Abstract：In order to investigate the toxic effects of florfenicol on large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea), large yellow croaker with body length of (11.21±1.24) cm and body weight of (14.53±2.12) g were reared in plastic PVC barrels with diameter of 1.0 m and water depth of 1.2 m, and fed diets containing 0.75 g/kg florfenicol (control group) and 3.75 g/kg florfenicol (high-dose group) at water temperature from 25.7 to 27.6 ℃ for 10 days. At the end of the fedding trail, intestinal tissues were randomly collected, and microbes, metabolome analysis and histological morphology observation were carried out to evaluate the effects of florfenicol on the gut microbiota and metabolome. Results showed that the α-diversity of gut microbiota was significantly decreased in the florfenicol-treated groups, with reduction in beneficial bacteria (e.g., Firmicutes) and increase in the proportions of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, leading to dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Metabolomic analysis revealed that there were decrease in beneficial metabolites such as S-methyl-L-cysteine in high-dose florfenicol treatment and increase in harmful metabolites like pyrrolizidine, while pathways related to aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, D-amino acid metabolism, and ABC transporters were enriched, potentially affecting host immunity and metabolic functions. Histological observation found that high-dose group florfenicol caused inflammation in the intestine of large yellow croakers. Overall, while florfenicol effectively inhibits pathogenic bacteria, it significantly disrupts the gut microbiota ecosystem of large yellow croaker, indicating that florfenicol should be used judiciously in aquaculture and that ecological regulation measures should be explored to minimize its adverse effects. The finding provides theoretical basis for the scientific application of florfenicol in large yellow croaker farming.
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