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  • 月刊，1984年创刊
    主 管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
    主 办：包头医学院
    主 编：赵云山
    特邀主编：高长青
    编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
    国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
    国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
    邮发代号：16-292
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2026 Vol. 45, No. 2
Published: 2026-03-25
Research and Application
Overview and Specific Topic
 
       Research and Application
173 Characteristics and Phylogenetic Analysis of Mitochondrial Genome between Chuanchia labiosa and Schizopygopsis pylzovi
WANG Tingkuan, LIU Zhe, QUAN Jinqiang, ZHANG Mingzhou, CHAI Chengju, MA Lingling, SONG Guolin, XIE Buzhong, LIU Zhijun
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.25145
In order to compare the structural characteristics of mitochondrial genomes and phylogenetic relationships between Chuanchia labiosa and Schizopygopsis pylzovi, so as to provide reference basis for the molecular identification and convergent evolution of endemic fishes in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, the complete mitochondrial genomes were sequenced, assembled, annotated, and then bioinformatics analysis was carried out in C. labiosa collected from the Xinglongshan section of the Wanchuan River, a tributary of the Yellow River and S. pylzovi collected from the Yongdeng section of the Zhuanglang River, a first-level tributary of the Yellow River by Illumina sequencing technology. The results showed that C. labiosa had the complete mitochondrial genome of 16 765 bp in length, containing 22 tRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 1 D-Loop control region, with nucleotides A+T content of 55.51% and the G+C content of 44.49%, indicating an obvious AT bias. While S. pylzovi had the complete mitochondrial genome of 16 746 bp in length, containing 22 tRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 1 D-Loop control region, with nucleotides A+T content of 55.48% and the G+C content of 44.52%, also showing an obvious AT bias. The results of phylogenetic analysis indicated that the fishes in Schizothoracinae were divided into two main clades, in which Schizopygopsis pylzovi had a relatively close evolutionary relationship with Gymnocypris eckloni chilianensis, while Chuanchia labiosa clustered with Gymnocypris przewalskii, showing a relatively close genetic relationship. The findings led to the difficult problem of morphological identification of special fishes to be solved and to offer important theoretical basis and basic data for understanding of convergent evolution and biodiversity conservation of fishes in Schizothoracinae.
2026 Vol. 45 (2): 173-185 [Abstract] ( 44 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (13584 KB)  ( 17 )
186 Optimization and Protective Effect of Complex Protectant for Rhodobacter Used in Aquaculture
CAO Haipeng, ZHANG Xiuxian, ZHENG Xurui, SONG Xincheng, WANG Chao, AN Jian
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.25064
To develop a complex protectant for Rhodobacter used in aquaculture and evaluate its protective effect on Rhodobacter, single excellent protectants for Rhodobacter were screened from 13 kinds of protectants by single-factor method using R. azotoformans SY5 as the screening indicator bacterium. The composite ratio of the screened single excellent protectants was further optimized by orthogonal tests to develop the complex protectant. Besides, the protective effects of the complex protectant on the illumination stability, storage survival rate and immunomodulatory property of Rhodobacter were analyzed for Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. The results showed that glucose, sucrose, mannitol, and trehalose were excellent protectants for Rhodobacter, with the optimal ratio of 12.5 g∶17.5 g∶12.5 g∶17.5 g. The resultant complex protectant developed under the optimal composite ratio led to enhance the illumination stability and storage survival rate of Rhodobacter at the optimal dose of 0.30 g/mL, to increase the 10-day survival rate of R. azotoformans SY5 at an illumination intensity of 4500 lx by 28.67 percentage point(P<0.05), and to enhance the 40-day storage survival rate of R. azotoformans SY5 by 72.83 percentage point(P<0.05). In addition, the serum activities of the R. azotoformans SY5 were found to be elevated from 0.32% (P>0.05) to 2.63% (P<0.05) in acid phosphatase, from 0.54% (P>0.05) to 3.91% (P<0.05) in superoxide dismutase, from 0.32% (P>0.05) to 3.22% (P>0.05) in catalase, from 1.07% (P>0.05) to 7.39% (P<0.05) in hepatopancreatic acid phosphatase, from 0.79% (P<0.05) to 2.09% (P<0.05) in superoxide dismutase and from 0.08% (P>0.05) to 2.13% (P>0.05) in catalase in the induced Chinese mitten crab by the dietary complex protectant, from 3.0 to 9.0 g/kg. The findings confirm the complex protectant as an excellent protectant for Rhodobacter with the ability to improve the illumination stability, storage survival rate and immunomodulatory performance, and can lay a foundation for the setup of the complex protectant based stability enhancement technology of Rhodobacter used in aquaculture.
2026 Vol. 45 (2): 186-196 [Abstract] ( 28 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1563 KB)  ( 8 )
197 Effects of Acute High-Temperature Stress on Survival, Enzyme Activity, and HSP90 in Bluefin Leatherjack Thamnaconus septentrionalis
ZHANG Guangming, CHEN Siqing, BIAN Li, YAN Junli, CHEN Ying, SHI Ying, DONG Yichao, PANG Jicai, JIA Sifeng, XIE Hongmei,　ZHANG Xiaojing
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.25048
In order to explore the physiological response mechanism of bluefin leatherjack Thamnaconus septentrionalis to different temperatures, juveniles bluefin leatherjack were kept in plastic buckets with a diameter of 60 cm and a capacity of 136 L at water temperature of 20 ℃ (control group), 25, 28, 31 ℃ or 33 ℃ (to determine the survival rate) for determination of survival rate, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), acid phosphatase (ACP) and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) gene expression. Results showed that the 24,48,72,96 h median lethal temperatures (LT50) for juvenile bluefin leatherjack were 31.7, 31.5, 31.2, and 31.1 ℃, respectively. T-AOC and enzyme activities were shown to be an initial increase, then decline under thermal stress compared to the fish in control group, with SOD activity peak at 28 ℃, and the maximum levels at 25 ℃ for other enzymes. HSP90 gene expression was found to be upregulated and subsequently downregulated, with the maximal expression level in the liver at 28 ℃ (21.6-fold higher than htat in the control). The short-term stress revealed that the optimal temperature was ranged from 25 to 28 ℃ for bluefin leatherjack, with avoidance in prolonged exposure above 28 ℃. It was found that HSP90 played pivotal role in mediating physiological adaptations to thermal stress, suggesting its utility as a biomarker for evaluating heat stress responses in this species. The finding provides critical insights to support sustainable aquaculture practices for bluefin leatherjack.
2026 Vol. 45 (2): 197-206 [Abstract] ( 32 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3737 KB)  ( 5 )
207 Bacterial Diversity of "Exophthalmia" in Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides Based on 16S rRNA Sequencing
HANG Yitong, LI Bingbu, HE Zhongwei, LIU Yufeng, CAO Wei, HAN Tian, HE Ziyang, WANG Guixing, REN Yuqin, GONG Chunguang, HOU Jilun
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.25121
In order to elucidate the shifts in bacterial community structure in diseased cultured largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in an outbreak of "exophthalmia" which was featured by bilateral ocular protrusion with opaque corneal membranes and suffered >90% of mortality in Tangshan, Hebei Province, February 2025, the dominant bacterial taxa was identified and the bacterial flora structure and diversity in the eyes and internal organs (excluding the intestine) were compared between the diseased and healthy fish using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Pseudomonadota was found to be dominant in diseased eyes, with decrease markedly (72.71% vs 87.50%—95.34% in healthy controls), and significant increase in Actinomycetota, Bacillota, and Bacteroidota at the phylum level. Paracoccus (0.997% vs 0.136%), Dietzia (1.293% vs 0.045%), Leucobacter (0.886% vs 0.062%), Glutamicibacter (1.057% vs 0.009%),Mammaliicoccus (2.320% vs 0.020%), Chryseobacterium (2.710% vs 0.373%), and Sphingobacterium (0.969% vs 0.057%) were showed to be selectively enriched in diseased eyes at the genus level. It was found that the exophthalmia in largemouth bass was likely driven by a polymicrobial consortium rather than a single pathogen, which provides critical insights for accurate diagnosis, prevention, and targeted control strategies.
2026 Vol. 45 (2): 207-216 [Abstract] ( 29 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (15295 KB)  ( 3 )
217 Adaptive Evolution and Expression Analysis of the FKBP12 Gene in Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis
JIAO Chuanzhen, TIAN Zhihuan
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.25095
To investigate the roles and adaptive evolution of FKBP12 in the growth, development, and nutritional metabolism of crustaceans, the cDNA encoding FKBP12 was cloned in Chinese mitten carb Eriocheir sinensis (EsFKBP12) with an average body weight of (10.95±2.25) g using RT-PCR methods, and its sequence, structural feature, and adaptive evolutionary sites were characterized by bioinformatics analyses. The tissue distribution of EsFKBP12 mRNA and the effects of eyestalk ablation and starvation (7 days and 14 days) on the expression of EsFKBP12 were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results showed that EsFKBP12 contained 109 amino acids, and its sequence, functional domains and sites were highly conserved among FKBP12s from diverse biological species, with a three-dimensional structure closely resembling that of human FKBP12. Six significantly positive selection sites were identified in the Brachyura group, located in important functional domains such as the β1 sheet region (6I), β1—β2 loop region (8T, 16W), β2—β3 loop region (35S), and β4/β5 sheet region (74R, 76V). An additional potential positive selection site(99T) was also identified. EsFKBP12 mRNA was widely expressed in stomach, intestine, hepatopancreas, and heart, except in the eyestalk. The significantly upregulated EsFKBP12 mRNA levels were observed in the hepatopancreas following unilateral eyestalk ablation, while starvation induced a tissue-specific expression pattern, with significantly elevated expression in cheliped muscle and decreased expression in the hepatopancreas. These findings provide a basis for further elucidating the role of FKBP12 in regulating growth, development, and nutritional metabolism in Chinese mitten crab and offer new insights into the adaptive evolutionary mechanisms of multifunctional proteins in crustaceans.
2026 Vol. 45 (2): 217-226 [Abstract] ( 30 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (8953 KB)  ( 16 )
227 Spatiotemporal Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Nutrients in Aquaculture Area at Yangma Island
WANG Lei, CHI Shoufeng, WANG Wenjun, LI Feng, WANG Shunzhou, ZHANG Shan
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.25124
To understand status and impact of the nutrient on shellfish culture in the aquaculture area at Yangma Island(N 37.5°—37.7°,E 121.5°—121.9°)(semi-enclosed bay), Yantai, Shandong province, the concentration changes, spatial distribution, and limitation characteristics of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), reactive phosphate (PO4-P), and silicate (SiO3-Si) were analyzed in the seawater at 43 stations arranged in a grid, with a water depth of 10—18 m at this area in summer cruises in August from 2019 to 2024, in accordance with the sites-sampling principle of near-shore density and far-shore sparseness, and combined with the accessibility of raft breeding areas. The results showed that there was the average DIN concentration of (7.92±5.79) μmol/L, with continuous decrease and spatial distribution pattern of gradual decrease from the nearshore to the offshore areas. The average concentration of PO4-P was found to be (0.174±0.130) μmol/L, continuous decrease and a spatial distribution pattern of lower values in the central area and high values around the periphery, thus forming a "central depression" deficiency zone in the middle of the aquaculture area. The average SiO3-Si concentration of (11.60±3.58) μmol/L was decreased gradually from the nearshore to the offshore areas. The nutrient structure was characterized by a significant PO4-P limitation, with median values of N/P ratio of 43.6 and Si/P ratio of 79.5, and the high-value zones primarily located in the central area of the aquaculture zone. Sharp declines in terrigenous nutrient inputs, and coupled with a rapid expansion of high-density farming of Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas led to persistent nutrient depletion and a concomitant imbalance in phosphorus cycling. This dual mechanism imposes multi-pathway stress on oyster physiology, leading to reduce condition factor and to elevate mortality. The findings indicate that rational stocking-density control and scientifically quantified reductions in nitrogen and phosphorus discharge are essential for restoring the ecological integrity of aquaculture zones and for ensuring the sustainable development of mariculture.
2026 Vol. 45 (2): 227-238 [Abstract] ( 19 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (13492 KB)  ( 3 )
239 Effects of Reproduction on Nutritional Composition of Foot Muscle in Male and Female Neptunea cumingii
SUN Yiqing, WANG Shuo, LI Hualin, LI Dacheng, TENG Weiming, SUN Yongxin, LIU Haijiao, WANG Qingzhi
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.25110
In the experiment, the differences and change patterns were systematically investigated in muscle nutritional components of male and female Neptunea cumingii before and after reproduction using biochemical analysis methods. Samples of female and male N. cumingii were collected during pre- and post-reproductive phases and divided into 4 groups according to reproductive stage and sex for analysis of protein, fat, glycogen, amino acid, and fatty acid contents. The results demonstrated that N. cumingii is a high-protein (16.1%—18.0%), low-fat (0.3%—0.6%) seafood with balanced nutrition and unique flavor. Post-reproduction, protein content in muscle of both female and male N. cumingii was significantly decreased, with decline rates of 7.2% and 10.6%, respectively. Total amino acid content was also decreased significantly, among which the essential amino acids lysine (decline of 12.5% in female, decline 14.9% in male) and leucine (decline of 9.5% in female, decline of 14.1% in male) showed significant consumption. Pre-reproduction, both fat content and glycogen content of male N. cumingii were significantly higher than those of females. Post-reproduction, both were found to be decreased in males and increased significantly in females, with sex differences becoming less obvious. Post-reproduction, the contents of functional fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were found to be decreased in both females and males, males showing greater decline rates. The reproductive activities were found to significantly affect the nutritional composition of N. cumingii muscle, with males showing more significant nutritional consumption, and sex differences tended to diminish post-reproduction. The findings can provide scientific basis for sustainable development of N. cumingii resources and formulation of precision aquaculture strategies.
2026 Vol. 45 (2): 239-247 [Abstract] ( 18 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1060 KB)  ( 10 )
248 Analysis and Evaluation of Main Muscular Nutritional Composition of Snail Sulcospira spp. in Five Regions of Guangdong Province
WANG Yuxiang, JIANG Haoyi, ZHANG Jiantao, FU Shengli, LU Jie, YAO Tuo, WANG Qingheng, YE Lingtong
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.25114
In order to investigate the characteristics of the main nutritional composition in the muscles of snail Sulcospira spp. from different regions in Guangdong Province, wild Sulcospira spp. with body weight of 3.36—5.22 g were collected from Longmen in Huizhou, Zijin in Heyuan, Conghua in Guangzhou, Lechang in Shaoguan, and Yangchun in Yangjiang in Guangdong province in June 2024, and identified for species by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Then the approximate nutrients and some mineral elements were determined by direct drying, micro Kjeldahl method, Soxhlet extraction method, combustion method (550 ℃), atomic absorption spectrometry, and the amino acid and fatty acid composition and contents were analyzed. The results showed that S.tonkiniana , S. hunanensis , S. hainanensis , S. paludiformes and S.tonkiniana were found in the the five regions. They contained average moisture of (75.33±0.89)%, crude protein of (17.22±0.40)%, crude fat of (2.88±0.76)% and crude ash of (1.08±0.69)% in muscle in the five regions, with major elements calcium (Ca) of(41.58±12.09) g/kg, phosphorus (P) of (7.51±0.68) g/kg, trace elements zinc (Zn) of (84.04±11.40) mg/kg, and iron (Fe) of (109.18±44.93) mg/kg. The maximal contents of moisture, crude fat and Ca were observed in Longmen area of Huizhou, the maximal content of crude protein, P and Fe in Longmen area of Shaoguan, the maximal content of crude ash and Zn, and the minimal content of crude fat in Conghua area of Guangzhou. A total of 18 kinds of amino acids were detected, with the essential amino acids (EAA) accounting for 24%, 28%, 26%, 28%, and 26% in the total amino acids (TAA), the maximal alanine in Longmen area of Huizhou, and arginine in the other four areas, followed by alanine. There were over 39% of flavor amino acids, and the main limiting amino acids were methionine + cysteine. A total of 28 kinds of fatty acids were detected, including 13 saturated fatty acids (SFA) accounting for 49.63%, 48.28%, 46.54%, 49.57%, 49.57%, 7 monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) accounting for 18.09%, 17.43%, 13.31%, 17.39%, 17.37%, and 8 polyunsaturated fatty acids accounting for 32.28%, 34.28%, 40.15%, 33.04%, 33.06%. In conclusion, there were differences in the nutritional components in muscles of Sulcospira spp. among different regions in Guangdong. From the perspective of essential amino acid index, Sulcospira spp. from Zijin area of Heyuan and Conghua area of Guangzhou were better, but Sulcospira spp. from the five regions were all featured by high protein and low fat, with high nutritional value and certain development potential.
2026 Vol. 45 (2): 248-258 [Abstract] ( 16 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3939 KB)  ( 3 )
259 Screening of qRT-PCR Reference Genes in Different Tissues of Green Sunfish Lepomis cyanellus
QIN Lipeng, CAO Lu, ZHANG Huiman, LIU Qing, LIU Shaozhen, SONG Jing
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.25172
In order to screen out the reference genes suitable for different tissues of green sunfish Lepomis cyanellus, the expression levels of six candidate reference genes, ubiquitin folding modifier gene (ufm1), α-tubulin gene (TUBA), cytochrome b gene (CYTB), precursor protein transporter gene (SEC62), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (GAPDH) and β-actin gene (ACTB), were detected in intestine, liver, muscle, brain, gill, gonad and other tissues in 9 samples of green sunfish by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Stability of the candidate reference genes were evaluated by Norm Finder and BestKeeper software, and these algorithms were summarize by ReFinder to screen out the best reference genes. The results showed that the specific amplification products were found by quantitative PCR primers of the six candidate reference genes. The descending order of the expression levels of the six candidate reference genes in different tissues were ranked as CYTB>TUBA>ufm1>SEC62>ACTB>GAPDH, with the most stable reference gene of CYTB in the intestine, ufm1 in liver, muscle, gill and gonad, and TUBA in brain screened by ReFinder. The paired difference analysis by geNorm software revealed that at least two optimal candidate reference genes should be used. There was similar expression stability of ufm1 and TUBA in different tissues, with the overall best stability. The findings can be used for qRT-PCR analysis of gene expression differences in different tissues of green sunfish, and provide reference genes and theoretical basis for future gene expression analysis of green sunfish.
2026 Vol. 45 (2): 259-268 [Abstract] ( 21 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (8615 KB)  ( 5 )
269 Community Structure and Biodiversity Analysis of Fish in Yichun Section of Lower Ganjiang River
HU Pingge, LENG Jianghe, YUAN Jianguo, ZHOU Liling, CHEN Lyuming, CAI Luo, WEN Yun, YANG Xilan
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.25076
In order to investigate the characteristics and diversity of the fish community in Yichun section of lower Ganjiang River, fish stock resources were surveyed in 5 sampling sites(Xiaogang, Yangliuhu, Quangang, Damatou and Yongtai) by gillnets with mesh size of 2—14 cm in Yichun section of lower Ganjiang River in July (summer) and November (winter) from 2023 to 2024. The results showed that a total of 60 fish species were identified in the four surveys, belonging to 7 orders, 12 families and 42 genera, with the major species in Cyprinidae in Cypriniformes (species proportion of 65% in total) and the dominant species Parabramis pekinensis and Xenocypris argentea. For ecological species, omnivore fishes and lower-middle fishes were found to be the main species. There was relatively high fish biodiversity in the Yichun section of lower Ganjiang River and the relatively stable diversity characteristic during the summer and autumn seasons. The cluster analysis revealed that the fish community from 2023 to 2024 was divided into four groups, one group in most of the sampling sites, one group at sampling site in Xiaogang in the autumn of 2023 and the autumn of 2024, and one independent group at sampling points of Damatou in the autumn of 2023 amd Xiaogang in the autumn of 2024. Abundance biomass curves (ABC) indicated that the fish community at Quangang was disturbed continuously during the survey period. It was found that the fish resources were abundant and the community was relatively stable in Yichun section of lower Ganjiang River. Water temperature and sand mining activities might be the main factors influencing fish diversity in Yichun section of lower Ganjiang River.
2026 Vol. 45 (2): 269-279 [Abstract] ( 23 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (11790 KB)  ( 7 )
280 Key Technology for Seedling Culture of Gametophyte in Kelp Saccharina japonica
SUN Juan, CHEN Shuxiu, ZHAO Nan, SHI Liang, WANG Weiwei, LI Xiaojie, LI Xia
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.25086
In order to improve the utilization rate of gametophyte and seedling breeding efficiency in kelp Saccharina japonica, the suspension of about 100 μm of cell segments after 30—60 s of breaking up the female and male gametophytes was mixed evenly, added to a petri dish (φ=12 cm), and placed under white light, blue light, red light, and red-yellow blue light and available nitrogens of NaNO3, CO(NH2)2, NH4NO3, NH4Cl, and NH4HCO3 at concentrations of 10 mg/L. The technology of multiple seedling attachment of gametophytes was developed in the seedling stage, and the effects of double-curtain culture methods and different seedling environments on seedling growth were investigated, and the key technology of gametophyte seedlings was optimized. When the first seedlings were cultivated to the newly trans-sporophytes, the well-developed gametophytes were collected with 38 μm sieve silk and sprayed on the new seedling curtain for the second seedlings. When the seedlings of the first seedling were cultivated to 2—4 rows of juvenile sporophytes, washed the seedling curtain again, collected the sporophytes and a small amount of gametophytes, and sprayed them on the new seedling curtain for the third seedlings. The results showed that the developmental rates of gametophyte were significantly improved under blue light and urea as nitrogen source. The seedlings on the second and third attached seedling curtains were shown to grow well, with the poor length than that on first attached seedling curtain. The seedlings were required to be cultured in 48 d for stocking on the sea for the first attached seedlings, 39 d for the second ones and 33 d for the third ones, with the shortened breeding cycle. The seedlings were shorter in length in the lower layer of the double-layer curtain than those in the upper layer due to short illumination period, and the size and shape of the seedlings were affected by the environment of the breeding pool, and thus adjusting the position of the seed curtain in the breeding pool was beneficial to the uniformity of seedling sizes. The comprehensive utilization of multiple attachment techniques and double-layer curtain culture methods not only improved the utilization of gametophyte, but also improved the seedling yield per unit water surface and shortened the breeding cycle and reduce in the production cost.
2026 Vol. 45 (2): 280-287 [Abstract] ( 16 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4376 KB)  ( 3 )
288 Effects of Different Weaning Diets on Growth and Survival of Larval Gymnodiptychus pachycheilus
DENG Junwen, WU Huanhuan, LIU Maochun, HUANG Xuexiao, MU Xian, GU Zhengxuan, ZHANG Huan, XU Huajian, DING Yao, LIU Yong, YUAN Hailin, DENG Junqiang
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24212
The Gymnodiptychus pachycheilus is a second-class nationally protected wild animal and a vulnerable species with a key role in maintaining fish biodiversity in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. In order to investigate the effects of starter feed on early growth and survival, Artemia, rotifers, and commercial feed were used to feed the larvae of G. pachycheilus for 21 days and recorded growth and survival rate. The results showed that the larvae fed Artemia and rotifers had significantly higher body weight and total length in 0—7 days than those in the larvae fed commercial diet did (P<0.05), thus priority to use biological food is recommended in the 0—7 days. After the 7th day, however, high specific growth rate of 6.79%/d was observed in the larvae in the Artemia group, while the specific growth rate was dropped sharply from 5.83%/d (0—7 days) to 2.12%/d (7—14 days) in the rotifers group, indicating that the suitability of rotifers was shown to be decreased significantly after 7 days. There was survival rate of 90.17% in the Artemia group, significantly higher than that in other groups (P=0.015). It is recommended to adopt a two-step feeding strategy: use of Artemia or rotifers from 0 to 7 days, and after 7 days, switching to feeding Artemia alone, which can not only ensure the growth rate, but also minimize the mortality rate to the maximal extent.
2026 Vol. 45 (2): 288-295 [Abstract] ( 20 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1745 KB)  ( 7 )
296 Comparison of Genetic Diversity between Invasive and Native Populations of Icefish Neosalanx taihuensis
CAO Yining, REN Jing, WANG Dong, ZHAI Dongdong, LIU Hongyan, XIONG Fei, LIU Mingdian, DUAN Xinbin
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.25102
In order to elucidate the genetic diversity differences between the invasive range and the native range of icefish Neosalanx taihuensis,the sources of invasion, the pathways, and the processes involved in the invasive range were investigated using the mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene sequence as a molecular marker to analyze the genetic diversity and structure in 416 samples of icefish Neosalanx taihuensis from 6 native(Taihu Lake, Hongze Lake, Chaohu Lake, Bohu Lake, Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake) and 10 invasive locations(Chengdong Lake, Xujiahe Reservoir, Swan Island, Wushan, Shaonuping, Suijiang River, Qionghai Lake, Ertan Reservoir, Fuxian Lake and Erhai Lake). The results showed that the overall genetic diversity was found to be higher in the native locations (Hd: 0.777; Pi: 0.002 65) than that in the invasive locations (Hd: 0.661; Pi: 0.001 23), potentially due to the founder effect. However, the genetic diversity was shown to be higher in Suijiang and Wushan than that in the native locations, possibly due to multiple introductions in the invasive locations, which may have compensated for the decrease in genetic diversity caused by the founder effect. AMOVA revealed the majority of genetic differentiation among populations of the icefish, with a significant fixation index (Fst=0.435 56, P<0.05), indicating that there was significant genetic differentiation among populations of the icefish, and pairwise population genetic differentiation indices also confirmed this opinion point. UPGMA clustering analysis showed that the 10 invasive locations were clustered into one group with Chaohu Lake, Dongting Lake, and Hongze Lake, while Taihu Lake, Poyang Lake, and Poyang Lake formed another group, suggesting that the source populations for the invasive locations were Chaohu Lake, Dongting Lake, and Hongze Lake. It was found that the haplotype network exhibited a star-like distribution, indicating that the haplotypes of the icefish evolved from a few ancient haplotypes, with haplotype Hap3 showing an invasive advantage and found in many invasive locations. In summary, Neosalanx taihuensis exhibited a genetic pattern characterized by high haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity, which may be one of the intrinsic mechanisms for its widespread successful invasion. As multiple introductions can increase the genetic diversity of the Neosalanx taihuensis and have an ecological impact on the local environment, it is advisable to avoid such practices to prevent potential negative consequences. The finding provides fundamental data with the population management of Neosalanx taihuensis and also offers theoretical basis for the protection and sustainable development of the ecological environment in the invasive range.
2026 Vol. 45 (2): 296-304 [Abstract] ( 16 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (8274 KB)  ( 9 )
305 Impact of Marine Ranching on Spatial Distribution of Fish Resources in South Sea Area of Yintan in Beihai, Guangxi
YU Jie, ZOU Jianwei, CHEN Guobao
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.25078
To evaluate the ecological effects of marine ranching on fish resources,bottom trawl surveys were conducted in three habitats including reef zone (west artificial reefs adjacent to the sea),transition zone, and control zone in the National Marine Ranching Demonstration Area off Yintan, Beihai City,Guangxi in spring (April 2022) and winter (January 2023). Results showed that there was higher fish species richness (35 species in spring, and 39 in winter) in the artificial reef zones than those in the transition zone and control zone, as 1.06—1.08 times and 1.52—1.86 times as those in the transition zone and control zone, respectively. Paerargyrops edita and Leiognathus ruconius served as common dominant species across seasons,complemented by L. brevirostris and Trachurus japonicus in spring, and Acanthopagrus schlegelii, Konosirus punctatus,and Chaeturichthys stigmatias in winter. The Shannon-Wiener index peak was observed in the reef zone during spring (H′=1.91) and the transition zone during winter (H′=2.97), with biomass density gradient from the artificial reef zone to control zone: 709.71→370.29 kg/km2 (spring) and 832.96→305.57 kg/km2 (winter). Notably,winter number density in the reef zone (30.12×103 ind./km2) was shown to be significantly exceeded that in the adjacent zones. The finding confirms that artificial reefs significantly enhance fish aggregation, which contributes to resource restoration through targeted habitat modification.
2026 Vol. 45 (2): 305-313 [Abstract] ( 24 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3502 KB)  ( 11 )
314 Comparison of Blood Cells in Normal and Diseased Large Yellow Croaker Larimichthys crocea with Visceral White Spot Disease
HUANG Weiqing, LI Tingting, WU Xiaoxuan, DING Jianfa
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.25057
In order to investigate the structural changes of the blood cells of large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea infected with visceral white spot disease, the blood cells of normal and diseased large yellow croaker weighing (34.13±0.34) g with visceral white spot disease were comparatively investigated for individual size and leukocyte sorting ratio under microscopic and ultramicroscopic observation. The results showed that there were five types of blood cells including erythrocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, thrombocytes, and monocytes in large yellow croaker. The erythrocytes of large yellow croaker infected with visceral white spot disease were structurally characterized by disintegration of the nucleus, cleavage of the nucleolus into microsomes, or deep staining of the nucleus, deformation of the nuclear membrane, folds and cristae, and condensed, deep staining of the cytoplasm, with the morphology of a pike shape or an irregular type. There were significantly smaller neutrophils, lymphocytes and thrombocytes in the infected fish than those in the normal group (P<0.05), with the significantly larger ratio of the long diameter to the short diameter of erythrocytes, lymphocytes and thrombocytes than those in the normal group (P<0.05). The proportions of lymphocytes (15.67±1.27)% and thrombocytes (19.75±1.02)% were shown to be significantly reduced (P<0.05) in the fish infected with visceral white spot disease, while the proportions of neutrophils (13.86±3.12)% and monocytes (30.70±1.38)% were significantly increased (P<0.05) compared with the normal group. The findings provide theoretical basis for the diagnosis and prevention of visceral white spot disease.
2026 Vol. 45 (2): 314-320 [Abstract] ( 18 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4913 KB)  ( 8 )
       Overview and Specific Topic
321 Research on Application of Epigenetic Modification in Fish Genetic Breeding: a Review
LU Yan, HUANG Hai, CAO Liu, WU Yatong, LI Binbin, LIU Xiyao, XU Ying
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.25108
2026 Vol. 45 (2): 321-331 [Abstract] ( 38 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (6341 KB)  ( 12 )
332 Research Progress on Key Technologies for Precision Feeding in Fish Aquaculture
YAO Chunjing, LIU Huang, LIU Shijing, ZHANG Fan, QI Renyu, ZHU Chen
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.25166
2026 Vol. 45 (2): 332-340 [Abstract] ( 27 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (6425 KB)  ( 15 )
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