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  • 月刊，1984年创刊
    主 管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
    主 办：包头医学院
    主 编：赵云山
    特邀主编：高长青
    编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
    国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
    国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
    邮发代号：16-292
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2024 Vol. 43, No. 6
Published: 2024-11-25
 
853 Sequence Analysis and Expression Patterns of miR-10 and Target Gene arhgef3 in Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus Exposed to Salinity Stress
GOU Yuqing, WEI Xin, MA Nanxing, LIU Dan, GAO Siqi, TIAN Yi
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.22091
In order to investigate the response process of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus exposed to salinity stress, differentially expressed miR-10 and the corresponding target gene arhgef3 were screened from the transcriptome and high-throughput sequencing results of miRNAs to analyze the expression of miR-10 and target gene arhgef3 in different tissues of sea cucumber with body weight of (18.55±3.40) g exposed to a salinity of 18 for 0 h, 6 h, 24 h and 48 h with control group at 30 normal salinity to provide a basis for their roles in the salinity response mechanism of the sea cucumber. Analysis of the precursor and mature sequences of miR-10 showed that miR-10 formed a stable stem-loop structure with highly conserved regions in the interval between 29 and 51. The target gene arhgef3 had an open reading frame of 1728 bp encoding 575 amino acids and a functional domain between amino acids 280—500. There was significantly higher expression level of arhgef3 in intestine, respiratory tree and coelomocytes than that in other tissues (P<0.05). Under low salt conditions, the expression level of miR-10 was significantly lower at 24 h and significantly higher at 48 h than at 0 h in the control group, and the expression level of arhgef3 was significantly higher at 6 h of stress than at 0 h in the control group. Transfection of miR-10 inhibitors into coelomocytes was found to be significantly decreased at 24 h and increased at 48 h compared with 0 h in the experimental group, with significantly higher in the experimental group at 0 h at both 6 h and 48 h after transfection with miR-10 mimics than that at 0 h. The expression level of arhgef3 in the experimental group transfected with miR-10 mimic was found to be increased significantly at 24 hours, without significant change in expression level of arhgef3 in the experimental group transfected with miR-10 inhibitor in sea cucumber. The findings indicated that arhgef3 was induced by salinity, and that the target gene was required to maintain a high expression level to adapt to salinity changes and adapt to the low salinity response of sea cucumber during the response to salinity stress.
2024 Vol. 43 (6): 853-864 [Abstract] ( 142 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (15918 KB)  ( 38 )
865 Stress Relieving Effect of Taurine and Glutamine on Grouper Hybrid
MI Hongbo, LU Yue, CHEN Jingxin, LI Xuepeng, LI Jianrong
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.23071
In order to relieve the stress effect of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀×E. lanceolatus ♂) during low-temperature and air exposure alive, the grouper with body weight of (800±50) g were temporarily retained in seawater containing 0 (control group) and 20 mg/L taurine (taurine group), and then 0 (control group), 20, 25 and 30 mg/L glutamine. The plasma biochemical indices, liver metabolites, antioxidant enzyme activities and muscle metabolism of the grouper in fresh state, low-temperature and air exposure alive for 0, 6, 12 h, and after revival were analyzed. The results showed that there was significant decrease in the concentration of cortisol in the grouper exposed to addition of taurine and glutamine in the temporary water, leading to enable to quickly adapt the low temperature environments. The liver metabolism was disturbed during air exposure alive, with enhanced activities of catalase, total superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity in liver. The contents of glucose, urea nitrogen and cortisol, and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were found to be increased steadily with the prolongation of air exposure, with the peak value at 6 or 12 h. The significant decrease in content of muscle glycogen was observed in each group, and the significant increase in content of lactic acid and gradual recovery after revival. The changes in related indicators of the grouper treated with taurine and glutamine solution, especially taurine and 30 mg/L glutamine group, were shown to be significantly lower than those in control group and taurine treatment group, indicating that the addition of taurine and glutamine into water led to the hybrid grouper to maintain the stability of physiological and biochemical indicators and effectively alleviate the degree of oxidative stress damage during air exposure.
2024 Vol. 43 (6): 865-874 [Abstract] ( 95 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4905 KB)  ( 76 )
875 Effects of Sodium Pentachlorophenol Stress on Physiology, Biochemistry and Histopathological Structure of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
LIU Zhiwei, LI Min, TENG Shuangshuang, HUANG Xiaolin, XIAO Guoqiang
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.23060
The acute toxicity and chronic stress tests of sodium pentachlorophenol to Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were carried out at water temperature of 26—29 ℃ by using the method of biological toxicity test. In the acute toxicity test, the Pacific white shrimp with body weight of (13.41±1.97) g was placed in 30 L of sodium pentachlorophenol solution at concentrations of 0 (control group), 50, 70, 90, 110, 130, and 150 mg/L. In the chronic stress test, the Pacific white shrimp with the same size above was exposed to seawater with sodium pentachlorophenol concentrations of 0 mg/L (control group), 0.87 mg/L and 8.74 mg/L for 20 days. The oxygen consumption rate, ammonia excretion rate, activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and Na+-K+-ATPase and malondialdehyde content in the hepatopancreas were measured in 15 individuals of Pacific white shrimp randomly sampled from each group on the 1st, 10th and 20th days, respectively, and the changes of hepatopancreas and gill tissue structure stained by hematoxylin-eosin was histologically observed on the 20th day. The results showed that the median-lethal concentrations of sodium pentachlorophenol against Pacific white shrimp were found to be 103.75 mg/L at 48 h and 87.44 mg/L at 96 h, respectively, with the safe concentrations of 1.04 mg/L at 48 h and 0.87 mg/L at 96 h (0.01×LC50). Results showed that there were significant decrease in oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates in low-concentration group and high-concentration group under the stress of sodium pentachlorophenol stress (P<0.05). The O∶N was shown to be gradually increased, with the maximum values of (59.2±4.4) and (18.9±6.1) on the 20th day in both treatment groups, respectively, indicating that energy supply mode of Pacific white shrimp changed from protein decomposition to mixed decomposition of fat and protein. The enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, acid phosphatase,alkaline phosphatase, and Na+-K+-ATPase in the hepatopancreas were significantly lower than those in control group(P<0.05), with gradual decrease in the enzyme activities,and significant increase in MDA content with time (P<0.05).At 20th day, significant pathologic changes were observed in the groups of sodium pentachlorophenol-treated hepatopancreas and gills, including enlarged hepatic tubule, lots of vacuoles,ruptured basement membrane, and the deformed lumen of the hepatic tubules. Epithelial cells in gills were found to be exfoliated,necrosis of cell, local vacuolation and the impaired cuticle.In conclusion,the stress of sodium pentachlorophenolate significantly affected the physiological metabolism and enzyme activity in Pacific white shrimp, changing the mode of energymetabolism. The findings provide the basic data with research on the response mechanism of Pacific white shrimp and other crustaceans to sodium pentachlorophenolate stress.
2024 Vol. 43 (6): 875-884 [Abstract] ( 78 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (5165 KB)  ( 38 )
885 Biological Characteristics and Application in Water Purification in Sea Cucumber Culture Ponds in Cryotolerant Degrading Bacterium Strain Bacillus mobilis 10
TANG Wei, WANG Qi, ZHANG Jun, LI Jiaxin, XING Wei, HE Zengguo
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.23030
A bacterium strain collected from the coastal soil of Qingdao was isolated and purified after 48 h of culture at 15 °C with 7 media, and was identified as Bacillus mobilis by morphological observation, physicochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The strain was inoculated into LB liquid culture at 5, 28 and 37 °C and 0, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% of NaCl to explore the temperature and salinity tolerance of the B. mobilis, and the strain was sprayed once every 3 days in a sea cucumber Apostichopus japanicus seedling pond with a final concentration of about 1.0×104 cfu/mL to purify the water quality in the sea cucumber culture pond, so as to realize the industrialization of this strain.The transparent circle method showed that B. mobilis 10 produced protease, amylase and cellulase activities at low temperature conditions (15 °C), with protease activity of 9.05 U/mL after 56 h of fermentation and NaCl tolerance of up to 8%.The test of degradation ability of the strain to dissolved substances showed that the degradation rate in the feed culture medium was observed to be (36.72±0.53)% in protein and (22.80±0.81)% in (chemical oxygen demand) COD using sea cucumber feed culture medium, 8 h after inoculation. Pilot-scale (50 L) fermentation techniques was established to microbial preparation, and applied in the sea cucumber breeding. Dynamic monitoring of the bacterial activity of B. mobilis 10 in sea cucumber culture ponds for 8 days revealed that both the contents of protein and COD in sea cucumber ponds were significantly reduced by sprinkling the bacterial solution with the final concentration of 1.0×104 cfu/mL. The findings had exemplified the successful exploration case regarding the development of microbial products for use in aquaculture practice.
2024 Vol. 43 (6): 885-893 [Abstract] ( 68 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1280 KB)  ( 51 )
894 Fish Diversity in Yibin Section in Autumn Based on eDNA Technology
DANG Yingchao, LI Sha, SU Wei, HU Fanxu, JIANG Wei
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.23025
In order to explore a new method for survey of fish diversity in the Yibin River section, the fish diversity was detected in samples collected from 7 sampling sections from the downstream of the Jinsha River to the main stream section of Lizhuang Ancient Town, Yibin City (here referred to as the "Yibin River Section") from October 25 to 27, 2021 by environmental DNA metabarcoding (eDNA) technology. A total of 30 species of fish (excluding 2 genera, not identified at the species level) were detected from the environmental DNA samples in the Yibin section, belonging to 5 orders, 12 families and 29 genera, including 1 national-level protected fish species and 3 endemic fish species in the upper reaches of the Changjiang River. Coreius, Rhinogobius, Micropterus, and Liobagrus were found to be the dominant genera at each sampling section. It was found that the environmental DNA technology was characterized by high efficiency, high sensitivity and non-invasive compared with the traditional survey methods and used as an important supplementary tool for studying the fish diversity of relevant basins, even though it did not completely replace traditional methods. The finding enriches the structural and functional information of fish communities in the Yibin section and provides basic information for the evaluation of fishery ban effect.
2024 Vol. 43 (6): 894-905 [Abstract] ( 100 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (7546 KB)  ( 52 )
906 Analysis of Texture Properties and Flavor Components in Muscle of Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus from Four Genealogies
GAO Ruichang, ZHANG Hao, SHI Tong, XIONG Zhiyu, BAO Yulong, BIAN Wenji, CHEN Xiaohui, YUAN Li
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.23076
To provide scientific support for breeding programs aimed at enhancing the taste and palatability in muscle of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, the texture properties and flavor components in muscle were assessed and muscular quality differences in compositions were compared in four G2 lineages of 30 month old channel catfish designed as KB29-1,K23-1,DZ29-1,and 20-1. There were significantly higher muscular hardness, recovery rate, elasticity and chewiness in DZ29-1 lineage than those in other lineages (P<0.05), without significant differences in moisture mass fraction and proportion of essential amino acids in the muscle of the different lineages (P>0.05). The significantly different contents of free amino acid, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and inosinic acid (IMP) were observed in the muscle of the four lineages (P<0.05), with the maximal values in DZ29-1 lineage. The types of volatile substances were found to be similar in the muscle of the four lineages. There are significant differences in the textural characteristics and flavor components among the four lineages, which provides guide to screening high-quality varieties and promotes the development of channel catfish culture industry in China.
2024 Vol. 43 (6): 906-914 [Abstract] ( 51 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1285 KB)  ( 19 )
915 Cryopreservation Technology of Taiwan Loach Sperm
WANG Yinjie, WANG Pin, CAI Kejun
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.23052
To establish cryopreservation method of sperm for Taiwan loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus ssp. taiwan, effects of four extenders (HBSS, D-15, D-17, and Ringer), five cryoprotectants [methanol (MeOH), ethylene glycol (EG), propylene glycol (PG), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF)] at four volume concentrations (2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, and 10.0%), different equilibrium time (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 min), fumigation height and time (5, 7, 9, 11 cm and 5, 10, 15 min), and thawing temperature (17, 27 and 37 ℃) and time (5, 10 and 15 s) on the sperm viability of Taiwan loach was observed by microscopy and the plasma membrane integrity was measured by flow cytometry (FCM). The results revealed that the sperm with HBSS had the maximal motility (45.28±5.75)%, and the sperm with 5% methanol had the maximal motility of (81.70±2.35)% and the plasma membrane integrity of (51.25±5.03)%, with the best equilibrium time of 30 min, and the best fumigation height of 9 cm for 10 min. The better thawing effect was observed by thawing in 37 ℃ water bath for 10 s, with the fertilization rate of (68.94±6.22)% at artificial insemination with thawed Taiwan loach sperm. In summary, the fresh sperm of Taiwan loach was diluted with HBSS and mixed with MeOH to a final concentration of 5% at 4 ℃ for 30 min, then put it into straws, fumigated at 9 cm above the liquid nitrogen surface for 10 min, and then was stored in liquid nitrogen. When thawing, good results were observed when the fresh sperm of Taiwan loach was thawed in a 37 ℃ water bath for 10 s. The findings provided data foundation with artificial breeding and germplasm resource protection of Taiwan loach.
2024 Vol. 43 (6): 915-924 [Abstract] ( 49 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3219 KB)  ( 51 )
925 Effects of Immunostimullants on Toxin Accumulation,Antioxidant Activity, and Immunity in Blue Mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis
ZHANG Qianru, ZHENG Guanchao, YANG Yuecong, ZHAO Huihui, TAN Zhijun, WU Haiyan
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.23057
To screen for immunomodulators that affect the accumulation of azaspiracids (AZAs) in blue mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, blue mussels with body weight of(7.14±1.05) g were reared with 333.00 mg/L of vitamin C sodium powder (vitamin C group), 3.00 mg/L emodin (emodin group), and 6.66 mg/L of arachidonic acid (arachidonic acid group) and 333.00 mg/L of astragalus polysaccharide (astragalus polysaccharide group). The toxin and enzyme activities in the visceral tissues of the blue mussel, and the changes in antioxidant function and non-specific immune indices were measured. The results showed that the soft tissue was decreased first in weight and then increased in the mussel fed diets containing the immunomodulators,without effect on the survival rate of the mussel (P>0.05). Except for the arachidonic acid group, there was no significant difference between other treatment groups and the control group (P>0.05). The immunomodulators were all shown to affect the accumulation of toxins in the hepatopancreas, without effect on metabolism. The descending order of the maximal toxin contents in different groups was described as:control group (1235.33 μg/kg)>vitamin C group (1153.12 μg/kg)>emodin group (755.74 μg/kg)>arachidonic acid group (568.72 μg/kg)>astragalus polysaccharides group (141.43 μg/kg), with 61.2% of that in the control group in the emodin group, 46.0% of that in the control group in the arachidonic acid group, and 11.5% of that in the control group in the astragalus polysaccharide group.Arachidonic acid group and astragalus polysaccharides group with significantly reduced toxin accumulation were selected to analyze the changes of their antioxidant enzymes, oxidation products and non-specific immune enzyme activities.The activity of superoxide dismutase in mussel hepatopancreas was found to be increased significantly and the malondialdehyde content to be significantly decreased in the blue mussel fed the diets containing astragalus polysaccharides and arachidonic acid (P<0.05), with increase in the content of non-specific immune marker lysozyme and the activity of acid phosphatase.The findings indicate that arachidonic acid and astragalus polysaccharides significantly enhance the oxidative stress and non-specific immune ability of blue mussel during toxin accumulation.
2024 Vol. 43 (6): 925-933 [Abstract] ( 49 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1222 KB)  ( 33 )
934 Morphological and Histological Observation of Digestive System of Loach Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis and Metahomaloptera omeiensis hangshuiensis
SONG Lin, CHEN Xiaojiang, GAO Peng, FU Jianghan
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.23083
To investigate the structural characteristics and analyze their functional and dietary differences and similarities of the digestive system of loach Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis and Metahomaloptera omeiensis hangshuiensis, morphology and histology were observed in the digestive system of S. zechuanensis with average body length of (5.18±0.11) cm, and M. omeiensis hangshuiensis with average body length of (4.96±0.25) cm collected from the Jiangjin section of the Changjiang River, Chongqing, and the Luowang Town section of the Baishui River, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province in December 2021 by morphological, histological, and histochemical (AB-PAS) methods.It was found that the alimentary canal was comprised of the oropharyngeal cavity, esophagus, stomach and intestine, with diminutive oral fissure and a stomach configuration resembling the letter “U”.The intestinal morphology in S. szechuanensis was characterized by a straight forward folding pattern, in contrast to the intricate organization observed in M. omeiensis hangshuiensis, as indicated by intestinal coefficients of 1.43±0.08 and 2.46±0.21, respectively, signifying a substantial disparity. The pancreas was distributed throughout the hepatic tissue.The structural and characteristic attributes of the digestive systems in both species were evidently tailored to accommodate omnivorous feeding habits. In the oropharyngeal cavity, four distinct types of mucous cells were observed. The esophageal mucosa featured multiple layers of type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ mucinous cells within its epithelium. Conversely, there was predominant mucous cell type Ⅲ, with the presence of gastric glands limited to the cardiain gastric mucosa without goblet cells. Transitioning from the foregut to the hindgut, a gradual decrease in mucosal fold height, columnar cell and striated border thickness was noted, while goblet cell density exhibited an incremental trend. Four categories of mucinous cells were found in the foregut, without type Ⅰ mucous cells in the midgut and hindgut. In the case of S. szechuanensis,several key distinctions were observed, including significantly high densities of the four types of mucous cells in the oropharyngeal cavity, elevated density of type Ⅲ mucous cells in the caecum and pyloricus, increase in thickness of the pyloric muscle layer, and the posterior intestinal submucosa. The stomach of S. szechuanensis was also characterized by an abundance of gastric glands, housing all four types of mucous cells, featuring a typical portal area within the liver tissue. Conversely, for M. omeiensis hangshuiensis, notably density of heightened goblet cells was observed in the posterior intestine as compared to S. szechuanensis. It is postulated that S. szechuanensis primarily exhibits carnivorous tendencies within its omnivorous dietary preferences, while M. omeiensis hangshuiensis is more inclined towards omnivorous-herbivorous feeding habits.
2024 Vol. 43 (6): 934-943 [Abstract] ( 44 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (13816 KB)  ( 27 )
944 Fish Community Assembly in Xiangjiaba Reservoir Based on Phylogeny and Functional Traits
LEI Tianjiao, ZHANG Yun, ZHAI Dongdong, XIONG Fei, CHEN Yuanyuan, LIU Hongyan
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.23082
The fish community was investigated in the Xiangjiaba Reservoir of the lower reaches of the Jinsha River in the upper reaches of the Changjiang River in April, August and November 2017. Through phylogenetic and functional trait analysis, the mechanism of fish community assembly in the Xiangjiaba Reservoir area was explored from the spatial scale (Shaonüping in front part of the reservoir, Suijiang in the middle part of the reservoir, and Huixi in the end part of the reservoir) and time scale (2011 before the impoundment, 2015 one year after the completion of the impoundment, and 2017 three years after the completion of the impoundment). The results showed that the standardized effect of mean pairwise phylogenetic distances (SES.MPD) and standardized effect of mean pairwise functional distances (SES.MFD) in Shaonüping and Suijiang were negative, indicating that phylogeny and functional traits were more clustered than random communities, thus environmental filtering was a dominant ecological process determining the fish community in Shaonüping and Suijiang. The SES.MPD and SES.MFD were positive in Huixi, which exhibited phylogeny and functional traits that were more overdispersed than random communities, thus species competition was a dominant ecological process determining the fish community in Huixi. The SES.MPD and SES.MFD were negative before impoundment in the Suijiang section, which showed phylogeny and functional traits were clustered in the fish community, so environmental filtering derived in the community assembly before impoundment. However, one year and three years after impoundment, the results of the phylogenetic and functional analysis were inconsistent, and the environment after impoundment in the Suijiang section affected different aspects of fish community assembly through different filtering methods. Therefore, there were different mechanisms of fish community assembly in the Xiangjiaba Reservoir under different aspects. The findings will provide scientific guidance with assessment of ecological environmental impact of Xiangjiaba Reservoir and the protection of fish community in the reservoir.
2024 Vol. 43 (6): 944-954 [Abstract] ( 51 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3036 KB)  ( 97 )
955 Effects of Attapulgite on Growth, Digestion and Intestinal Flora of Koi Carp Cyprinus carpio
YANG Yuanyuan, TU Dongyu, YU Hong, FANG Zhenzhen, SHI Hongyue, SUN Xueliang, CHEN Chengxun
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.23096
In order to investigate the effects of different attapulgite additions on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, and intestinal flora and histological structure of koi carp Cyprinus carpio, 240 healthy and disease-free koi carp with body weight of (115.48±3.72) g were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates in each group and 20 fish in each replicate,and fed the basic diet containing 0% (control group), 3%, 5% and 8% of attapulgite for 28 days. The results showed that dietary attapulgite led to increase the activities of intestinal α-amylase, lipase and trypsin, with significant effect at 0% and 3% groups(P<0.05), even though without significant effect on the growth performance of koi carp (P>0.05). There were increase in the intestinal mucosal fold height and muscle thickness in the test groups compared with the control group, with significant effect at 3% and 5% groups (P<0.05). There were sequencing coverage of 99.8% in samples in each group, and the gradually gentle dilution curve, indicating that the sequencing results were reasonable and reliable. At the phylum level, the dominant bacteria were found to be Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria in each group, with the dominant bacteria of Cetobacterium, Bacillus, and Peptostreptococcus at the genus level. At different classification levels, the higher similarity of community composition was observed in the 0% and 3% groups, and the analysis showed that attapulgite promotes the reproduction of beneficial bacteria and improves the composition and distribution of intestinal flora.
2024 Vol. 43 (6): 955-964 [Abstract] ( 62 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (15001 KB)  ( 21 )
965 Anesthetic Efficacy of Two Anaesthetics on Juvenile Chinese Hook Snout Carp Opsariichthys bidens
ZHOU Ye, LUO Xiaonian, DUAN Youjian, LI Jiao, LUO Laixing, ZENG Xue, LIU Jiaxin
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.23062
In order to reduce the high mortality of Chinese hook snout carp Opsariichthys bidens due to stress during artificial reproduction and transportation, the Chinese hook snout carp with body weight of (99.17±7.43) g were held in a 3.0 m× 2.5 m× 1.5 m tank with water depth of 0.7 m, and exposed to MS-222 at concentrations of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 mg/L and 2-phenoxyethanol at concentrations of 0.18, 0.22, 0.26, 0.30, 0.34, 0.38 and 0.42 mL/L at water temperature of (12.0±0.5) ℃ to determine the optimal anesthetic dose with a survival rate of 100% in 15 min of anesthesia with 3 min into anesthesia and recovery in 5 min. The effects of water temperature on the anesthetic effect of these two anesthetics were investigated at the concentrations of 35 mg/L MS-222 and 0.34 mL/L 2-phenoxyethanol at water temerature of (12.0±0.5), (15.0±0.5), (18.0±0.5), (21.0±0.5) and (24.0±0.5) ℃. After the fish entered the deep anesthesia (A5) phase under the concentrations of the two anesthetics, they were exposed to air for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16 and 24 min, respectively, and then put back into clean water for recovery to evaluate the effect of anesthesia on air exposure. Anesthesia under 7 mg/L MS-222 and 0.10 mL/L 2-phenoxyethanol, the fish was simulated to the long-distance transportation in still water in a sealed and oxygenated plastic bag at water to fish weight ratio of 1∶25, 1∶20 and 1∶15 to test the final anesthesia state and behavioral characteristics during recovery. The results showed that there was the effective mass concentration of 30—35 mg/L MS-222 at (12.0±0.5) ℃, with the enhanced anaesthetic effect with the increasing concentration, and significant difference between all groups (20—40 mg/L) (P＜0.05). The Chinese hook snout carp was deeply anaesthetised by MS-222 at the optimal mass concentration of 35 mg/L with recovery rate of 100% in the fish with air exposure for 8 min. The Chinese hook snout carp was anaesthetized by 2-phenoxyethanol at 3 min and recovery at 5 min with an effective volumetric concentration of 0.30 to 0.38 mL/L, with the enhanced anaesthesia effect with increasing volume concentration, and significant difference among all groups (0.26—0.42 mL/L) (P< 0.05). Chinese hook snout carp deeply anaesthetised by the optimal volume concentration of 0.34 mL/L 2-phenoxyethanol had a recovery rate of 92% with air exposure for 8 min. The anaesthetic effects of the two anaesthetics were shown to be closely related to the water temperature, and the anaesthetic effects were increased with the increase in water temperature. The best 24 h transportation effects were found at 7 mg/L MS-222 and 0.10 mL/L 2-phenoxyethanol at a fish-water ratio of 1∶20. The findings provide technical support for improvement of the efficiency of artificial reproduction and culture and transport survival of Chinese hook snout carp via screening the appropriate anaesthetic drugs and dosages.
2024 Vol. 43 (6): 965-973 [Abstract] ( 58 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3691 KB)  ( 83 )
974 Alga Meals Affect Growth, Enzyme Activities, and Gene Expression of Leech Whitmania pigra
YAN Jingnan, WU Yirong, ZHANG Yuting, JIANG Lingli, GAO Youling
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.23061
In order to reveal the effects of alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Spirulina platensis meals as assistant diet on the growth, digestive enzyme and antithrombin activities, as well as related gene expression of leech Whitmania pigra, leeches with body weight of (4.15±0.03) g were randomly placed into transparent plastic boxes of each 8.5 cm×27.5 cm×13.5 cm at density of 20 individuals per box, and were fed snail S. quadrata (snail group) once a day, the snail + C. pyrenoidosa powder (chlorella powder group) and the snail + S. platensis (spirulina powder group) once every other day with triplicate for 30 days. The digestive tract tissues were dissected, frozen with liquid nitrogen, and the expressions levels of growth-related genes such as growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1), and expression levels of α α-glucosidase (α-GLU), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), protease (PT) digestive enzyme-related genes, and expression levels of immune-related genes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and hirudin gene (WP) were detected at the end of the experiment by MyiQ2 Two Color real-time quantitative PCR (Bio-Rad). The results showed that there was significantly higher body weight in chlorella powder group (P<0.05) in 10 d, 20 d and 30 d, significantly higher specific growth rate than that in snail group in 10 d, and significantly higher than that in spirulina powder group in 25 d and 30 d (P<0.05) . The leech had significantly higher food intake in chlorella powder group than that in other groups in 30 d (P<0.05), with significantly lower food conversion ratio than that in snail group in 10 d, and in spirulina powder group in 30 d (P<0.05). The survival rate was found to be over 91.67% in all groups. Moreover, significantly higher antithrombin activity was observed in spirulina powder group and chlorella powder group than that in snail group in 30 d (P<0.05), with significantly higher lipase activity in chlorella powder group than that in the other groups in 30 d (P<0.05). There were significantly higher expression levels of GH, IGF1 and PT genes in chlorella powder group than that in spirulina powder group in 30 d, while the significantly higher relative expression level of GH and PT genes in the chlorella powder group than that in snail group in 30 d (P<0.05) . In conclusion, C. pyrenoidosa meal as assistant diet in combined with S. quadrata led to significantly improve the growth performance, enhance the activities of lipase and anticoagulant, and affect related gene expression of W. pigra after 30 d feeding.
2024 Vol. 43 (6): 974-983 [Abstract] ( 56 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1987 KB)  ( 47 )
984 Species Composition and Primary Productivity of Microphytobenthos in Intertidal Zone of Yalu River Estuary in Spring
LI Ai, SONG Guangjun, TIAN Jin, WANG Kun, LIU Yan, WU Jinhao
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.23058
In order to explore the contribution of benthic microalgae in the intertidal zone of the Yalu River Estuary to the potential shellfish productivity in the tidal mudflat, species composition, abundance, biomass (as characterized by chlorophyll a content), demagnesium chlorophyll a content, and primary productivity were surveyed in the intertidal zone of the Yalu River Estuary on March 7—9, 2023 by microscopic technique and chlorophyll fluorescence technique. The results showed that two phyla(Bacillariophyceae and Chrysophyta)were identified including 29 genera and 64 species, with main group of Bacillariophyceae, and the dominant species of Nitzschia longssima and Navicula sp.. There was the average microphytobenthos number of 4.01×103 cells/cm2, with gradual decrease in both chlorophyll a and phaeophytin a with the increase in mudflat sediments, and several observed leaps in the vertical distribution of chlorophyll a in B1, B3, C2 and C3 stations, which might reflect the effects of bioturbation. There was mean concentrations of 0.59 μg/g for chlorophyll a and 0.93 μg/g for phaeophytin a in the top centimeter of sediment (0—1 cm). The descending order of species composition, abundance, and surface biomass distribution trends of microphytobenthos were expressed as 0.5 km>0.1 km>1.0 km offshore in horizontal distribution, which might be closely associated with photoperiod and sediment types of tidal areas in different offshore distances. The average primary productivity of microphytobenthos was estimated to be 16.7 g/(m2·h), and the annual productivity of shellfish to be 9.8×104 tons in the intertidal zone of the Yalu River Estuary, indicating that the natural food types and quantities provided by the intertidal zone of the Yalu River Estuary were suitable for the cultivation of shellfish in spring.
2024 Vol. 43 (6): 984-991 [Abstract] ( 64 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2489 KB)  ( 24 )
992 Antagonistic Effect of Enterococcus faecalis JSHY-R5 against Vibrio parahaemolyticus Causing Acute Hepatopancreatic Necroptosis Disease
WEN Mengying, JIANG Ge, XIANG Luoping, ZHOU Zijie, CHENG Jie, FAN Xianping, SHEN Hui
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.23068
Vibrio parahaemolyticus causing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (VpAHPND) was used as the test strain. Antagonistic strains were isolated and screened from the healthy Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei collected from the coastal areas of Jiangsu Province, identified by morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular biological methods, and their antagonistic effects and passive protection effects were evaluated. As a result, one antagonistic bacterial strain JSHY-R5 with good inhibitory effect against VpAHPND was selected, and identified as Enterococcus faecalis by morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. JSHY-R5 showed significant inhibitory effect on VpAHPND at 5∶1 inoculation ratio of JSHY-R5 to VpAHPND co-cultured. In vivo protection experiments, the survival rate of the healthy Pacific white shrimp challenged for 5-days by VpAHPND and exposed to JSHY-R5 group was increased by 26% compared to positive control group. The mRNA expression of V. parahaemolyticus adhesion factor VpadF was found to be decreased significantly in the shrimp(P<0.05). The mRNA expression levels of peneidins and hemocyanin in shrimp fed diet containing JSHY-R5 were shown to be significantly higher than those in the blank and positive group (P<0.05). The mRNA expression levels of Serpin in the probiotic and positive group were significantly higher than that in the blank group (P<0.05). The findings indicate that E. faecalis JSHY-R5 isolated inhibits VpAHPND infection, with characteristics of down-regulation of the mRNA expression of V. parahaemolyticus adhesion factor, and the mRNA expression of immune factors and enhancement of the host immunity to improve the survival rate of Pacific shite shrimp. JSHY-R5 has the potential to be used as feed additive in shrimp farming.
2024 Vol. 43 (6): 992-1000 [Abstract] ( 51 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (5693 KB)  ( 28 )
1001 Pathogenicity Analysis of Yeast Metschnikowia bicuspidata and Sensitive Drug Screening
XU Xiaoli, LUAN Kai, LI Hanlin, QIU Jinlai, ZHANG Peng, ZHANG Wei
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.23067
In order to explore the pathogenicity and environmental impact factors of yeast Metschnikowia bicuspidate(JMB-1), and to screen pathogenic sensitive drugs for control of “milky disease” in Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis, the median lethal concentration (LC50) of JMB-1 isolated from the diseased crab was determined in healthy Chinese mitten crab with body weight of (6.8±0.7) g by challenge experiments, the effect of temperature on infection was studied, and the pathogenicity of JMB-1 was explored. The sensitivity of JMB-1 to drugs was tested by Oxford cup plate assay, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of preferred drugs were tested. The results showed that the median lethal concentration (LC50) of JMB-1 was 1.05×105 cfu/mL in 14 days of infection at water temperature of 15 ℃, with positive correlation between the mortality of Chinese mitten crab and temperature in the range of 10—30 ℃. Challenge test revealed that JMB-1 concentration of 2.1×103 cfu/mL led to 90% mortality of Chinese mitten crab in 21 days under laboratory culture conditions (22 ℃). Chlorhexidine gluconate solution, nystatin and benzalkonium had a better inhibitory effect on JMB-1, with an MIC of 10, 10, 5 mg/L and an MBC of 20, 100, 10 mg/L, respectively. The crude extract of garlic also had a good inhibitory effect on JMB-1, and a dilution of 32 times killed JMB-1. The finding provides reference with the scientific prevention and control of "milk disease" in Chinese mitten crab.
2024 Vol. 43 (6): 1001-1008 [Abstract] ( 65 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1407 KB)  ( 35 )
1009 Current Status and Thinking on Green Feed Additives in Aquaculture of Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus
ZHAO Zhenjun, YE Bo, DONG Ying, WANG Xuda, WANG Xiaoyue, LIU Danni, LIU Guilin, ZHANG Qian, CAO Chen, GAO Xuewen, LI Mengyao, LI Shilei
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.23017
2024 Vol. 43 (6): 1009-1019 [Abstract] ( 101 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1186 KB)  ( 49 )
1020 Development and Prospect of On-Site Rapid Detection of Salmonids Viral Diseases: a Review
QIU Songyin, LIU Xiaofei, JING Hongli, MEI Lin, WU Shaoqiang
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.23046
2024 Vol. 43 (6): 1020-1026 [Abstract] ( 114 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1108 KB)  ( 33 )
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