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  • 月刊，1984年创刊
    主 管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
    主 办：包头医学院
    主 编：赵云山
    特邀主编：高长青
    编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
    国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
    国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
    邮发代号：16-292
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2025 Vol. 44, No. 6
Published: 2025-11-25
Research and Application
Overview and Specific Topic
 
       Research and Application
857 Peripheral Blood and Hematopoiesis Observation in Aspiorhynchus laticeps
FU Hongmei, YANG Jie, NIE Zhulan, WEI Jie, AI Tao, XIAO Qing
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.25046
To investigate the composition of blood cells and the process of hematopoiesis in fish Aspiorhynchus laticeps, and to provide insights into its ecological adaptation and supporting conservation efforts, peripheral blood smears and tissue imprints of kidney, spleen, and liver were prepared from A. laticeps,with body weight of(5.67±1.45) g, followed by Wright′s staining to analyze blood cell morphology, size, and proportions. Erythrocytes were found to be predominated in peripheral blood, and to exhibit elliptical or elongated cytoplasmic and nuclear morphology. The cytoplasm appeared to be pale red, with cell dimensions of (14.46±1.33) μm (major axis) and (8.44±0.73) μm (minor axis). Nuclei were centrally located, blue-purple in color, measuring (7.03±0.62) μm (major axis) and (3.43±0.32) μm (minor axis). Leukocytes included lymphocytes, thrombocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes, with the maximal proportion (88.09%) of lymphocytes. Hematopoiesis proceeded through primitive, immature, and mature stages, encompassing four lineages: erythrocytic, lymphocytic, monocytic, and granulocytic. Among hematopoietic organs, the kidney exhibited the maximal proportion of immature cells (30.82%), while the minimal activity (14.41%) was observed in hepatopancreas. The large erythrocyte size suggests that A. laticeps represents a phylogenetically primitive fish species. The kidney serves as the primary hematopoietic organ, with supplementary hemopoietic capacity observed in the spleen and hepatopancreas.
2025 Vol. 44 (6): 857-867 [Abstract] ( 126 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4661 KB)  ( 38 )
868 Culture Model of Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus clarkii Using Artificial Shelter in Ricefield Eel Monopterus albus Ponds
ZHANG Xiaorui, ZHOU Meng, LI Jianwei, XU Qing, TAN Dunbin, YAO Bo, YU Dahui, ZHANG Menghua, TAN Qingsong
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24204
To provide methods and theoretical basis for red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii [initial body weight (5.35±0.02) g] culturing using artificial shelters in ricefield eel Monopterus albus ponds, five experimental groups were established: three PVC pipe treatments within cages (group A: 0 pipes, group B: 30 pipes, group C: 60 pipes) and two inter-cage attachment rack shelter treatments (group D: 2 frames, E: 4 frames) for a 56-day trial. The results showed that there were significantly lower final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), and specific growth rate (SGR) in groups B and C than those in group D. However, there was significantly higher retention rate (RR) than that in group A. The crayfish had significantly lower condition factor (CF) in groups A and B than the crayfish in group D did, and had higher muscle rate (MR) and proportion of edible parts (PEP) than the animals in groups D and E did, with average yield of 3 364.05 kg/hm2 in Group D area and 3 780.45 kg/hm2 in Group E area. There was significantly lower serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in groups A, B and C than that in the other groups, and significantly lower serum total protein (TP) in group C than that in groups A and B. The significantly lower cortisol was found in group B than that in groups D and E. The serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) was shown to be significantly higher in groups A and B than that in other groups, with significantly higher serum alkaline phosphatase (ACP) in groups B, D and E than that in groups A and B. The crayfish had higher antioxidant capacity and desiccation tolerance in groups A, B and C than the animals in groups D and E did, with the best desiccation tolerance in the crayfish in group B. There was higher crude protein content in muscle in groups D and E than that in the other groups, with the higher crude protein content in whole body in group A than that in other groups. The muscular total saturated fatty acid (∑SFA) of muscle was shown to be significantly higher in groups B and C than that in the other groups, with the opposite trend in total monounsaturated fatty acids (∑MUFA), and without negative impact on the fatty acid composition of red swamp crayfish in cage culture. The results indicated that deploying 30 PVC pipes per cage led to significantly enhance survival rate and stress mitigation. Combined with inter-cage placement of 2 attachment racks, this configuration achieves 3300 kg/hm2 yield, indicating that establishing three-dimensional ecological niches to replace traditional submerged vegetation systems, simplifying management. This model synergistically improves P. clarkii health and farming benefit, offering an ecological solution for intensive aquaculture.
2025 Vol. 44 (6): 868-880 [Abstract] ( 80 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4435 KB)  ( 26 )
881 Genomic Identification and Expression Analysis of Collagen Genes Family in Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis
LIN Lehe, WU Qinjun, WANG Chun, ZOU Huafeng
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.25068
To explore the molecular basis of the hard and thick exoskeleton of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis, collagen gene (COL) family members were identified in Chinese mitten crab by bioinformatics. The physicochemical properties, chromosomal location, gene structure, and phylogenetic relationships of the encoded proteins were analyzed, and transcriptome data from muscles, gills, hepatopancreas, and zoea larvae of Chinese mitten crab and swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus were quantified using Salmon software. The results showed that there was significant evolutionary divergence in the phylogenetic relationships of COL gene family members among six species: swimming crab, Chinese mitten crab, green mud crab Scylla paramamosain, Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis, Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, and red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii. Transcriptomics revealed that high expression of COL4 was observed in muscle, gills, and hepatopancreas of both crab species, highlighting its key role in maintaining tissue structural integrity. The expression levels of all COL genes were found to be significantly higher in Chinese mitten crab than those in swimming crab in the zoea stage. In addition, expression of the EsCOL23A1 gene was not detected in muscle, gill, and hepatopancreas tissues. It is speculated that the EsCOL23A1 gene may be expressed in the exoskeletal tissues of zoea, playing an adhesive role in inorganic mineral adhesion. In summary, collagen, as a key structural component of crustacean tissue organs and exoskeletons, plays a crucial role in maintaining tissue integrity and improves inorganic mineral deposition in the exoskeleton. The finding provides essential theoretical foundations for advancing the understanding of crustacean exoskeleton developmental mechanisms and their regulatory networks.
2025 Vol. 44 (6): 881-889 [Abstract] ( 92 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (11715 KB)  ( 20 )
890 Effect of Different Diets and Fasting Periods on Respiration and Excretion of Juvenile Sandfish Holothuria scabra
LIU Xujia, HUANG Guoqiang, LIU Jing, JIANG Fajun, LAI Junxiang, LI Zhiqiao
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24188
In order to probe the effects of diet types and fasting period on the respiration and excretion of juvenile sandfish Holothuria scabra, sand fish weighing (1.07±0.07) g were reared in 21 L culture tanks (385 mm×260 mm×210 mm) at bottom with 2 cm thick layer of sea sand with grain size from 0.085 mm to <0.180 mm at salinity of 26—28 and water temperatures of 28—31 ℃, and fed shrimp diet, brown alga Sargassum powder, green alga Spirulina powder, sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicas diet, and fermented diet for 40 days. At the end of the feeding trail, sea cucumber 10 juveniles were randomly sampled from each group to be fasted for 1 day and 2 days, and the oxygen consumption rate and ammonia excretion rate were determined in 1 L conical flasks closed static water. The results showed the specific growth rate (SGR) was the maximum in the juveniles fed the commercial formula diet and fermented diet, significantly higher than those in the other three groups (P<0.05), with significantly higher in the Sargassum powder group than those in the Spirulina powder group and the shrimp diet group (P<0.05). The descending order of oxygen consumption rates under fasting for 1 day and 2 days in each group was expressed as shrimp diet > Spirulina powder > fermented diet > Sargassum powder > commercial formula diet. There were significantly higher oxygen consumption rates in the juveniles in the shrimp diet group than those in the other groups (P<0.05), with significantly higher in the juveniles fasted for 1 day than those fasted for 2 days for all five groups (P<0.05). The juveniles fed shrimp diet and fasted for 1 day had the maximal ammonia excretion rate, significantly higher than that in the Sargassum powder and formulated diet groups (P<0.05). The minimal ammonia excretion rate was observed in the juveniles fasted for 1 day in the shrimp diet group, significantly lower than that in the other diet groups (P<0.05), with significantly higher ammonia excretion rate in the juveniles fasted for 1 day than that in juveniles fasted for 2 days in the shrimp diet group (P<0.05), while for the other groups, the ammonia excretion rate under fasting for 1 day was found to be significantly lower than that under fasting for 2 days (P<0.05). The maximal O/N ratio was found in the juveniles fasted for 2 days in the shrimp diet group, significantly higher than that in the other groups (P<0.05), without significant differences in the juveniles fasted for 1 day among different diet groups. Except for the shrimp diet group, the O/N ratios under fasting for 1 day were found to be significantly higher than those under fasting for 2 days for the other diet groups (P<0.05). The maximal energy value increase was observed in individual juveniles in the commercial formula diet group, significantly higher than that in the other groups (P<0.05). The findings indicated that commercial formula diet and fermented diet were more conducive to the growth and metabolism of juvenile H. scabra, and that provided important data for the aquaculture production.
2025 Vol. 44 (6): 890-898 [Abstract] ( 65 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2408 KB)  ( 29 )
899 Establishment and Optimization of an Electroporation-Mediated Transfection System in Dwarf Surf Clam Mulinia lateralis
SUN Xiaohan, DAI Shukun, LIN Siyu, GUO Xiaolin, ZHAO Kaixuan, YANG Zujing, ZHANG Zhifeng, QIN Zhenkui
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.25096
Exogenous gene introduction technology plays a pivotal role in trait improvement of economically important aquatic species, particularly shellfish. However, the limitations of related technological platforms severely restrict the elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying critical traits and the advancement of genetic breeding. To identify suitable exogenous gene delivery methods for application in shellfish, a fluorescent reporter gene vector was constructed in the potential model shellfish species dwarf surf clam Mulinia lateralis using the ef1α gene promoter sequence, and the ptdTomato-ef1α2524 plasmid with high expression activity was screened through in vitro experiments. Subsequently, electroporation transfection was utilized to deliver the reporter plasmid into eggs of the dwarf surf clam. Electroporation parameters including voltage, pulse duration, pulse number, and plasmid mass concentration were optimized, and embryo-larval survival rates and transfection efficient were evaluated. It was found that the optimal electroporation were observed under conditions of seawater electroporation buffer, plasmid concentration 60 μg/mL, voltage 150 V, pulse duration 1 ms, and single pulse application. Under these conditions, there was transfection efficiency of (33.66±2.71)%. The results successfully realized efficient vector delivery into eggs of dwarf surf clam by electroporation, and established a shellfish-adapted electroporation technology platform. These findings provide robust technical support for molecular mechanism exploration, gene function studies, and breeding technology development in shellfish and other aquatic species, significantly promoting the advancement of gene editing technologies in mollusks.
2025 Vol. 44 (6): 899-907 [Abstract] ( 46 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (7188 KB)  ( 64 )
908 Molecular Identification and Agglutination Characteristics of C-Type Lectin Receptor in Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
ZHANG Huan, WANG Yaohua, YAN Maocang, HUANG Xianke, LUO Kui, LI Fang, ZHANG Min
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24151
In order to probe into the biological function of C-type lectin, the C-type lectin LvCTLP1 gene in hepatopancreas of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei with body weight of 20.328—22.478 g and body length of 18.2—20.6 cm was obtained by PCR, and the full-length sequence of the genetic gene was analyzed and its sequence characteristics were analyzed, and the tissue distribution of LvCTLP1 gene and the bacterial agglutination characteristics of the recombinant protein were analyzed by fluorescence quantitative real-time PCR. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the LvCTLP1 gene encoded a 723 bp cDNA sequence, containing a 459 bp ORF that translates into a 152-amino acid polypeptide. LvCTLP1 features an N-terminal signal peptide (21 amino acids) and a C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain (124 amino acids). The LvCTLP1 gene was shown to be the maximal expressed level in the hepatopancreas, with Ca2+-dependent bacterial agglutination activity in the recombinant rLvCTLP1 exhibited, specifically against Escherichia coli and Vibrio anguillarum. The agglutination activity of rLvCTLP1 against E. coli was found to be significantly inhibited by multiple saccharides, including D-glucose, D-galactose, D-mannose, D-fructose, maltose, sucrose, and alginose, indicating specific carbohydrate -binding capability of this lectin. These findings suggest that LvCTLP1 may function as a pattern recognition receptor capable of identifying bacterial pathogens through carbohydrate-PAMP interactions, thereby participating in antibacterial immune response of Pacific white shrimp.
2025 Vol. 44 (6): 908-918 [Abstract] ( 57 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (8128 KB)  ( 22 )
919 Community Structure and Biodiversity of Macrobenthos in Liaodong Bay
LI Jiandu, KONG Yefu, YAN Long, GUO Dong
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.25043
Macrobenthos constitute a crucial component of marine ecosystems and act as ecological indicators reflecting changes in the marine benthic environment. To investigate the community structure and biodiversity characteristics of macrobenthos in Liaodong Bay, in this study multiple bottom trawl survey datasets from Liaodong Bay were analyzed. By employing taxonomic diversity indices, species diversity indices, non-metric multidimensional scaling, one-way analysis of similarity, and similarity percentage analysis, we investigated the composition of dominant species, biodiversity, seasonal variations in community structure, and the taxonomic diversity level of macrobenthos in this sea area. The results are summarized as follows: a total of 141 macrobenthic species were recorded. A total of 68 macrobenthic species were collcoted in the seasonal survey, among which Mollusca constituted the most diverse group (24 species). The dominant species differed between spring and autumn, with Crustacea being predominant in autumn. The average similarity of macrobenthic communities was 24.43% in spring and 24.45% in autumn. Significant differences were observed between spring and autumn communities (P<0.001), and the average variation of macrobenthic communities between two seasons was 87.84%. The theoretical mean values of the Average Taxonomic Distinctness Index (Δ+) and Variation in Taxonomic Distinctness Index(Λ+) for Liaodong Bay trawl macrobenthos were 92.30 and 257.0, respectively. Both Shannon-Wiener and Simpson diversity indices were significantly lower in spring than those in autumn (P<0.05). Abundance-biomass curves indicated disturbed macrobenthic communities, with more pronounced disturbance in autumn. Furthermore, different sampling methods demonstrate distinct selectivity toward biological species. We recommend integrating multiple sampling approaches with long-term monitoring to provide a robust scientific basis for the sustainable management and conservation of macrobenthic communities.
2025 Vol. 44 (6): 919-928 [Abstract] ( 69 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3680 KB)  ( 28 )
929 Analysis of Plankton Community Characteristics and Influencing Factors in the Salmon Farming Area of Xinjiang
ZHAO Yiyang, YUSUF Jeyimay, LIU Chong, LI Chunyu, HAN Ruibang, LI Xiaoqiang, CAO Xinyu, WANG Tao, YAN Xiaofei
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24199
To understand the spatiotemporal succession characteristics of the plankton community structure and its correlation with environmental factors in the salmon aquaculture area at Nilka Hot Spring Reservoir in Xinjiang, a comprehensive survey was conducted and water quality physicochemical parameters were measured in August 2023 (summer), November (autumn) 2023, January 2024 (winter), and April (spring) 2024. The plankton community structure was analyzed by Redundancy analysis (RDA) to explore the correlation between plankton abundance and environmental factors. The results showed that a total of 35 species of phytoplankton were identified from 6 phyla, with dominant group of diatoms (Bacillariophyta), and 7 species of zooplankton were recorded from 4 phyla, primarily Cladocerans. The peak phytoplankton species richness was observed in summer and the minimal phytoplankton species richness in winter, with dominant diatoms in all seasons and significant changes in plankton abundance among sampling sites. RDA analysis revealed that water temperature (WT), total nitrogen (TN), pH, sulfide, and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) were the key environmental factors influencing the plankton community structure in the salmon aquaculture area, indicating that plankton community structure can serve as an effective biological indicator for ecological health assessing in aquaculture waters. To prevent excessive algal blooms and to provide a suitable living and breeding environment for salmon, it is recommended to enhance phytoplankton monitoring in summer and establish a nitrogen-phosphorus ratio regulation mechanism.
2025 Vol. 44 (6): 929-939 [Abstract] ( 63 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (6001 KB)  ( 20 )
940 Effects of Florfenicol on Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolism of Large Yellow Croaker
LIN Shengli, DAI Luyi, HUANG Chengzhang, GUO Antuo, WU Minghuang, ZHANG Weiyi, GAO Yang
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.25049
In order to investigate the toxic effects of florfenicol on large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea), large yellow croaker with body length of (11.21±1.24) cm and body weight of (14.53±2.12) g were reared in plastic PVC barrels with diameter of 1.0 m and water depth of 1.2 m, and fed diets containing 0.75 g/kg florfenicol (control group) and 3.75 g/kg florfenicol (high-dose group) at water temperature from 25.7 to 27.6 ℃ for 10 days. At the end of the fedding trail, intestinal tissues were randomly collected, and microbes, metabolome analysis and histological morphology observation were carried out to evaluate the effects of florfenicol on the gut microbiota and metabolome. Results showed that the α-diversity of gut microbiota was significantly decreased in the florfenicol-treated groups, with reduction in beneficial bacteria (e.g., Firmicutes) and increase in the proportions of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, leading to dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Metabolomic analysis revealed that there were decrease in beneficial metabolites such as S-methyl-L-cysteine in high-dose florfenicol treatment and increase in harmful metabolites like pyrrolizidine, while pathways related to aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, D-amino acid metabolism, and ABC transporters were enriched, potentially affecting host immunity and metabolic functions. Histological observation found that high-dose group florfenicol caused inflammation in the intestine of large yellow croakers. Overall, while florfenicol effectively inhibits pathogenic bacteria, it significantly disrupts the gut microbiota ecosystem of large yellow croaker, indicating that florfenicol should be used judiciously in aquaculture and that ecological regulation measures should be explored to minimize its adverse effects. The finding provides theoretical basis for the scientific application of florfenicol in large yellow croaker farming.
2025 Vol. 44 (6): 940-948 [Abstract] ( 60 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (12413 KB)  ( 19 )
949 Screening and Evaluation of Probiotic Potential of a Strain of Bacillus spizizenii XYCC11
SHANG Yukun, LIU Chenyuan, MAO Huili, HUO Jiawei, ZHU Lixing, ZHANG Xingxing, WANG Qiankun, SHEN Changchun, LI Saibo, GUAN Jianyi
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24181
In order to evaluate the probiotic potential of dominant bacterial strains isolated from intestine of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus using Aeromonas hydrophila as an indicator bacterium through the Oxford cup method. A strain XYCC11 with significant antagonistic activity was screened out by morphological characterization, physiochemical tests, and molecular analysis including 16S rRNA and housekeeping gene sequencing and its aquaculture application as probiotics and safety was systematically investigated through artificial infection tests, hemolytic assays, along with evaluation of antibacterial capacity, temperature/pH tolerance, and adhesion capability. Furthermore, the effects of XYCC11 supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, non-specific immunity, and liver function in grass carp were investigated. Results showed that XYCC11 as Bacillus spizizenii by integrated identification exhibited strong and stable antagonism against A.hydrophila among 12 intestinal isolates. Hemolytic tests confirmed its non-pathogenicity. Protease K treatment eliminated its antibacterial activity, indicating proteinaceous antimicrobial substances. The cell-free supernatant of XYCC11 showed inhibitory effects against four major pathogenic bacteria including A. hydrophila. The strain displayed remarkable tolerance to extreme pH and high temperature, with superior adhesion capability compared to non-intestinal isolates. The grass carp fed the XYCC11-supplemented diets for 60 days had significantly elevated weight gain rate and specific growth rate (P<0.05) and reduced food conversion ratio (P<0.05). There were elevated activities of alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase (P<0.05), and decrease in activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase (P<0.05), and malondialdehyde content in low-dose and high-dose groups (P<0.05). The significantly enhanced serum superoxide dismutase and lysozyme activities were observed in high-dose group at 60 days (P<0.05). These findings suggest that B. spizizenii XYCC11 represents a safe and effective probiotic candidate for grass carp, warranting further development as aquatic probiotics preparation.
2025 Vol. 44 (6): 949-961 [Abstract] ( 63 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4551 KB)  ( 32 )
962 Changes in Zooplankton Community Structure in the Adjacent Waters of Changjiang Estuary in Spring of 2023
LI Luping, XU Yongjiu, ZHOU Chang, ZHANG Zishuo, LIU Wanjin, ZHANG Yaoyi, HE Feifan, YU Jia
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24100
In order to understand the zooplankton community structure, species composition, major species and the relationship between zooplankton community structure and environmental factors in the waters adjacent to Changjiang River Estuary, the zooplankton community structure survey was carried out at 10 stations in the waters adjacent to the Changjiang River Estuary(N 30.0°—31.6°, E 122.9°—124.8°) in accordance with the Marine Survey Specification Part 6: Marine Biological Survey from April 7 to 10, 2023. The results showed that the zooplankton community structure was stable in the waters adjacent to the Changjiang River Estuary in spring, with a total of 6 phyla, 12 taxa and 39 species of zooplankton as well as 22 types of zooplankton larvae and eggs, juvenile fishes, with the absolute dominant copepods group, accounting for 31.2% of the total zooplankton species. The second dominant group was jellyfish, with 5 species identified, accounting for 8.2% of the total zooplankton species. The horizontal distribution of the Shannon-Wiener′s diveristy index and evenness index showed a trend of high in the south and decreasing in the north, while the distribution pattern of the abundance index was similar to the distribution of the number of species, with the distribution trend of high inshore and low offshore. The relationship between zooplankton community abundance and environmental factors revealed that salinity, as the main environmental factor, affected the zooplankton community abundance in the waters adjacent to the Changjiang River Estuary in spring 2023. The findings provide data support for understanding of the ecological mechanism of zooplankton in the Changjiang River Estuary.
2025 Vol. 44 (6): 962-970 [Abstract] ( 69 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (10054 KB)  ( 36 )
971 Isolation and Identification of a Bacillus cereus Strain Causing Red Body Symptoms in Kuruma Shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus
ZHANG Yang, YU Jiahan, ZHOU Xinyu, ZHANG Huimin, QI Junjie, YU Fei, ZHANG Jianxin, GAO Huan, XU Jing
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.25021
The suspected pathogenic bacteria were isolated, and purified from gills, hepatopancreas, intestines, and muscles of kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus with red-body symptoms in a breeding base in Ganyu District, Lianyungang City, and identified by Gram staining, physiological and biochemical index analysis, 16S rRNA sequencing identification, re-infection experiments, and drug sensitivity tests. The results showed that the strain was identified as a Gram-positive bacterium through Gram staining, arranged singly or in long chains. Physiological and biochemical identification indicated that the bacterium decomposed glucose, starch, gelatin, methyl red, acetoin, and catalase, and had lysozyme resistance, did not decompose mannitol and Simmons′ citrate, and grew in a "villous-like" form in the motility medium. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that the strain had 99% homology with strain Bacillus cereus. Combining the morphological characteristics and physiological and biochemical indices, the strain was identified as B. cereus and named LN-20240120. The re-infection experiment showed that the kuruma shrimp and Pacific white shrimp re-infected had red-body symptoms, and a single dominant bacterium was isolated from the hepatopancreas and intestines, while this bacterium was not isolated from the control group. Bacterial hemolysis experiments and detection of the virulence gene hblC were carried out, and the detection results showed that the dominant bacterium was hemolytic and carried the virulence gene hblC, indicating that B. cereus can also infect L. vannamei. The drug sensitivity results revealed that the bacterium was sensitive to cefradine, amikacin, gentamicin, erythromycin, midecamycin, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, thiamphenicol, and florfenicol, and resistant to penicillin, oxacillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, polymyxin B, and compound sulfamethoxazole. The finding for the first time found that the infection of B. cereus also made the body color of shrimps red, providing a new case for the pathogen diagnosis and prevention and control of shrimp red-body syndrome.
2025 Vol. 44 (6): 971-979 [Abstract] ( 58 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (7109 KB)  ( 24 )
980 Effects of Dibutyl Phthalate Exposure on Fatty Acid Metabolism in Water Fleas Daphnia magna
WANG Chenchen, SHEN Chenchen, GUO Tingting, GENG Shirong, YANG Miao, WANG Yuan, WEI Jie
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.25091
Fatty acids are sensitive to environmental changes and serve as important indicators for organisms to adapt to variable environments. To investigate the effects of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) on the lipid metabolism in aquatic organisms, water fleas Daphnia magna was exposed to DBP at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 1.0 mg/L (including a blank control) for 5 days. Subsequently, the composition and content of fatty acids in the organisms were analyzed. The results showed that D. magna contained 9 polyunsaturated fatty acids (46% of total, mainly α-Linolenic acid), 4 monounsaturated fatty acids (28%, mainly oleic acid), and 3 saturated fatty acids (26%, mainly palmitic acid). DBP significantly altered the fatty acid composition ratios (P<0.05),significantly higher proportion of saturated fatty acids (P<0.05), increased proportions of palmitic and stearic acids (P<0.05), and significantly reduced polyunsaturated fatty acids (e.g., α-Linolenic acid) in 0.8 mg/L DBP group (P<0.05). Analysis of fatty acid content demonstrated that total fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids contents in the 0.2—1.0 mg/L DBP groups all showed an initial increase followed by a decrease with the increasing DBP concentration; the 0.6 mg/L DBP group exhibited the highest monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids contents, with significant increases in oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid (P<0.05); water fleas in 0.8 mg/L DBP group showed the highest saturated fatty acids content, with palmitic acid and stearic acid being significantly elevated (P<0.05). In present study, 0.8 mg/L DBP represented the critical threshold for fatty acid metabolism disruption in D. magna. DBP induces toxic effects by interfering with fatty acid metabolism, suggesting that polyunsaturated fatty acid (particularly α-linolenic acid) may serve as potential biomarkers for DBP stress. The findings will help to better understand the toxic effects and toxic mechanisms of phthalate esters, and provide scientific basis for water pollution control and environmental monitoring.
2025 Vol. 44 (6): 980-988 [Abstract] ( 53 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4747 KB)  ( 10 )
989 Physiological Responses of Juvenile Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss to Salinity Acclimation
XIAO Yao, GAO Shan, ZHANG Guohan, SONG Gang, ZHANG Gaohua, ZHAO Daqian, JIANG Jingwei, DONG Ying, ZHOU Zunchun
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24150
To understand the physiological response characteristics of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss juveniles during the salinity acclimatization, triploid rainbow trout juveniles weighing (40.0±6.5) g were placed in a continuous aerated circular tank with a diameter of 1.0 m and a depth of 1.2 m at initial salinity of 0, and then increased daily in 6 increments 2 days later until a salinity of 30 on the 5th day. The temporal changes in the enzyme activities related to antioxidant function, osmotic pressure regulation, and digestion were analyzed in the juvenile rainbow trout during the salinity gradient process, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the liver and serum, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), the activities of sodium-potassium ATPase (NKA) in the gill filaments and kidneys, and amylase (AMS), trypsin (TPS), and lipase (LPS) in the liver and intestines. The results showed that the content of MDA in serum and the activity of SOD were found to be significantly increased in the mid-period of salinity acclimation (P<0.05), and then to be returned to the initial level in the post-period of salinity acclimation, with the inverse relationship between activities of CAT and SOD during the salinity acclimation process. The content of MDA was shown to be significantly increased in the liver in both mid-phase and post-phase of the salinity acclimation (P<0.05), with the overall low content (less than 1.0 nmol/mg) and without significantly change in the activities of SOD and CAT in the liver, indicating that rainbow trout juveniles can eliminate excessive reactive oxygen species produced by the body′s stress during the salinity acclimation process through the synergistic action of antioxidant factors such as SOD and CAT, and that the blood is the main tissue for rainbow trout to eliminate oxidative stress and free radicals. The activities of NKA in kidneys and gills were fluctuated slightly during the salinization process, with slightly lower than the initial level at the end of the process, indicating that the later stage of salinization consumed less energy for osmotic pressure regulation and were able to adapt to higher salinity environments in rainbow trout. It was found that the activity of AMS in liver and intestine was fluctuated slightly during the salinization process and returned to the initial level and the activity of TPS increased significantly in the middle of the salinization process and returned to a level close to the initial level at the end of the process. The activity of LPS was found to be decreased significantly during the entire salinization process, significantly lower than the initial activity level at the end of the process, indicating that the salinization process led to little impact on the digestion of starch in rainbow trout juveniles, but enhanced the digestion of protein in the middle of the salinization process, suggesting that the salinization process may led to increase the demand for protein-based nutrients. The digestion of lipid-based nutrients was inhibited in rainbow trout by the salinization process. Therefore, it may be more beneficial for rainbow trout to undergo salinity acclimation by appropriately increasing the protein content of the feed and adding probiotic agents to the diet that have good lipid-degrading effects to promote the absorption and utilization of nutrients, as well as by adding appropriate amounts of antioxidants to diet to reduce the energy consumption of removing excess oxygen-free radicals from the body.
2025 Vol. 44 (6): 989-996 [Abstract] ( 71 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1949 KB)  ( 23 )
997 Observation of Embryonic and Postembryonic Development of Great White Catfish Wallago attu
YANG Yang, ZHONG Tian, DING Huiping, PENG Li, WANG Yuesong, GAN Xing, CHEN Rui, SONG Rulin, ZHANG Zhiming
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24175
In order to investigate the embryonic and post-embryonic development of great white catfish Wallago attu, the domesticated wild great white catfish with body weight of more than 5 kg was firstly injected with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone A2 (LHRH-A2) 3 g/kg and secondly injected with LHRH-A2 9 μg/kg + dioxone maleate (DOM) 6 mg/kg + human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) 200 IU/kg. The fertilized eggs obtained by dry insemination were incubated in incubation box with small flowing water, and the development characteristics of embryos, larvae, and juvenile were observed, with the developmental timeline recorded. The results showed that great white catfish had spherical golden-yellow adhesive eggs. The mature eggs had diameter of (1.5±0.1) mm, and expanded to (1.7±0.1) mm upon water absorption. The entire embryonic development progresses were divided into nine stages, including fertilized egg stage, blastoderm disk stage, cleavage stage, blastula stage, gastrula stage, neurula stage, closure of blastopore stage, organogenesis stage, and hatching stage. The hatching thermal accumulation was found to be (651.51±15.00) ℃·h at water temperature from 26 to 28 ℃, with the tail being the first to break through the egg membrane. The newly hatched larvae had average total length of (4.4±0.5) mm, began “swimming” at 20 hours post-hatching, and initial feeding at 24 hours. Inadequate feeding often led to cannibalism, and the fish developed into the juvenile stage at 5 days post-hatching, and reached the young fish stage by 10 days, with total length of (52.0±4.3) mm, when the fin rays were fully developed, body coloration resembled that of adult fish, and the lateral bands were clearly visible. Great white catfish had good growth, with total length of (160.0±28.0) mm by day 30 post-hatching. The findings indicated that the mature artificial breeding technology led to great potential for aquaculture development.
2025 Vol. 44 (6): 997-1005 [Abstract] ( 57 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (8213 KB)  ( 36 )
       Overview and Specific Topic
1006 Characteristics and Protection Suggestions on Migratory Freshwater Fish in China: a Review
ZHANG Zhiming, ZHANG Dongya, CHEN Feng, MA Baoshan, GE Dexiang, YANG Yang, WEN Jingya, XIONG Mantang, WU Yajie, ZOU Xi
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24129
2025 Vol. 44 (6): 1006-1017 [Abstract] ( 89 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2434 KB)  ( 30 )
1018 Advances in Sex Determination and Monosex Breeding of Siniperca
ZHONG Simin, YE Shuzheng, LIN Shengyue, CHEN Weijian, LI Weibin, LI Sixun, HAN Chong, LI Qiang
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.25061
2025 Vol. 44 (6): 1018-1028 [Abstract] ( 81 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2404 KB)  ( 31 )
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