzed, but no significant associations were detected. Nevertheless, the finding in this study will provide useful references for further studies of igf genes in Ussuri catfish.
2022 Vol. 41 (5): 738-748 [Abstract] ( 152 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3811 KB)  ( 204 )
749 Histological Observation of Gonadal Development of Tiger Puffer Takifugu rubripes
LI Weiyuan, XIONG Yuyu, WANG Ziwei, ZHANG Qi, JIANG Jieming, YAN Hongwei, LIU Ying, LIU Qi, LI Meiyuan, WANG Xiuli
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21098
In order to understand gonad development of tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes, 212 samples of tiger puffer in different developmental stages were collected from June 2019 to April 2021. It was found that the female of tiger puffer was a one-time spawning type, with closed-type testis and ovaries. According to the process of spermatogenesis and oogenesis, the testis of males was cystic type, and ovaries of females were partly synchronized. According to the morphological structure of oocytes, the accumulation of yolk matter and the changes in follicular cells, oogenesis was divided into 6 phases, and spermatogenesis divided into 5 phases according to the changes in spermatogenic morphology and structure. According to the external morphological characteristics, size, color, and histological characteristics of the gonads, the development process of the ovaries and testes were divided into six stages. In addition, the male and female gonadosomatic index (GSI) was shown to be increased rapidly after entered the developmental stage, with peak at stage Ⅴ, significantly higher than the pre-developmental level (P<0.05), and significantly decreased after spawning and ovulation (P<0.05), and gonadal development maintained a consistent trend of change. There was no significant difference in the hepatosomatic index (HSI) between stage Ⅱand stage Ⅲ during the development of the testis in the male (P>0.05), and then the HSI was gradually decreased. Female changes were different from male, without significant difference in HSI of female between samples at various periods (P>0.05). However, the condition factor (CF) of the male and female did not change significantly throughout the reproductive cycle (P>0.05). The findings are of great significance to the cognition of the reproduction biology of tiger puffer.
2022 Vol. 41 (5): 749-758 [Abstract] ( 197 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (9979 KB)  ( 128 )
759 Isolation, Identification and Characteristics of Pathogen from Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus with Skin Ulceration Syndrome
LI Xiaoyu, FENG Lijuan, XU Le, WANG Lili, ZHANG Meixia, LI Shuying, LI Jibin, XU Yongping
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21008
In order to explore the death causes of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus with skin ulceration from a local farm in Dalian, a dominant bacterial strain AP-1 was isolated from the diseased sea cucumbers. The 16S rDNA sequence, morphological observation, physiological and biochemical characteristics results showed that it was Vibrio alginolyticus. The strain was artificially infected back to the healthy sea cucumber by the means of immersion infection, body wall wound immersion infection and intraperitoneal injection infection, respectively. The results showed that the immersion infection did not show pathological symptoms, whereas other two methods showed different degrees of dose-dependent lethality. The LC50 of the sea cucumber with the isolate was 5.23×106 cfu/mL in body wall wound immersion infection and 3.08×104 cfu/g in intraperitoneal injection infection. Virulence gene detection showed that the strain was positively amplified with the seven virulence genes including toxR, FlaA, Collagenase, fur, AspA, ompW and tlh. Drug resistance analysis showed that the strain was resistant to ampicillin, piperacillin, augmentin, cefazolin, cefotaxime and amikacin, and was intermediate to cefuroxime, cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, aztreonam and neomycin. However, it was sensitive to other 16 antibiotics. This finding will provide scientific basis and reference for sea cucumber industry in Dalian.
2022 Vol. 41 (5): 759-768 [Abstract] ( 169 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3814 KB)  ( 307 )
769 Effects of Green Grass Food and Compound Feed on Growth, Digestion and Fish Quality of Hybrid between Bluntnose Black Bream Megalobrama amblycephala and Topmouth Culter Culter alburnus
LIN Xin, ZHENG Guodong, SU Xiaolei, CHEN Jie, ZOU Shuming
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21034
In order to compare the growth, digestion and meat quality of hybrid bluntnose black bream Megalobrama amblycephala ♀ × topmouth culter Culter alburnus ♂ (MC)after ingesting green grass food and compound feed, MC juvenile fish were fed grass food and compound feed for 30 days, and then measured for their growth, muscle nutrients, digestive enzyme activity, digestive tract structure, and flesh taste and other indicators. The results showed that (1)there was significantly lower growth index in fish fed ryegrass Lolium perenne than that in the fish fed the compound feed, but the intestinal body index and length of the intestine were significantly higher than those in the compound feed group (P<0.05). (2)There was higher moisture in the fish in the green feed group than that in the compound feed group, but the contents of crude fat, crude protein and crude ash were lower than those in the compound feed group (P<0.05). And the muscle fiber area in the green feed group was also smaller than that in the compound feed group.(3)The intestinal trypsin and lipase activities were lower in the green feed group than those in the compound feed group, but the amylase activity was higher. The hybrid in compound feed group had more liver fat accumulation and intestinal fold goblet cells than the fish in green feed group did.(4)Electronic tongue analysis showed that the descending order of the two-dimensional intercept size of the principal component analysis (PCA) was green feed group>compound feed group.(5)Nucleotide analysis showed that the taste nucleotide of fish meat was greatly affected by feeding habits. There was higher content of 5′-AMP (sweet) and 5′-IMP (fresh) in the green feed group than that in the compound feed group, while the content of Hx (bitter) relatively small. In summary, green feed and compound feed had a greater impact on the growth and digestion of MC and the taste of fish. Fish in high-protein compound feed grew faster, while those in green feed group had better taste. The digestive enzyme activity in the intestine was changed according to the different foods ingested.
2022 Vol. 41 (5): 769-777 [Abstract] ( 133 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3324 KB)  ( 222 )
778 Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria and Antagonistic Bacteria in Loach Gill Haemorrhagic Disease
WANG Qiannan, FENG Yan, JIA Lingchen, LIU Youhua, PI Qiaomu, XU Siqi, LI Liantai, CAI Yuefeng, AN Xianhui
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20265
Loach gill haemorrhagic disease is a common disease in the process of loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus breeding. In this study, the dominant pathogen JY5 was isolated from the lesion site, and then the antagonist CJT23 inhibiting the growth of JY5 was isolated from the bottom mud of the loach breeding ponds. According to the colony morphology observation, physiological and biochemical identification and 16S rDNA sequence analysis of JY5 and CJT23, the pathogen JY5 was preliminarily identified as Aeromonas veronii and the antagonist CJT23 was identified as Pseudomonas marginalis, which were tentatively named as A. veronii JY5 and P. marginalis CJT23. Further drug sensitivity test of strain CJT23 showed that the strain was sensitivity and medium sensitivity to 6 drugs including ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, gentamicin, streptomycin, enrofloxacin and compound sulfamethoxazole. It is suggested that the above 6 antibiotics should be avoided when the strain CJT23 was used to control the gill hemorrhagic disease of loach. The antagonistic spectrum experiment showed that the strain CJT23 has different degrees of bacteriostasis to pathogenic bacteria A. veronii JY5, V. parahaemolyticus, V. anguillaris, V. vulnificus, A. hydrophila, A. sobria, and V. havieri, and the diameters of the bacteriostasis zones were (21.00±0.41) mm, (17.97±0.21) mm, (15.93±0.26) mm, (12.73±0.26) mm, (12.63±0.17) mm, (12.57±0.12) mm and (11.47±0.17) mm, without inhibition effect on A. caviae. The findings provide certain reference significance for the prevention and control of loach diseases, and for ecological control research.
2022 Vol. 41 (5): 778-787 [Abstract] ( 141 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2766 KB)  ( 205 )
788 Relationship between Change in Zooplankton Community Structure and Water Masses in Coastal Waters of Zhoushan in 2019
HU Yali, LIANG Jun, XU Yongjiu, ZHENG Ji, WANG Huijun, ZHU Wenbin, GUO Ai, ZHANG Hongliang, JIANG Rijin, WU Lihang, XU Jixiao, YANG Liping, JIANG Qijun, LI Lihua
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20237
The zooplankton community structure (species composition, number of dominant species, diversity index) and the relationship with water masses in the coastal waters of Zhoushan were studied based on the plankton surveys in spring (April) and autumn (November) voyages off Zhoushan in 2019. The stations in the study area were classified by SPSS cluster analysis, and the differences in species number, Shannon-Wiener′s diversity index, speices richness index, and speices evenness index were analysed in the spring and autumn. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to analyze the differences in the composition of zooplankton groups in the spring and autumn of 2019, and the reasons for the replacement of dominant species. The mechanism of the seasonal dynamics was finally discussed in the zooplankton community structure in spring and autumn. The results showed that according to the cluster analysis of surface sea temperature and surface sea salinity, the area was divided into 3 water masses:the water mass in the Hangzhou Bay(Area Ⅰ), the upwelling water mass in the Zhoushan Island(Area Ⅱ) and the offshore water mass in the Zhoushan(Area Ⅲ ). The independent sample T test method was used to test the significant effects of three water masses on the composition of zooplankton groups (P<0.05). The average dissimilarity of the zooplankton community composition was Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ, 71.04% in area Ⅰ water masses, 75.71% in area Ⅱ water masses, and 91.70% in area Ⅲ water masses in spring and autumn, The abundance of zooplankton was found to be greater in spring than that in autumn (P<0.05), and the diversity of zooplankton to be greater in autumn than that in spring (P<0.05). CCA showed that salinity was the main environmental factor affecting the spatial distribution, and temperature and chlorophyll a were the main environmental factors affecting the seasonal dynamics. The low temperature and high level of chlorophyll a in spring were favorable for a large number of zooplankton, and the high temperature and low level of chlorophyll a in autumn were suitable for a small number of zooplankton to live widely.
2022 Vol. 41 (5): 788-798 [Abstract] ( 129 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (7315 KB)  ( 83 )
799 Impact of Artificial Reef Release on Sediment Bacteria in Dashentang Sea Area
WANG Yu, XU Xiaofu, YU Ying, GUO Biao, GAO Yan, ZHANG Xue, ZHANG Bolun, ZHANG Jingwei
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20273
In order to study the impact of artificial reef release on sediment bacteria, sediment bacteria detection and environmental factor determination were conducted in artificial reef area built in 2014, newly built reef area in 2018 and control area by high-throughout squencing technology in September 2018. The results showed that after two months of reef- release, the bacterial community structure in the reef release area tended to be gradually consistent with that in the newly built reef release area, and the diversity index and species number in the control area were lower than that in the reef-throwing area, with significant differences (P<0.05). Proteobacteria were the most abundant strains in Bohai Bay. The abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes in the control area was lower than that in the other two regions. The abundance of Firmicutes and cyanobacteria in the control area was significantly higher than that in the other two regions. In terms of species, the bacterial species in the control area were significantly more than those in the other two regions, and the abundance of Sulfurovum was significantly higher than that in the other two regions. However, the abundance of Woeseia and desulfurization bacteria in the other two regions was significantly higher than that in the control area. Compared with the background value and the control area, the particle size of the sediment and the sulfide content were decreased in the artificial reef, and dissolved oxygen concentration were reduced in summer. Correlation analysis of functional genes and influencing factors showed that the sulfur reduction reaction of the reef sediment bacteria affected the reef environment, and the change of the reef environment also affected the structure of the bacterial flora.
2022 Vol. 41 (5): 799-809 [Abstract] ( 106 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (5447 KB)  ( 300 )
810 Analysis of Microbial Community Structure and Function in Industrial Recirculating Aquaculture System
XIONG Xiangying, WANG Zhicheng, LIU Xujia, YAO Kunzhi, LIANG Zhihui
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20246
In order to compare the differences in community composition, species diversity and function of bacteria in the recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), bacterial species composition and predicted function in the water in fish production tanks, sedimentation filter, protein skimmer, biofilter tank and Sesuvium portulacastrum floating bed tank were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that compared with other tanks, the relative abundance of Alphaproteobacteria in biofilter and floating bed tanks were significantly reduced while Bacteroidetes markedly increased, with significantly higher Verrucomicrobia in biofilter tank. According to the genus level analysis, the proportion of dominant bacterium Loktanella in sedimentation filter and protein skimmer was 2—3 times as that in other tanks, meanwhile Rubritalea in biofilter tank was significantly higher than others, with the maximal species richness and diversity in floating bed tank, and the minimal flora abundance in the biofilter tank. There was the minimal similarity with other samples in terms of community composition and structure in the biofilter and floating bed tank. The PICRUSt functional prediction results showed that the dominant functional groups of bacterial communities in the RAS were mainly in the aspect of metabolism. Comparing the functional similarity of bacterial communities in each unit, it was found that the sedimentation tank and protein separation tank were similar, while the biofilter was similar to the floating bed tank. In addition, the relative abundance of nitrogen cycle function genes in floating bed tank was obviously higher. The findings can provide data and technical support for the construction of the RAS suitable for southern China.
2022 Vol. 41 (5): 810-819 [Abstract] ( 153 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3174 KB)  ( 195 )
820 Contribution of Exogenous Sedimented Particulate Organic Matter to Sea Cucumber Ponds under Different Management Modes
WANG Yulong, ZHANG Jinyuan, YANG Shen, LI Lezhou, YANG Gengjie, LEI Zhaolin, ZHOU Wei
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21062
Sedimented particulate organic matter is an important sea cucumber feed source. To understand the effect of different management modes on the proportion of exogenous sedimented particulate organic matter in sea cucumber ponds, a natural tidal pond, a microporous aeration pond, and a water quality regulator pond were selected as subjects in the study and the period from March to September was divided into the growth and dormancy stages of sea cucumber according to water temperature. The contribution of the exogenous sedimented particulate organic matter was calculated in different ponds by collecting sediments, suspended and sedimented particles in the ponds and sedimented particles in tidewater using the carbon-nitrogen mass balance equation of stable isotope techniques. The source of the sedimented particulate organic matter was roughly identified based on the C/N (TOC/TN) ratio. The results showed that the sedimented particulate organic matter in the experimental ponds was primarily derived from algae, and the contribution of the endogenous sedimented particulate organic matter was increased in all ponds. The water quality regulator pond showed the minimal average contribution (81.01%), whereas there was the maximal average contribution (84.48%) in the natural tidal pond. Combining the plankton biomass and nutrient content in the three ponds during the experiment, it was found that the material circulation was more rapidly in the water in the regulator farm pond than that in the other two ponds. The findings show that the material circulation rate in the water quality regulator pond is the highest, which is beneficial to naturally increase the biological food in the pond and to maintain a better breeding environment.
2022 Vol. 41 (5): 820-828 [Abstract] ( 91 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1138 KB)  ( 212 )
829 Effects of Temperature, Salinity, Flow Velocity and Green Alga Chlorella vulgaris on Sand Depuration of Clam Cyclina sinensis
CHEN Wenchao, LIU Jinhu, DU Yishuai, SUN Jianming, QIU Tianlong
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21078
The clam Cyclina sinensis harvested from natural sea area have extremely high sand content and usually need depuration before they can be eaten. The influence of temperature (14, 18, 22, 26 and 30 ℃), salinity (15, 20, 25 and 30), flow velocity (10, 20, 40, 80, 160 and 320 L/h) and feeding on sand depuration effects were studied in a laboratory, with the method of quantitative taste test.Samples were taken at 4, 8, 12, and 16 h after the start of the experiment. The results showed that the sand depuration process of the clam performed the highest efficiency in the first 4 hours. Under the conditions of temperature 22 ℃, salinity 30, flow velocity 40 L/h and no feeding, the taste test score reached 9 points or more after 4 hours of sand depuration. When depuration was conducted in low-temperature and low-salt conditions, more time was needed for sand depuration and increasing the flow velocity helped to obtain a better depuration effect. There was no significant difference in the sand depuration effect between feeding and non-feeding of green alga Chlorella vulgaris. However, considering the cost and the uncertainty of the influence of live food on the taste of the clams, it is recommended that non-feeding be in sand depuration of the clam.
2022 Vol. 41 (5): 829-835 [Abstract] ( 141 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1794 KB)  ( 178 )
836 Recombinant DNA Expression of I-Type Lysozyme of Clam Cyclina sinensis in Yeast Pichia pastoris
FENG Fu′ai, ZHAO Zhen, TAO Yan, XIE Jing, QIAN Yunfang
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20257
I-type lysozyme as a cysteine-rich protein immune factor mainly expressed in invertebrate has strong activity against pathogenic microorganisms. In the present study, the cDNA encoding I-type lysozyme of clam Cyclina sinensis was cloned by RT-PCR, known as CslyI gene. Using pPICZαA as expression vector and yeast Pichia pastoris X-33 as engineering bacteria to construct recombinant strain X-33/pPICZαA-CslyI. A high-copy recombinant strain was obtained by using the culture medium containing high concentrations of zeocin. The strain created protein-like expression products after 72 h induced by 1% methanol at 28 ℃, and 250 r/min. The expressed product was identified by Western-blot and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry, indicating that it was the expected recombinant CslyI. The bacteriostatic tests demonstrated that the recombinant CslyI had obvious activities against pachogens Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. In addition, it also showed a good thermal stability. The findings provide a biosynthetic technology approach based on recombinant yeast P. pastoris for the preparation of I-type lysozyme derived from invertebrate.
2022 Vol. 41 (5): 836-843 [Abstract] ( 94 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3240 KB)  ( 227 )
844 Effect of Feeding Rates on Growth Performance and Physiological Function of Juvenile Grey Mullet Mugil cephalus
TONG Tong, XU Mingzhu, DONG Lanfang, WEI Yuanyuan, LIANG Yu, ZHANG Qin
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20282
Feeding rate is one of the important factors affecting the growth of fish. In an appropriate range, the growth performance of fish is enhanced with the increase in feeding rate. This trial was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary feeding rates on the growth performance, body composition, liver digestive enzyme activities and immune enzyme activities of juvenile grey mullet Mugil cephalus. The test subjects selected 240 healthy juvenile mullet with an average body weight of (37.96±0.89) g, and were randomly divided them into 4 groups, each group consisting of 3 replicates and 20 replicates each. Four groups of mullet juveniles were reared at feeding rate of hunger, half satiation, full satiation, and over satiation (2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 15% of body weight) for 8 weeks. The results showed that different feeding rates had significant effects on weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion efficiency (FCR), condition factor, hepatosomatic index, moisture, crude protein content, crude fat content, liver protease activity, lipase activity, catalase activity (CAT), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), and lysozyme (LZM) activity (P＜0.05). No significant differences were observed in survival rate (SR), viscero somatic index,ash content and liver amylases activity (P>0.05). With the increasing feeding rate, mullet WGR, SGR, condition factor, hepatosomatic index,crude fat content, liver protease activity, lipase activity, CAT activity, and LZM activity were firstly increased and then tended to be stable. When the feeding rate increased from 5% to 15%, mullet FCR, moisture and crude protein content showed a downward trend (P<0.05). Both mullet liver lipase and SOD activities were firstly increased and then decreased with the increase in dietary feeding rate, with the maximum value at the dietary feeding rate of 10%. According to the analysis mullet growth performance, body nutrition content, liver digestive enzyme activity and immune enzyme activity, the optimal dietary feeding rate was 10% for mullet.
2022 Vol. 41 (5): 844-850 [Abstract] ( 149 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1171 KB)  ( 185 )
851 Genetic Diversity Analysis of Four Populations of Schizothorax lantsangensis
JIN Fangpeng, ZUO Pengxiang, LENG Yun, WU Junjie, XIONG Heyong, GAO Haitao, LEI Chunyun, ZHOU Rui, LI Guanghua
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20266
Genetic diversity analysis of 40 wild specimens from Schizothorax lantsangensis from four geographical groups in upper and middle Lancang River was carried out by simplified genome sequencing, aimed to provide reference for the protection of germplasm resources of S. lantsangensis. Average sequencing depth 29.36×, a total of 467.67 Mb reads, average Q30 sequencing of 94.88%, and 498 199 specific-locus amplified fragment (SLAF) tags were obtained, in which there were a total of 213 644 polymorphic SLAF tags, 736 515 population single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The genetic analysis showed that the distribution ranges of observed and expected alleles were 1.90—1.97 and 1.36—1.57, respectively, in Huangdeng-Dahuaqiao, Lidi, Wulongnong and Miaowei. The distribution ranges of observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity were 0.16—0.50 and 0.21—0.33, respectively. The range of diversity index and fragrance index was 0.25—0.34 and 0.32—0.50, respectively. The PIC(Polymorphism information content) was 0.2655, 0.2499, 0.2463 and 0.1709, respectively, which was at the middle and low polymorphic level. The minimum allele frequency (MAF) was 0.2653, 0.2579, 0.2561 and 0.2724, In the genetic diversity index, Huangdeng-Dahuaqiao population was the highest and showed significant difference among populations (P<0.05). The variation between groups accounted for 2.91%, and the variation within groups accounted for 97.09%, indicating that the variation mostly occurs within the population. The genetic distance between groups was ranged from 0.0323 to 0.2588 and the genetic differentiation index between groups was ranged from -0.019 to 0.0817 (P>0.05), and hylogenetic tree showed the phenomenon of cross clustering of four geographic groups. In conclusion, the genetic diversity level of the four geographical groups is moderate, and the genetic distance is consistent with the clustering results and the actual situation. The reason for the extinction is excessive human interference. It is suggested that the monitoring of Yunnan indigenous fish resources should be strengthened in the upper and middle reaches of the Lancang River, and the quality and intensity of artificial proliferation and release should be enhanced.
2022 Vol. 41 (5): 851-859 [Abstract] ( 110 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1156 KB)  ( 180 )
860 Effects of Integrated Aquaculture Model of Rice-Shrimp-Eel on Water Environment
ZHANG Yuanyuan, LI Hong, JIA Tao, PENG Xinliang, ZHAO Liangjie
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20289
To probe for the effects of integrated aquaculture model of rice-shrimp-eel on the water environment, eel cages were set up in different positions in the circular groove, and water samples inside the cages, outside the cages and different positions in circular groove were collected and tested every half a month in Xinyang, Henan province from August to October 2020. The results showed that in different periods the dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) inside the cage was always the lowest, DO inside and outside the cages were both lower than that in ring ditch (P>0.05), without significant differences at 4 sampling sites in pH. NH+4-N levels inside and outside the cage were significantly higher than that far away from the cages (P<0.05), and NO-2-N and NO-3-N levels were significantly lower than that far away from the cages (P<0.05). TN and TP levels inside and outside the cage were higher than those in other sites. TN levels showed an upward trend and TP levels showed a downward trend, TN and TP in the ring ditch far away from the cage showed an upward trend. The results showed that the integrated aquaculture mode of rice-shrimp-eel led to enhance N and P levels in the water, promoted the conversion efficiency of N and P in the nearby water as well as the process of denitrification, and reduced the risk of eutrophication in the water, but the low dissolved oxygen in the cage affected the healthy growth of aquatic animals. The findings can provide a theoretical reference for the development and improvement of integrated aquaculture model of rice-shrimp-eel.
2022 Vol. 41 (5): 860-867 [Abstract] ( 131 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1793 KB)  ( 168 )
868 Virulence of Pathogenic Bacteria Causing Acute Hepatopancreas Necrosis Disease (AHPND)
LI Jiyun, SHEN Hui, MENG Qingguo, WAN Xihe, JIANG Ge, QIAO Yi, CHENG Jie, FENG Yanqin, LI Haolan
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20261
In recent years, acute hepatopancreas necrosis (AHPND) caused by pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VPAHPND) has caused a high mortality rate of Pacific white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, which is divided into acute and subacute types from the course of the disease. In this study, six pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus strains were collected from different regions in Jiangsu province, which were used for verifying the virulence through challenge test and exploring the strain typing study through multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The results of the challenge test showed that the mortality of Pacific white leg shrimp in the challenge test group of strains SHY1669, SHY1776, SHY1777, and SHY1833 was significantly higher than that of strains SHY1673 and SHY1697 (P<0.05). The MLST showed that the types of strains SHY1669, SHY1673, SHY1697, SHY1776, SHY1777, and SHY1833 were ST452, ST882, ST415, ST114, ST919, and ST2355, among which ST2355 was a new sequence type, the rest were all I all known sequences, and had the highest homology with ST1743. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that there was no significant differences in acute and subacute strains in evolution. Acute strains mainly appeared in Asia, while subacute strains appeared in North America and Asia. The findings indicate that different VPAHPND have different virulence (strong or weak), but they do not show differences in genetic relationship.
2022 Vol. 41 (5): 868-875 [Abstract] ( 114 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2291 KB)  ( 204 )
876 Seasonal Succession of Plankton Community and Evaluation of Silver Carp and Bighead Carp Production in Angezhuang Reservoir
ZHAO Qi, ZHANG Xiuwen, YU Jia, YE Min, CUI Chen, SHI Baojia, HOU Run, QI Zunli
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20253
In order to explore the succession of plankton community and the productivity of silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis in Angezhuang Reservoir, surveys of plankton and silver carp and bighead carp productivity were carried out in Angezhuang Reservoir in spring, summer and autumn, respectively. The results showed that 96 species of 49 genera and 8 phyla of phytoplankton were identified, summer>autumn>spring. In spring, phytoplankton exhibitsed the “diatom-cyanobacteria” type characteristics, and in summer and autumn, the phytoplankton exhibitsed the “diatom-green algae” type. The average biomass of phytoplankton was 6.54 mg/L, autumn>spring>summer. The average of Shannon-Wiener diversity index of phytoplankton was 0.74, spring>autumn>summer, with average Pielou eveness index of 0.24. The seasonal variation was consistent with the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. Eighty-three species of zooplankton were identified in 4 categories, spring>autumn>summer. The dominant species were mainly protozoa in spring, rotifers and some protozoa in summer, and protozoa, rotifers and a few copepods in autumn. The average biomass of zooplankton was 5.68 mg/L, summer>spring>autumn. The average Shannon-Wiener diversity index was 0.44, spring>summer>autumn. Pielou eveness index was 0.16, autumn>spring>summer. According to the biomass of plankton, the productivity of silver carp was 111.83 t, and the productivity of bighead carp was 215.84 t. The reasonable maximum stocking amount of silver carp and bighead carp was 111.18 thousand individuals and 431.7 thousand individuals respectively, and the reasonable stocking ratio of silver carp and bighead carp was about 1∶3.86.
2022 Vol. 41 (5): 876-882 [Abstract] ( 115 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2834 KB)  ( 175 )
883 In Vitro Effect of Single and Compound Chinese Herbal Medicines    on Bacteriostasis of Aeromonas hydrophila
TAO Sha, ZHANG Xiaoping, SHANG Baodi, LI Xiaoyi, YAO Junjie
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20069
To effectively control the economic loss caused by infection of Aeromonas hydrophila from channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, 41 kinds of extracts of Chinese herbal medicine were obtained by decoction, such as Flos Lonicerae, Spica Prunellae and Pericarpium Granati. The diameter of inhibition circle, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 41 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine and their compound to A. hydrophila were detected respectively. The results showed that 14 of 41 Chinese herbs had bacteriostasis circle, with the minimal MIC in Rhizoma Coptidis at concentration of 7.81 mg/mL, comprehensive diameter of inhibition circle, MIC and MBC, comprehensive screening of 6 Chinese herbs with better bacteriostatic effect: Pericarpium Granati, Fructus Chebulae, Herba Violae, Lignum Sappan, Rhizoma Coptidis and Fructus Mume. Drug combination results showed that there was no antagonism of 93.3% between the 6 herbs, with positive effect of 80%. The results of 25 groups according to preparation tables of mixed Chinese herbal medicine showed that M-10 compound group with V (Pericarpium Granati)∶V (Fructus Chebulae)∶V (Herba Violae)∶V (Lignum Sappan)∶V (Rhizoma Coptidis)∶V (Fructus Mume) = 2∶5∶1∶2∶3∶4 had the best comprehensive bacteriostatic effect. The findings provide a theoretical basis for the application of Chinese herbal medicine in bacterial diseases of A. hydrophila.
2022 Vol. 41 (5): 883-890 [Abstract] ( 155 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1013 KB)  ( 319 )
       Overview and Specific Topi
891 Research Progress on Environment-Driven Mechanism of Miniaturization Trend of Marine Microalgae: A Review
LIU Yin, SONG Lun, LIU Suxuan
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20290
2022 Vol. 41 (5): 891-898 [Abstract] ( 151 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1032 KB)  ( 224 )
899 Feeding Ecology of Edible Jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum: a Review
LI Yulong, GAO Xianggang, BAO Xiangbo, FU Jie, LI Yiping, SU Hao, SUN Ming, LI Yunfeng
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20296
2022 Vol. 41 (5): 899-904 [Abstract] ( 141 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1006 KB)  ( 250 )
905 A Review of Relationship between Stock Dynamic and Environmental Variability for Jumbo Flying Squid Dosidicus gigas and Chilean Jack Mackerel Trachurus murphyi in the Eastern Pacific Ocean
FENG Zhiping, YU Wei, CHEN Xinjun
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20117
2022 Vol. 41 (5): 905-914 [Abstract] ( 136 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1759 KB)  ( 141 )
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