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月刊，1984年创刊
主管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
主办：包头医学院
主编：赵云山
特邀主编：高长青
编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
邮发代号：16-292

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2015 Vol. 34, No. 5 Published: 2015-05-25

Article

	269	Synergistic Effects of Temperature and Salinity on Activities of Amylase and Na+ /K+-ATPase in Juvenile Scallop Chlamys nobilis (Reeve)
		QIAN Jiahui,LI Zhimin,CHEN Shuhe
		The synergistic effects of temperature (19—31 ℃) and salinity (22—38) on activities of amylase and Na+ /K+-ATPase were studied in juvenile scallop Chlamys nobilis with shell length of (7 .52 ± 0 .12) mm by two-factor central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM ) .There were significant linear and quadratic effects of temperature on the activities of amylase and Na + /K+-A T Pase ( P<0 .05) .The significant linear effect of salinity on the activity of Na + /K+-ATPase was found (P<0 .05) ,without significant linear effect of salinity on the activity of amylase (P>0 .05) ,and the significant quadratic effects of salinity on the activities of amylase and Na + /K+-ATPase were observed (P<0 .05) . There were significant synergistic effects of both temperature and salinity on the activity of amylase (P<0 .05) ,and no significant synergistic effects of both temperature and salinity on the activity of Na + /K+-ATPase were observed . The activities of amylase and Na+ /K+-ATPase were inhibited under high temperature and salinity ,with gradual decline in activities of amylase and Na + /K+-ATPase .A model equation about the relationship between the activities of amylase and Na + /K+-ATPase and the two factors was established by response surface methodology ,with the r2 as high as 0 .9815 in temperature and 0 .9582 in salinity , indicating that the satisfactory fitting capability of the model was practicably applied for prediction .The optimization of the reliable model revealed that the maximum activities of amylase (0 .4809 U/mg) and Na+ /K+-ATPase (0 .0382 U/mg) ,with the desirability value of 0 .910 ,were observed at the 2-factor combination of water temperature of 25 .60 ℃ and a salinity of 30 .67 .
		2015 Vol. 34 (5): 269-276 [Abstract] ( 90 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (1229 KB) ( 524 )

	277	Acute Toxicity of 3 Disinfectants to Postlarval Puffer Fish ,Takifugu fasciatus
		SUN Zhenlong,ZHU Yongxiang,CHEN Yunyan,LIU Dayong,GUO Zhenglong
		The acute toxicity of benzalkonium bromide ,glutaraldehyde and povidone-iodine to postlarval puffer fish (Takifugu fasciatus) with total length of (1 .73 ± 0 .32) cm and body weight of (0 .19 ± 0 .01) g was studied by 96h semi-static bioassays under conditions of water temperature of 21—23 ℃ ,pH 8 .0—8 .5 and dissolved oxygen level of 6 .00—7 .50 mg/L .The results showed that the medium lethal concentrations (LC50 ) of benzalkonium bromide to the postlarvae were 1 .04 mg/L for 24 h ,0 .95 mg/L for 48 h ,0 .72 mg/L for 72 h and 0 .53 mg/L for 96 h;LC50 of glutaraldehyde 4 .27 mg/L for 24 h ,3 .55 mg/L for 48 h ,2 .94 mg/L for 72 h and 2 .40 mg/L for 96 h and LC50 of povideone-iodine 269 .80 mg/L for 24 h ,200 .00 mg/L for 48 h ,158 .54 mg/L for 72 h and 151 .09 mg/L for 96 h .The safe concentration was found to be 0 .24 mg/L in benzalkonium bromide , 0 .74 mg/L in glutaraldehyde and 32 .97 mg/L in povidone-iodine , higher than the concentrations recommended by the disinfectant manufacturers , indicating that the 3 disinfectants were suitable for the breeding and aquaculture of the puffer fish . However ,the application of benzalkonium bromide and glutaraldehyde was paid more attention due to the fact that the puffer fish postlarvae were sensitive to the disinfectants .
		2015 Vol. 34 (5): 277-281 [Abstract] ( 88 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (637 KB) ( 307 )

	282	Comparative Effect of Chinese Shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis with Different Size Released in Wuleidao Bay
		HOU Chaowei,GU Qiaoqiao,LI Zeng,PAN Guangchen,XIE Zhouquan,QIU Shengyao
		Three tracking surveys were conducted in 2013 after the releasing of Chinese shrime Fenneropenaeus chinensis to the nature waters of Wuleidao Bay .The results were compared to find out the releasing effect of different sizes of juveniles on its stock in Wuleidao Bay .It showed that the releasing juveniles strongly enhanced the recruitment of the nature stock due to the obviously increment of biomass in the bay of Wuleidao .The phase survival rate and contribution rate of larger Chinese shrimp were 2—3 times and 2—4 times higher than the smaller ones ,respectively .Before the middle of August ,there were significant differences in body length between larger and smaller shrimp .In late August ,released smaller ones had the size close to larger ones ,both showed basically synchronous growth .However ,there was differences in somatic features between larger and smaller ones . The larger shrimps were superior to smaller ones in condition factors .
		2015 Vol. 34 (5): 282-287 [Abstract] ( 74 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (952 KB) ( 200 )

	288	Cloning and Bioinformatics Analysis of MAPKK5 Gene in Humphead Snapper Lut j anus sanguineus

		In present study ,MAPKK5 (Ls-MAPKK5 ,GenBank accession number KM657202) was cloned in humphead snapper (Lutjanus sanguineus) using RACE method based on the corresponding EST ,which was obtained from cDNA library constructed using head kidney of humphead snapper in our laboratory . The full-length cDNA of Ls-MAPKK5 was 2632 bp containing an open reading frame of 1317 bp encoding 438 amino acids with an estimated molecular weight of 49 .29 ku and a theoretical pI of 6 .12 . The prognosis by SignalP 4 .0 ,TMHMM Server 2 .0 and SoftBerry-Psite revealed that the deduced amino acid of Ls-MAPKK5 did not contain a signal peptide or a transmembranous region ,but had 22 phosphorylation sites .Amino acid alignment showed that Ls-MAPKK5 possessed a PB1 and S_TKc domain .Phylogenetic tree by NJ method using MEGA5 .0 indicated that Ls-MAPKK5 protein clustered closely with Stegastes partitus and Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus MAPKK5 protein .
		2015 Vol. 34 (5): 288-293 [Abstract] ( 70 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (2072 KB) ( 248 )

	294	Artificial Propagation of Rhinogobio ventralis
		GUAN Min,QU Huantao,HU Meihong,LIU Yong,LU Xuebao,NI Yong,XIAO Kan,YANG Yuanjin,LI Sha,GUO Wentao
		From March 2012 to April 2014 ,260 individuals of Rhinogobio ventralis were collected from the upper reaches of Yangtze River in Yibin ,and used for artificial domestication and propagation .It was found that R .ventralis developed into maturation in artificial domestication condition and was induced to spaw n by the traditional techniques by a high dose of hormone injection at three times .In the experiment , 260 brood fish were induced to spawn ,with average success of 8 .1% ,and 98 000 fertilized eggs were obtained .R .ventralis had eggs with average diameter of (1 .80 ± 0 .10 ) mm ,with fertilization rate of 50 .5% —98 .9% ,and the egg membrane was expanded via water absorption to diameter of (6 .86 ± 0 .31) mm .The fertilized eggs were hatched in 56 hours at water temperature of 17 .6—18 .3 ℃ ,and 31 500 larvae were obtained ,with hatching rate of 26 .4% —48 .1% .The newly hatched larvae were measured (6 .57 ± 0 .42) mm in total length and started initial feeding at the age of 6—7 days .A total of 12000 juveniles with total length of (21 .23 ± 0 .70) mm was obtained in 30 day culture ,with survival rate of 38 .1% .The finding is the first successful artificial propagation on R .ventralis .
		2015 Vol. 34 (5): 294-299 [Abstract] ( 94 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (2492 KB) ( 436 )

	300	Detection of Drug Resistance and Four Drug Resistance Genes in Bacterial Pathogen Edwardsiella tarda
		GE Muxiang,JIN Xiaomin,ZHANG Yanying,FANG Hai,CHEN Cuizhen
		The drug-resistance was tested by Kirby-Bauer method ,and four drug-resistant genes including TEM ,ant(3 )-Ⅰ ,Sul3 and tet(A) genes against β-lactamase genotypes ,aminoglycoside ,sulfonamides and tetracyclines were detected in 35 strains (five strains each case) selected from 130 strains isolated from seven cases of Japanese flounder Paralichthys oliv aceus infected by Edw ardsiella tarda by PCR method to investigate the correlation between the drug resistance phenotypes and the drug resistance genotypes in the bacterial pathogen .The results showed that all detected strains had TEM and ant (3 )-Ⅰgenes ,62 .9%(22/35) of the strains carrying Sul3 gene ,and no tet(A) gene was detected in the experiment .All strains were found to be multi-drug resistant ,most of which were resistant to 7—9 antibiotics .There was a close relationship between the drug-resistance phenotype and the related resistance genes ,without entirely cor-responding .
		2015 Vol. 34 (5): 300-304 [Abstract] ( 59 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (763 KB) ( 224 )

	305	Effects of Petroleum Pollution on 16 Metallic Element Contents in Shrimp by a Microwave Digestion ICP-MS Method
		CAO Xiangke,QIAN Qingzeng,ZHANG Jie,LIU Nan,WANG Hongwei
		The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method was used for determina-tion of 16 element contents in shrimp in petroleum contaminated waters and non-petroleum contaminated waters .The samples were digested by microwave digestion ,through online adding the internal calibration of matrix effect and interface effect ,to correct equation and mass disturbance ,with the correlation coeffi-cient of above 0 .9994 in a determined elements calibration curve ,the detection limit of less than 1 .83 μg/L ,the precision of over 5 .98% ,and the recovery rate from 80 .5% to 119 .8% .The results showed that the contents of elements in the shrimp were affected by the petroleum pollution .There were significantly higher contents of Cr ,Mn ,Fe ,Co ,Ni ,Zn ,Cu ,As ,Se ,Cd ,and Pb in the shrimp in the oil polluted wa-ters than those in the shrimp in the non-oil polluted waters (P < 0 .05) .Compared with the shrimp in the non-oil polluted waters ,the shrimp in the oil polluted waters had significantly different contents of Mg , Al ,Ca ,Ag ,and Hg (P> 0 .05) .The findings indicate that the ICP-MS method is suitable for detection of multiple elements in seafood ,and provide scientific basis for seafood quality control and safety assess-ment .
		2015 Vol. 34 (5): 305-310 [Abstract] ( 62 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (637 KB) ( 205 )

	311	Effects of BTEXs on Expression of Glutathione Peroxidase Gene in Intestine and Respiratory Tree of Sea Cucumber Apostichopus j aponicus
		DONG Ying,WANG Bai,CUI Cheng,LI Shuman,GAO Shibo,GAO Shan,GUAN Xiaoyan,JIANG Bei,XHOU Zunchun
		The present study is aimed to evaluate the effects of six kinds of BTEXs (benzene ,toluene , ethyl benzene ,o-xylene ,m-xylene and p-xylene) on the relative expression levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) gene in the respiratory tree and intestine of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus ,which is an important benthic organism in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea of China ,using quantitative real-time PCR method . The results showed that the relative expression levels of GPx gene in respiratory tree and intestine were remarkably changed in different BTEXs treatment groups , and showed dose-effect relationship .The relative expression levels of GPx gene in respiratory tree was down-regulated in the benzene ,o-xylene and p-xylene treatment groups ,from 2 .6-fold to 41 .7-fold ;and up-regulated in the toluene and m-xylene treatment groups ,from 2 .6-fold to 86 .4-fold .The relative expression levels of GPx gene in intestine was down-regulated in the o-xylene ,m-xylene and p-xylene treatment groups ,from 1 .2-fold to 38 .5-fold .This suggested that the BTEXs had oxidative stress on the respiratory tree and intestine of the sea cucumber ,and might have oxidative damage in the two tissues .
		2015 Vol. 34 (5): 311-315 [Abstract] ( 72 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (791 KB) ( 648 )

	316	Distribution of Heavy Metals in Different Tissues of Ridgetail White Prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda Cultured in a Pond in Southern Jiangsu Province
		LING Yun,WANG Libao,WAN Xihe,SHEN Hui,LI Hui
		The contents and distribution of heavy metals As ,Hg ,Cd ,Pb ,Cu and Zn in visceral mass , gill ,muscle ,shell and pereiopods were investigated and evaluated in ridgetail white prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda cultured in a pond in Southern Jiangsu province using atomic absorption and atomic fluorescence .The results showed that heavy metal contents were found significantly higher in visceral mass and gill than those in the muscle ,shell and pereiopods ,from 0 .0190 mg/kg (Hg ) to 20 .9 mg/kg (Cu) in visceral mass ,and from 0 .00636 mg/kg (Hg) to 26 .4 mg/kg (Zn) in the gill .Zn and Cu contents were relatively higher and the Hg contents were the minimum in the 5 tissues .Since the muscle was found to account for nearly 50% of the total shrimp quality ,the maximal muscular heavy metal was observed in the total ridgetail white prawn .The findings indicate that various heavy metal contents in different tissues of the cultured ridgetail white prawn are lower than the national standard and safe for human consumption .
		2015 Vol. 34 (5): 316-320 [Abstract] ( 84 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (662 KB) ( 367 )

	321	Establishment and Application of Multiplex PCR Assay for Detection of Five Freshwater Bacterial Species
		AI Kete,XU Pei,ZHOU Jingwen,WAN Jing,YANG Daiqin ,XU Qiaoqing
		Detection of bacteria with traditional method of microscope examination leads to high inaccuracy .On the contrary , the PCR method is specific and accurate to identify bacterial species . A multiplex PCR method for accurate detection of conventional bacteria in aquatic animals was developed and used to amplify Hly A gene in Aeromonas hydrophila ,Khe gene in Klebsiella pneumoniae ,Sip gene in Streptococcus agalactiae ,Ser C gene ,Eip gene in Edwardsiella ictaluri ,and Muk F gene ,and Gad B gene in Edwardsiella tarda .The results showed that the amplification was found to be high specificity .A double PCR method for simultaneous detection of S . agalactiae and E .ictalur and a multiplex PCR method for simultaneous detection of A . hydrophila , K . pneumoniae , E . tarda and E .ictalur were developed .In order to verify the accuracy of the multiplex PCR method , the diseased ricefield eel (Monopterus albus)were collected for isolation and culture of bacteria ,as well as for DNA extraction from the cultured bacteria .K .pneumoniae and A .hydrophila were detected by multiplex PCR method .And the established multiplex PCR had important significance for rapid detection of aquatic bacterial conventional pathogenic bacterium and molecular epidemiological research .
		2015 Vol. 34 (5): 321-326 [Abstract] ( 76 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (1090 KB) ( 323 )

	327	Techniques on Large Yellow Croaker Culture in Freshwater
		HUANG Weiqing
		Juvenile large yellow croaker (L arimichthys crocea) was acclimatized and cultured in freshwater for 4 months .The 23 day old large yellow croaker was directly acclimatized from seawater at a salinity of 28 .46 to 8 .00 ,to a salinity of 4 .00 ,then to a salinity of 2 .00 at a rate of 1 .00/d ,and finally to freshwater by 0 .50/d .The survival rate was found to be (59 .02 ± 6 .01)% ,very significantly higher than that in the other acclimatization patterns (P< 0 .01) .There was very significantly higher survival rate [(59 .02 ± 6 .01)—(90 .74 ± 1 .09)]% at water temperature of 23—29 ℃ in freshwater aquaculture than that in the control group in the seawater [(30 .33 ± 6 .17)—(55 .32 ± 6 .66)]% (P<0 .01) .The large yellow croaker farmed in the freshwater had 78 .79% higher total length(0 .59 ± 0 .16)% /d ,52 .17% higher body length (0 .70 ± 0 .22)% /d ,and 68 .66% higher mean specific growth rate in body weight (2 .26 ± 0 .94)% /d than those in the control group in the seawater .
		2015 Vol. 34 (5): 327-330 [Abstract] ( 95 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (776 KB) ( 521 )

	331	Effect of Ocean Acidification on Metabolism of Marine Organisms
		DING Zhaokun,WANG Fuping,XU Youqing

		2015 Vol. 34 (5): 331-334 [Abstract] ( 68 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (631 KB) ( 1030 )