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月刊，1984年创刊
主管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
主办：包头医学院
主编：赵云山
特邀主编：高长青
编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
邮发代号：16-292

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2015 Vol. , No. 9 Published: 2015-09-25

Article

	583	Growth of Sea Cucumber and Water Quality Features in Polyculture of Sea Cucumber with Seaweeds Sargassum thunbergii and Gracilaria lichenoides
		WANG Jun,TIAN Xingli,JIANG Wenlian
		Juvenile sea cucumber A postichopus japonicus with body weight of (5 .07 ± 0 .45) g was stocked at a rate of 11 ind/m2 and polycultured in a bamboo made 4 m(width) × 4 m(length) × 1 .5 m(height) grid tied by PVA strings of sea weeds Sargassum thunbergii with body length of (31 .7 ± 10) cm [body weight of (2 .32 ± 1 .2) g] at a rate of 187 .5 g/m2 (A1 ) ,375 g/m2 (B1 ) ,562 .5 g/m2 (C1 )and 750 g/m2 (D1 )for 45 days and Gracilaria lichenoides with the same size at a rate of 250 g/m2 (A2 ) ,500 g/m2 (B2 ) ,750 g/m2 (C2 )and 1000 g/m2 (D2 ) for 60 days in a pond .The polyculture was conducted alternatively ,that is ,G . lichenoides was stocked later into the grids (A2 ,B2 ,C2 andD2 ) which S .thunbergii was tied initially (A1 , B1 ,C1 and D1 ) .The growth of the sea cucumber and sea weeds and levels of chlorophyll a ,total nitrogen (TN) ,total phosphorus (TP) and total organic carbon (TOC) were determined in a 15 day interval .The results showed that there was higher specific growth rate (SGR)in the sea cucumber polycultured with the seaweeds than in the sea cucumber in monoculture , significantly higher in polyculture C than in the monoculture(P < 0 .05) .The chlorophyll a level was shown to be declined in the polyculture water with increase in net yield of the sea weeds .There were significantly lower levels of TN ,TP and TOC in the sediments in the polyculture than those in the monoculture of sea cucumber(P < 0 .05) .
		2015 Vol. (9): 583-589 [Abstract] ( 99 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (1177 KB) ( 483 )

	590	Comparative Study on Muscle Nutritional Quality of Yellow River Carp Populations and Jian Carp Population from Various Areas
		WANG Bingbing,SUN Haikun,SUN Jianfu,HAN Yuzhe,JIANG Zhiqiang
		The proximate composition ,amino acid profiles and fatty acid compositions were comparativey analyed in muscle of three Yellow River carp Cyprinus carpio populations collected from Shaanxi Xinmin Chinese carp stock farm(SX) ,Zhengzhou Yellow River carp thoroughbred farm(ZZ) ,Huayuankou section of Yiluo River (YL)and Jian carp (JL) collected from Dandong Yingbo Yalu River ecological technology Co .Ltd .The results showed that there were no significant differences in moisture and ash between the various groups ( P> 0 .05 ) . In addition to crude fat of ZZ , the Yellow River carp populations had significantly lower muscular compositions than C .carpio var .jian farmed population(JL) did and ,crude protein of SX was significantly higher than the other three carp populations(P<0 .05) .The maximal total amino acids ,essential amino acids and total amino acids were observed in SX ;contents of essential amino acids in descending order was SX>YL>JL>ZZ .Essential amino acid index (EAAI) of JL was the highest with the average of 90 .11 .Content of monounsaturated fatty acids was the highest in ZZ ;content of polyunsaturated crude fatty acids of JL was the highest ,rather than the maximal total amount of saturated acids was observed in SX ,meanwhile the highest value of essential fatty acids was found in YL .According to nutrition evaluation in amino acids score(AAS)and chemical score(CS) ,the first limited amino acid was valine AAS in four common carp populations ,second limiting amino acids were isoleucine(Ile);CS second limiting amino acids were methionine + cysteine(Met + Cys) .
		2015 Vol. (9): 590-595 [Abstract] ( 71 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (725 KB) ( 263 )

	596	Short-term Effects of Abamectin on Water Quality and Community Structure of Plankton in Freshwater Aquaculture Ponds
		DONG Jiasha,HE Xugang,DENG Min,YOU Xin,LIU Quansheng,QIN Ya,CHEN Rong
		T he short‐term effects of abamectin (0 .0375 mL/m3 ) on plankton community structure and water quality parameters were evaluated in three ponds with grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) as dominant species in Chonghu Lake (Gong’an ,Hubei) .The nitrate level was decreased significantly , whereas nitrate nitrogen ,ammonium nitrogen and total nitrogen were increased significantly .There were no significant differences in levels of phosphorus ,and soluble phosphate and in pH value .The microscopic examination showed 6 phyla with 80 species of phytoplankton ,32 genera with 41 species of zooplankton before abamectin administration ,and 7 phyla with 94 species of phytoplankton ,38 genera with 48 species of zooplankton after abamectin administration .Among them ,10 species of protozoa ,5 species rotifers ,9 species Chlorophyta ,1 species Bacillariophyta and 2 species Euglenophyta were only found before the application of abamectin;9 species protozoa ,10 species rotifers ,3 species adult copepods ,10 species Chlorophyta ,8 species Bacillariophyta , 7 species Euglenophyta , 1 species Pyrrophyta and 1 kind of Chrysophyte were only found after the application of abamectin .The dominant species of phytoplankton and zooplankton were changed significantly , and miniaturization species increased after the abamectin administration .The density and biomass of protozoa and cladocera were decreased significantly , the number of copepods increased significantly ,whereas the density and biomass of rotifers did not change much .Abamectin might result in drastic fluctuations in the density and biomass of phytoplankton such as Euglenophyta ,Cyanobacteria and Pyrrophyta .The application of abamectin in pond might easily lead to euglena blooms .The findings suggested that abamectin should be used with caution .
		2015 Vol. (9): 596-604 [Abstract] ( 106 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (1274 KB) ( 293 )

	605	Effects of Photoperiods on Biomass,Astaxanthin Accumulation and Antioxidative Capacity in a Green Alga Haematococcus pluvialis
		JIANG Hongxia,LIN Xiongping,LEI Mengyun,KONG Xianghui
		The effects of photoperiods (0L∶24D ,4L∶20D ,8L∶16D ,12L∶12D ,16L∶8D ,20L∶4D and 24L∶0D) on biomass(cell density and dry weight) ,astaxanthin content(astaxanthin content perunit dry weight and astaxanthin content per cell) ,malondialdehyde content and total antioxidant capacity were investigated in green alga Haematococcus pluvialis . The biomass was determined by microscopic cells counting method and direct weighing method , and the astaxanthin content , malondialdehyde content and total antioxidant capacity were measured by a spectrophotometric method .The results showed that the biomass and malondialdehyde content were first increased and then decreased ,whereas astaxanthin content and total antioxidant capacity increased with the extension of daily illumination time .The biomass and malondialdehyde content reached the maximum values under photoperiod of 16L ∶ 8D ,and were significantly higher than those under continuous darkness and continuous illumination (P< 0.05) .The maximal astaxanthin content and total antioxidant capacity were obtained under continuous illumination ,and were significantly higher than those under illuminations of less than 20 hours per day (P<0.05) .There was no significant difference in biomass ,astaxanthin content per cell and malondialdehyde content between the two groups of algae under photoperiod of 20L∶4D and continuous illumination(P>0 .05) , whereas there was significant difference in astaxanthin content per dry weight and total antioxidant capacity between these two groups of algae (P<0 .05) .The biomass ,astaxanthin content ,malondialdehyde content and total antioxidant capacity were the minimum under continuous darkness .The findings provide the theoretical basis with the mass culture of H .pluvialis and the large‐scale production and application of astaxanthin .
		2015 Vol. (9): 605-609 [Abstract] ( 140 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (872 KB) ( 315 )

	610	Effects of Phenotypic Traits on Body Weight in Wild Population of Pearl Oyster Pinctada margariti f era
		YAN Junxian,LIU Baosuo,LI Youning,CHEN Mingqiang,WU Kaichang,YE Le
		To evaluate the effect of phenotypic traits on the body weight of pearl Pinctada margariti f era , the shell length (L1 ) ,shell height (L2 ) ,shell width (L3 ) ,ligament length (L4 ) and body weight (m) were measured randomly in 128 samples of the pearl oyster .The phenotypic correlation and path analysis were conducted to obtain correlation coefficient ,path coefficient and determination coefficient ,and then the effects of different phenotypic traits on body weight were obtained . The results showed that in correlation analysis ,correlation coefficient on body weight were L2 > L1 > L3 > L4 ( P< 0 .01) .In path analysis ,L2 showed the most direct (0 .589) ,and followed by the L3 (0 .278) and L1 (0 .143) .L2 had the maximal determination coefficient on the body weight (0 .347) ,then L3 (0 .077) , L1 (0 .02) and L4 (0.0001) in sequence ,with total determination coefficient of r2 =0 .854 .The regression equation was :m= -364.554+ 0 .858xL1 + 3 .032xL2 + 4 .371xL3 .The findings provide the theoretical foundation for variety selection of P .margariti f era .Shell high and shell width could be selected for a variety with high rate grow th and adaptability of pearl culture ,and shell length should be selected for improvement of body weight simultaneously .
		2015 Vol. (9): 610-614 [Abstract] ( 57 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (971 KB) ( 317 )

	615	Isolation,Identification and Effect of a Bacillus Strain on Immunity in Sea Cucumber Apostichopus j aponicus
		GUAN Xiaoyan,CHEN Zhong,ZHAO Chunxia,GAO Shan,JIANG Jingwei,WANG Bai,JIANG Bing,LI Lili,GU Ying,DONG Ying
		A dominant strain B4 isolated from the sediment of a healthy sea cucumber A postichopus j aponicus farm in Dalian was identified as Bacillus by morphological and physiological characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis .The optimal growth of strain B4 were observed at temperature of 20—35 ℃ , pH of 6—9 and a salinity of 3—7 .5 .Then the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP) ,alkaline phosphatase (AKP) ,superoxide dismutase (SOD) ,lysozyme (LSZ) and phenoloxidase (PO) were detected in the coelomic fluids of the sea cucumber exposed to the strain B4 at concentration of 108 cfu/mL on 0 ,7 ,14 ,21 and 28 day after administration .The results showed that there were significantly higher AKP ,SOD and PO activities in the treatment groups than those in the control group 7 day after administration (P<0 .05) , while the coelomic fluid LSZ activity was higher at the 21th day (P<0 .05) .There was very significant difference in ACP activity on the 28th day between the control group and the test groups (P<0 .01) .The findings indicated that strain B4 led to improve the activities of AKP ,ACP ,PO ,SOD and LSZ in coelomic fluid of sea cucumber ,thus to have certain effect on immunity system .
		2015 Vol. (9): 615-620 [Abstract] ( 67 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (1567 KB) ( 217 )

	621	Experimental Rearing of Sandfish Holothuria scabra Juveniles in Net Cages on Open Sea
		CHEN Mingqiang,ZHANG Li,YANG Xueming,JIANG Linyuan,HUANG Guanghua,LI Youning
		Sandfish Holothuria scabra juveniles with average initial body length of 1 .13 cm and body weight of 0.04 g were reared in three net cages with the size of 0 .6 m × 0 .6 m × 1 m at a frame site for shellfish culture on open sea for 95 days .The results showed that the juveniles had average final body length of 3 .24 cm ,with daily growth of 0 .02 cm ,and final body weight of 0 .84 g ,with daily weight gain of 0.008 g ,as 20 times large as the initial body weight ,and with survival of 57% .The best growth of the juveniles was observed in the first 25 days of the experiment with steady lower survival rate ,thereafter the growth and survival rate of the juveniles was found to be changed slowly and keep stable until the end of the experiment .The findings indicated that sandfish juvenile culture in net cages on the open sea was technically feasible ,but the effects were far from the ideal and further study is needed for improvement of the techniques .
		2015 Vol. (9): 621-624 [Abstract] ( 82 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (901 KB) ( 473 )

	625	Inhibition of Aquatic Pathogenic Bacteria by Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Fish
		GOU Xiaolan,SU Yanqiu,SHI Rui,GU Jirui,LUO Guoqiang,WANG Li
		T he aim of this study w as to determine the anti‐bacterial properties of six lactic acid bacterial strains isolated from intestine of fish .The agar diffusion method (Oxford cup method) was performed for assessment of antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture . Comparison of antimicrobial activity against A eromonas veronii by lactic acid bacteria with antibiotic drugs was also tested . Results showed that all selected strains inhibited the growth of A .hydrophila,A .sobria,A .veronii and A . caviae .However , there were no inhibition activities on Vibrio anguillarum , Escherichia coli , Citrobacter f reundii ,A .salmonicida and Yersinia enterocolitica ,and the antibacterial ability of fermentation supernatant was superior to bacteria .The drug susceptibility test revealed that growth of A .hydrophila was inhibited by four kinds of antibiotics ,and that the inhibition abilities of other antibiotics were found to be weakened or disappeared .Based on the results ,it was inferred that the inhibitory effects produced by lactic acid bacteria seemed better than antibiotics ,providing the foundation with development of alternatives to antibiotics .
		2015 Vol. (9): 625-629 [Abstract] ( 66 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (1455 KB) ( 445 )

	630	A Review:Development and Species of Ornamental Fish in China
		LUO Xiaonian,LIU Gang,YAN Youli

		2015 Vol. (9): 630-638 [Abstract] ( 76 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (747 KB) ( 1143 )

	639	A Review of Risk-Benefit Assessment of Seafood
		WANG Yi,LIU Junrong,ZHU Beiwei

		2015 Vol. (9): 639-646 [Abstract] ( 54 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (1054 KB) ( 294 )