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  • 月刊，1984年创刊
    主 管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
    主 办：包头医学院
    主 编：赵云山
    特邀主编：高长青
    编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
    国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
    国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
    邮发代号：16-292
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2016 Vol. 35, No. 4
Published: 2016-04-25
 
       Article
313 Optimization of Filtration Rate in Juvenile Razor Clam Solen grandis by Response Surface Methodology
JIANG Bei,DONG Ying,GAO Shan,WANG Bai,CAO Chen,ZHANG Qian,HAO Yongfang,WANG Yongbo,ZHOU Zunchun
The joint effects of illumination ,salinity and pH on filtration rate of juvenile razor clam Solen grandis were studied using Box‐Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology ( RSM ) under laboratory conditions ,aiming to quantifying the relationship between the filtration rate and the a‐bove three factors ,and to the optimal factor combination through statistical optimization approach .The re‐sults showed that there were significant interaction effects between illumination and salinity ,and between illumination and pH on the filtration rate of razor clam juveniles (P<0 .05) .The multivariate non‐linear model is described as y =1 .62+0 .084A+0 .04B -0 .14C -0 .38A2 -0 .65B2 -0 .68C2 (r2 =0 .9821) ,the optimal conditions for filtration were found under conditions of illumination of 1109 .17 lx ,salinity of 25 .12 and pH=7 .89 .T he findings indicate that the proposed model is reasonably accurate and can be used for describing and predicting the grow th features of juvenile razor clam in different environmental factors .
2016 Vol. 35 (4): 313-320 [Abstract] ( 88 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (3112 KB)  ( 321 )
321 Impact of Culture Pattern and Light Intensity on Growth in Pacific White Leg Shrimp and on Water Quality
YU Zhenjie,ZHANG Wenbo,LIU Qigen
Pacific white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) was reared in an indoor tank under conditions of monoculture at natural light (group A1 ) ,monoculture at low‐light (group A2 ) ,loach(Misgurnus an‐guillicaudatus)‐shrimp polyculture at natural light (group B1 ) ,loach‐shrimp polyculture at low‐light (group B2) ,silver carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) and shrimp polyculture at natural light (group C1 ) ,silver carp ,bighead carp ,and shrimp polyculture at low‐light (group C2 ) ,silver carp ,bighead carp ,shrimp and loach polyculture at natural light (group D1 ) ,and sil‐ver carp shrimp ,bighead carp ,and loach polyculture (group D2 ) at low‐light for 70 days .During the ex‐periment ,growth ,feed utilization and yield were measured and water quality including chemical oxygen demand (COD) ,and levels of NO3‐N ,NO2‐N ,NH3‐N ,total nitrogen (TN) ,total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved oxygen (DO) was determined in a 15 or 20 day interval .Results showed that the shrimp in mon‐oculture at natural light had significantly larger size than the shrimp in the other groups (P<0 .05) ,while the shrimp in monoculture under low‐light had significantly smaller size than the shrimp in the other groups (P<0 .05) ,without significant differences in the other groups .There were significantly higher food conversion ratio (FCR) and survival rate in the monoculture than those in the polyculture and signifi‐cantly higher FCR and survival rate under natural light that at low‐light (P<0 .05) .During the experi‐ment ,levels of NO3‐N ,NO2‐N ,and NH3‐N were steady elevated ,significantly higher nitrite level in group A and group B than those in group C and group D (P<0 .05) ,and significantly lower at natural light than at low‐light .There was significantly higher ammonia level in group A than those in the other groups (P<0 .05) .The findings show that proper lighting is an important factor in the growth of the shrimp ,and that loach can effectively improve the economic benefits of shrimp ponds .Silver carp and big‐head carp ,however ,can effectively improve the ecological benefits and yield of shrimp ponds .
2016 Vol. 35 (4): 321-326 [Abstract] ( 136 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (1254 KB)  ( 343 )
327 Effects of High Temperature Stress on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Sea Cucumber Apostichopus j aponicus
XIE Zhaowen,WANG Shoukun,LIN Xuan,CHEN Meizhen,CHEN Linliu,LIN Feng,LU Haibin
The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) ,catalase(CAT ) ,glutathione peroxidase(GSH‐PX) ,lac‐tatedehydrogenase(LDH),andalkalinephosphatase(AKP)andthecontentofmalondialdehyde(MDA)inthecoe‐lomic fluid and extracting fluid of visceral mass were determined from Lianjiang and Dalian populations of sea cu‐cumber ,Apostichopus japonicus ,exposed to different sea water temperature(15 ,18 ,21 ,24 ,27 ℃ and 30 ℃) . The results showed that the maximal activities of SOD ,CAT ,GSH‐PX and LDH of extracting fluid of visceral mass were observde at 3—9 ℃ higher in Lianjiang population than in Daliang population ;under high temperature (24 ,27 ,30 ℃) stress ,the activities of SOD ,CAT and LDH of coelomic fluid and extracting fluid of visceral mass population were very significantly higher in Lianjiang than in Daliang population (P<0 .01) .The activity of GSH‐PX of extracting fluid of visceral mass was very significantly higher in Lianjiang population than in Daliang popula‐tion(P<0 .01) ,and under 24 ℃ and 30 ℃ ,the activities of GSH‐PX of coelomic fluid population were also signifi‐cantly higher in Lianjiang population than Daliang population ( P<0 .01 );the temperature of highest activity of AKP of coelomic fluid and extracting fluid of visceral mass from the two populations were all at 15 ℃ and 18 ℃ ;the content of MDA of the coelomic fluid and extracting fluid of visceral mass was significantly lower in Lianjiang population than in Dalian population at 18—30 ℃(P<0 .05 ,P<0 .01) .The findings of high temperature stress indicated that activities of SOD ,CAT ,GSH‐PX and LDH of coelomic fluid and extracting fluid of visceral mass from the second generation of Lianjiang population of sea cucumber exposed to high temperature during summer in Fujian province ,southeast China were significantly higher than Daliang population of sea cucumber ;contents of MDA were lower significantly from Lianjiang population than Daliang population of sea cucumber .The increasing enzymes thermostability of the sea cucumber could be favorable to clean out excessive free radicals in the body un ‐der high temperature stress ,and to protect the organism from high temperature stress damage .
2016 Vol. 35 (4): 327-333 [Abstract] ( 100 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (1801 KB)  ( 269 )
334 Effect of Dietary Green Alga Enteromorpha proli f era in Different Formulations on Growth of Turbot Scophthalmus maximus
LI Hongyan,LIU Tianhong,WANG Xuanxuan,WU Zhihong,LI Xiao,SUN Yuanqin,WANG Ying
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary Enteromorpha prolifera in dif‐ferent formulations (different protein ,fat and other essential nutrient contents) on growth performance of turbot Scophthalmus maximus (150 .1 ± 21 .7) g based on feeding rate method .The turbot were cultured with natural seawater mixed with deep well seawater in cylindrical water ponds with diameter of 100 cm and height of 110 cm .A total of 900 individuals of turbot were randomly divided into 15 groups with three replicates ,20 individuals in each pond for 35 d .The results showed that in the range of experiment de‐sign ,commercial feed B group and commercial feed A group ,containing higher content of protein and ash there were significant better grow th performance than in self‐made feed group .Addition of the green alga at a dose of 5% into three different feeds helped to increase the feeding rate and weight gain rate of self‐made feed group , reduced the feed coefficient of commercial feeds A and B and increased the specific grow th rate of all three groups ,indicating that 5% addition of green alga led to good grow th in turbot .
2016 Vol. 35 (4): 334-339 [Abstract] ( 97 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (2735 KB)  ( 354 )
340 Comparison of Digestive Tract Structure and Distribution of Gastric Oxynticopeptic Cells among Three Mandarin Fish Siniperca Species
LI Chuanyang,Thammaratsuntorn Jeerawat,ZHA Danlin,ZHAO Jinliang,QIAN Yezhou,WU Chao,QIAN De
Structure characterization of stomach ,intestines and pyloric caecum of Mandarinfish Siniperca chuatsi , S .scherzeri and their hybrid (S .scherzeri ♀ × S .chuatsi ♂) was compared via paraffin section technique .Stom‐ach wall containing mucous ,submucosa ,lamina propria and muscular layers in mandarinfish three species shared the same structure .Relative thickness of mucous layer w as 0 .30 ± 0 .09 in S .chuatsi ,and 0 .30 ± 0 .11 in the hy‐brid ,while relative thickness of S .scherzeri was 0 .21 ± 0 .13 ,much thinner than the other two species .Intestines was found to be consisted of villus ,mucous ,submucosa ,and muscular layers ,and inner wall was comprised of many wrinkles ,and goblet cells in villus layer .There was no significant difference in wrinkle number and density of goblet cells between S .chuatsi and the hybrid(P>0 .05) ,while these data of S .scherzeri were significantly lower than S .chuatsi and the hybrid (P<0 .05) .S .chuatsi ,S .scherzeri and the hybrid had mean pyloric cae‐cum number of 213 .8 ± 17 .3 ,79 .3 ± 13 .2 and 109 .8 ± 21 .8 ,respectively .The structure of pyloric caecum was similar to intestines ,there was no significant difference in wrinkle number among three Siniperca species(P>0 .05) ,The S .scherzeri had significantly lower density of goblet cells than S .chuatsi and the hybrid did(P<0 .05) .The distribution characterization of oxynticopeptic cells was compared among the three Siniperca species via in situ hybridization technique .The deep purple hybridization signals of three pepsinogen probes (PG A1 ,A2 and C) were all detected in the gastric cells of mucous layer .Within the same species ,there was no significant difference among hybridization signal cells of PG A 1 ,A2 and C probes (P>0 .05) .Among three Siniperca spe‐cies ,density of hybridization signal cells by the gene probes (PG A1 ,A2 ,and C) was ranked from high to low as :S .chuatsi=hybrid> S .scherzeri ,without significant difference (P<0 .05) .Structure difference of digestive tract and distribution characterization of oxynticopeptic cells provided some scientific base for further study of fish diges‐tion physiology .
2016 Vol. 35 (4): 340-345 [Abstract] ( 78 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (3638 KB)  ( 428 )
346 Effects of Water Temperature,Salinity and pH on Production of ROS by Coelomocytes of Sea Cucumber (Apostichopus j aponicus)
LI Ming,ZHANG Si,ZHANG Jianqing,ZHANG Feng,ZHAI Yu,LU Yanan
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in protection of host from pathogen in in‐vertebrates w hich rely heavily on innate immune mechanisms to defence themselves .Here ,the effects of environmental factors such as water temperature ,salinity and pH on production of ROS by coelomocytes were studied in sea cucumber A postichopus j aponicus maintained under different environmental condi‐tions .Coelomic fluid was extracted at different time points and then ROS production during in vitro phago‐cytosis of yeast cells by coelomocytes was measured 7 d after being acclimatization by the luminol chemilu‐minescence method .The results showed that the ROS production in sea cucumbers held in 6 ℃ and 26 ℃was dramatically increased from the first day and the fifth day compared with the control group (17 ℃) . There were in much more ROS in coelomocytes of the sea cucumbers cultured at salinity of 25 and 35 gen‐erations than in the control group ,while the same went for sea cucumbers kept at salinity of 16 and 40 on the first day .Low pH also led to dramatically enhancement of the production of ROS during phagocytosis . In conclusion ,water temperature ,salinity and pH can influenced the production of ROS by the coelomo‐cytes of sea cucumber during phagocytosis .Which lays a foundation for the further study of the physiolog‐ical and biochemical processes of adaptation of sea cucumber to different environments as well as the innate immune mechanisms in invertebrates .
2016 Vol. 35 (4): 346-351 [Abstract] ( 104 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (3004 KB)  ( 275 )
352 The Selectivity of Driftgill-net for Mantis Shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria in Liaodong Bay
In order to improve the fishing and management technology of offshore fishery resources conser‐vation ,and to promote the implement of National Marine Fishing Gear Catalog ,we performed a selective comparative experiment of Monolithic gillnet with mesh sizes of 40 mm ,50 mm ,and 60 mm ,Dual gillnet , Triple gillnet and Production control network for mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria in Liaodong Bay in October and November ,2014 to provide the basis for determing the adscription of managing Bohai T riple gillnet .Results showed that the main fishing species by various types of experimental nets were basically the same ,with the dominant species of mantis shrimp and perch Lateolabrax japonicus .The larger each types of gillnets had the decreasing IRI value of mantis shrimp with increase in mesh size ,while the IRI value of L .japonicus showed an increasing trend .The Monolithic gillnet ,Dual gillnet and Triple gillnet had significant difference in mantis shrimp catch (P<0 .05) .The proportion of mantis shrimp catch in the total showed growth trend in order of Monolithic gillnet ,Dual gillnet ,and Triple gillnet .In the same mesh size ,the mantis shrimp catches which come up to the standard showed growth trend in order of Mon‐olithic gillnet ,Dual gillnet ,and Triple gillnet ,without significant differences in the proportion in the to‐tal .For the same type of gillnets ,with the increase in mesh size ,the proportion of mantis shrimp catches did not rearch the standard declined gradually .Gamma selectivity curve displayed ,when the mesh size was more than 50 mm ,the mantis shrimp catches advantage length of the three types of gillnets was no less than that standard .However ,the economic benefits of the triple gillnet was more than Monolithic gillnet obviously ,and had no difference in terms of damage to fishery resources .Therefore ,Monolithic gillnet is difficult to replace T riple gillnet w hich operates in current Bohai Fisheries of mantis shrimp .
2016 Vol. 35 (4): 352-358 [Abstract] ( 90 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (3323 KB)  ( 325 )
359 Mathematical Analysis of Effects of Morphometric Attributes on Body Weight for Sea Urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus
LENG Xiaofei,ZHANG Yan,ZHANG Weijie,LIU Mingtai,JING Chenchen,SONG Jian
Two hundred and sixty sea urchin Heemicentrotus pulcherrimus were captured from Tahe bay coastal Dalian and their test height (L2 ) ,test diameter (L1 ) and body weight (m) were measured after sex determination . The relationship between morphometric traits and body weight were quantitatively analyzed by correlation analysis and path analysis .The results showed that the sex ratio of the sea urchin was 1∶1 ,and there were no significant differences either in economic traits (test traits and body weight) or ecological traits (height‐diameter ratio) (P>0 .05) .Correlation coefficients among economic traits were high in both male and female sea urchin .The maximal correlation coefficients between test diameter and body weight were observed in both male and female sea urchin (0 .960 in female and 0 .956 in male) .Path analysis revealed that test diameter (0 .723 in female and 0 .645 in male) out weighed more to body weight than to test height (for female and male respectively were 0 .280 and 0 .362)both for male and female sea urchin .Morphometric attributes on body weight for male sea urchin were con‐sistent with the female ones .Model to predict body weight for male sea urchin was expressed as m=1 .78L1 +1 .32 L2 -75 .78 (r2 =0 .948) .Model to predict body weight for male was m=2 .17L1 +1 .13L2 -89 .05 (r2 =0 .944) . For both genders of sea urchin ,model to predict body weight was established as m=1 .96L1 +1 .22L2 -81 .72 (r2=0 .944 ) .
2016 Vol. 35 (4): 359-363 [Abstract] ( 124 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (828 KB)  ( 504 )
364 Effects of Waterborne Mn (Ⅱ) on Growth and Activities of AKP and SOD in Juvenile Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)
HE Zhongwei,GONG Chunguang,YIN Rui,SUN Guiqing,YU Qian,FU Donglin
In this study ,growth and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) ,and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activi‐ties were studied in juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus exposed to 0 .04 mg/L ,0 .08 mg/L ,0 .16 mg/L ,0 .32 mg/L ,0 .64 mg/L ,1 .28 mg/L ,2 .56 mg/L ,5 .12 mg/L ,and 10 .24 mg/L waterborne Mn(Ⅱ) . The results showed that better growth was observed in the turbot exposed to the waterborne Mn (Ⅱ) con‐centration of less than 2 .56 mg/L ,the best growth at 0 .64 mg/L waterborne Mn(Ⅱ) .The AKP and SOD activities in the liver were shown to be increased with increasing Mn (Ⅱ) concentration ,within less than 0 .64 mg/L .At higher than 0 .64 mg/L in Mn(Ⅱ) concentration ,however ,AKP and SOD activities were decreased dramatically .During various treatment periods ,the maximal AKP and SOD activities were ob‐served in the turbot juveniles exposed to M n (Ⅱ) concentration of 0 .64 mg/L ,indicating that 0 .64 mg/L was inferred as the critical concentration to exhibit toxic effects according to dose‐effect relation .The find‐ings help to assess the toxicity of the water Mn(Ⅱ) to juvenile turbot ,and provide the basis for aquacul‐ture water management for Mn(Ⅱ) including determination of safe concentration .
2016 Vol. 35 (4): 364-369 [Abstract] ( 84 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (841 KB)  ( 228 )
370 Analysis of Difference in Vtg B and ZP 2 Transcripts and Vtg Content between Male and Female F1 and F2 Offsprings in Pengze Crucian Carp
The offsprings of gynogenic Pengze crucian carp (Carassius auratus var .Pengze) (Pcc) is mono‐female groups theoretically .The previous studies showed that a high proportion of gynogenic male Pcc fish occurred in F 1 progenies in laboratory culture compared with pond culture condition ,and this phenomenon has been demonstrated in the high density groups of F2 progenies later .In the present study ,the different gene expression of Vtg B ,and ZP2 as female‐specific gene and Vtg contents were detected between male and female F 1 and F2 progenies .Results showed that testical Vtg B and ZP2 transcripts of F1 progenies were significantly higher than those in ovary under laboratory culture condition ;testical Vtg B and ZP2 transcripts of F1 progenies were significantly higher ,lower than those in ovary under pond culture condition ;and testical ZP2 transcript of F2 progenies was very significantly higher than those in ovary under laboratory culture condition .Male hepatic Vtg B and ZP 2 transcripts of F1 proge‐nies were very significantly higher ,lower than those in ovary under laboratory culture condition ;male hepatic Vtg B and ZP2 transcripts of F1 progenies were very significantly lower than those in ovary under pond culture condi‐tion;and male hepatic Vtg B and ZP2 transcript of F2 progenies was very significantly higher than those in ovary under laboratory culture .Male Vtg content of F1 progenies was very significantly lower than those in ovary under laboratory culture ;male gonadal and hepatic Vtg content of F1 progenies were very significantly higher ,lower than those in ovary under pond culture condition respectively ;and male gonadal ,hepatic Vtg content of F2 progenies was very significantly higher than those in ovary under laboratory culture condition .The findings referred that Vtg B and ZP2 were not female‐specific ,and Vtg B ,ZP2 transcripts and Vtg contents have been affected in various cul‐ture condition and stocking density .
2016 Vol. 35 (4): 370-375 [Abstract] ( 153 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (1106 KB)  ( 348 )
376 Sexual Reproduction and Artificial Breeding of Brown Alga Sargassum polycystum
XING Shanshan,ZOU Xiaoxiao,LIN Yong,ZHU Jun,HUANG Huiqin,BAO Shixiang
In order to study the characteristics of sexual reproduction process and explore the feasibility of artificial seedling of brown alga Sargassum polycystum ,a systematical observation was conducted through the method of field observation and indoor‐culture observation including characteristics of male and female receptacles ,differentiation of the fertilized egg ,rhizoid formation ,grow th of the young seedling .In addi‐tion ,the artificial seedling experiments were carried out in the laboratory .The results showed that the re‐production was found around May and June annually at temperature of 28 ℃ ,and that eggs and sperms were release from receptacles .It took 48 hours for the fertilized eggs to develope into young seedling with rhizoid;after 35 days ,the protophyll were formed .The artificial breeding indicated that the brown alga had body length of 2 .5—3 mm ,and the average seedling density of 2—3 per cm2 ;after 60 days cultiva‐tion ,the length of the brown alga reached to 7 cm ,with average seedling density of 2 per cm2 .The find‐ings laid the technical guidance to artificial seedling of S .polycystum .
2016 Vol. 35 (4): 376-380 [Abstract] ( 79 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (3524 KB)  ( 295 )
381 Relationship between Attenuation of Selenium Content and Selenium Compounds in Body Wall of Sea Cucumber
YANG Shen,DANG Ziqiao,LU Xiaoqian,ZHANG Min,WANG Zufeng,ZHOU Wei
Adult sea cucumber A postichopus j aponicus with initial body weight of (54 .97 ± 9 .49) g and ju‐venile sea cucumber with initial body weight of (2 .28 ± 0 .26) g were reared in a tank and fed the diets con‐taining selenomethionine ,sodium selenate or sodium selenite at a rate of 0 .3 mg/kg (without addition of selenium as control)with triplication at water temperature of 13 ℃ ,a salinity of 27 ,and pH 8 .1 for 60 days .After that ,adult and juvenile sea cucumber were fed the diets without addition of selenium for 60 days and 45 days ,respectively ,and selenium contents in the body wall of sea cucumber were determined in a five day interval .The results showed that the order of the attenuation of selenium in adult sea cucumber was descentantly ranged as sodium selenate group > sodium selenite group> selenomethionine group ;the order of the attenuationof selenium in juvenile sea cucumber was descentantly ranged as sodium selenite group>sodium selenate group> selenomethionine group .The findings showed that selenomethionine was the optimal selenium additive in adult sea cucumber cultuer with a little importance in juvenile sea cucum‐ber culture .
2016 Vol. 35 (4): 381-385 [Abstract] ( 91 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (2158 KB)  ( 206 )
386 Genetic Diversity of 2 Economically Important Fishes in Siluriformes from Duliu River Based on mtDNA D-loop Sequences
LIU Wei,DAI Yinggui,YUAN Zhenxing,SUN Jijia,LIU Li
The composition of mtDNA D‐loop and genetic diversity were studied in 39 individuals of cat‐fishes Silurus asotus and Mystus guttatus collected in the Guizhou section of Duliu River by the methods of PCR and DNA sequencing on the basis of sequences of mtDNA D‐loop .There were 544—545 bp and 546—547 bp of D‐loop sequences near the 5′end of D‐loop ,including 58 variable loci in S .asotus and 15 variable loci in M .guttatus .The characteristic sequences were identified in the extended termination associated se‐quence and the central conserved domain and a poly‐T next to the 3′end of central conserved domain in the D‐loop sequence in each of the two species .There were 51 and 12 polymorphic loci and 11 and 8 haplotypes in the populations of S . asotus and M . guttatus , respectively .S . A sotus had haploidtype diversity of 0 .772 ,nucleotide diversity of 0 .02301 ,and average nucleotide differences of 12 .451 ,and M . guttatus had haploidtype diversity of 0 .331 ,nucleotide diversity of 0 .00131 ,and verage nucleotide differences of 0 .714 . The population of S .asotus from the Duliu River showed abundant genetic diversity ,good germplasm value and protection outlook .While the population of M . guttatus had much low genetic diversity in the Duliu River .T herefore ,it is urgent to protect and recover the genetic diversity of M . guttatus population from the Duliu River .
2016 Vol. 35 (4): 386-392 [Abstract] ( 111 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (994 KB)  ( 219 )
393 Artificial Propagation,and Embryonic and Yolk-sac Larval Development in Percocypris pingi in Yalong River
DENG Longjun,GAN Weixiong,ZENG Rukui,ZHANG Hongwei
The wild Percocypris pingi was reared to spawn induced by injection of hormone to obtain fer‐tilized eggs in this study .The results showed that females injected with LHRH‐A2 +DOM+ HCG ovula‐ted more fluently ,with the response time of 58 h ,mean fertilization rate of 87 .33% and mean hatching rate of 90 .75% .Furthermore ,the embryonic and yolk‐sac larval development were described in detail . Under the water temperature of (16 ± 2) ℃ ,fertilized eggs were hatched in 117 .83 hours with the accumu‐lative temperature of 1855 .33 ℃ · h .The embryonic development was divided into 7 stages including 26 subphases :fertilized egg ,cleavage stage ,blastula stage ,gastrula stage ,neurula stage ,organogenesis stage and hatching stage .The yolk‐sac larva grew rapidly and endogenously by in the first five days after hatching ,turned into the stage of mixed nutrition ,a critical stage ,since the sixth day ,and started to swim horizontally ten days later .
2016 Vol. 35 (4): 393-397 [Abstract] ( 116 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (2230 KB)  ( 259 )
398 Effects of Salinity and pH on Expression of HSP 70 Gene in Muscle, Gill and Mantle of Clam Meretrix meretrix
YANG Jieqing,SHEN Xinqiang,JIANG Mei,LI Lei,XU Xiafang,DONG Ran
As the main environmental factors affecting survival and distribution of shellfish ,huge changes in salinity and pH bring massive death to clam Meretrix meretrix .The housekeeping geneβ‐actin was used as control gene to study the suitable range of salinity and pH in pond clam farming .The transcription changes in HSP70 gene was quantified in muscle ,gill and mantle under different salinity (16 ,18 ,20 ,22 , and 24) and pH (6 .7 ,7 .7 ,8 .7 ,9 .7 ,and 10 .7) by means of real‐time fluorescence quantitative RT‐PCR method .The results proved that the HSP70 gene was induced significantly in muscle ,gill and mantle of the clam by salinity and pH .The expression of HSP70 gene was decreased significantly beyond a certain range of salinity and pH ,but it still significantly higher than that in control group .The findings showed that there were significantly higher expression of HSP70 gene in salinity of 16 ,18 ,22 ,and 24 groups than in muscle in the control group of 20(P<0 .05) .Except in gill in the salinity group of 18 and in mantle in the group of 24 ,there were no significant difference in the expression of HSP 70 gene with the blank group of 20(P>0 .05) ,the salinity group of 16 ,18 ,22 and 24 in gill and mantle there were significantly higher the expression of HSP70 gene than that in the blank group of 20 ( P< 0 .05) . However ,the expression of HSP70 gene in the in muscle ,gill and mantle in the pH group of 6 .7 ,7 .7 .9 .7 and 10 .7 showed a signifi‐cant difference with that in control group of 8 .7(P<0 .05) .
2016 Vol. 35 (4): 398-403 [Abstract] ( 89 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (1147 KB)  ( 339 )
404 Genetic Diversity Analysis of Jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum in Liaodong Bay Based on the COⅠ Sequence
LI Yulong,WANG Bin,WANG Wenbo,DONG Jing
The 624 bp fragments of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase Ⅰ(COⅠ) gene were sequenced and analyzed in 20 individuals jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum collected from Liaodong Bay to investigate the genetic variation and diversity .In addition ,the homologous sequences were analyzed in other 15 individu‐als sampled from the Bohai and Yellow Seas and Sea of Japan .The average contents were found to be 26 .7% in A ,36 .4% in T ,18 .8% in C and 18 .1% in G for COⅠ sequence .A total of 21 polymorphic nu‐cleotide sites were detected ,which defined 17 haplotypes .Compared with several other giant jellyfish spe‐cies ,the variation level of the jellyfish was moderate to high with H of 0 .91 ± 0 .03 and π of 0 .0056 ± 0 .0032 .With the aid of the homologous sequences retrieved from GenBank ,both phylogenetic and molec‐ular variance analysis supported significant differentiation among jellyfish populations in Sea of Japan and the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea populations .
2016 Vol. 35 (4): 404-409 [Abstract] ( 106 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (2719 KB)  ( 279 )
410 Acute Toxicity of Five Pesticides to Fat Minnow Phoxinus lagowskii
ZENG Chuili,LIU Yanhui,LIU Tiegang,LIU Peng,LI Xiuying,ZU Xiujie
T he acute toxicity of five conventional pesticides trichloroisocyanuric acid pow der (0 .75 ,1 .14 , 1 .73 ,2 .63 ,and 4 .00 mg/L) ,cupric sulfate (0 .80 ,1 .50 ,2 .82 ,5 .31 ,and 10 .00 mg/L) ,potassium per‐manganate (3 .00 ,3 .59 ,4 .27 ,5 .07 ,and 6 .00 mg/L ) ,bromochlorohydantoin (1 .92 ,2 .78 ,4 .02 ,5 .81 , and 8 .40 mg/L) and povidone lodine (13 .00 ,17 .53 ,23 .66 ,31 .92 ,and 43 .00 mg/L) was studied in fat min‐now Phoxinus lagowskii with average body weight of 6 .99 g and the average body length 8 .03 cm at water temperature of 15—18 ℃ ,pH (7 .0 ± 0 .2) ,and total hardness of (based on CaCO3 ) 380 mg/L .The re‐sults showed that the 24 h median‐lethal concentrations of these five pesticides were 2 .24 ,2 .38 ,5 .05 , 6 .00 ,and 30 .74 mg/L ,the 48 h median‐lethal concentrations were 1 .43 ,2 .18 ,4 .31 ,4 .08 ,and 23 .33 mg/L ,with safe concentrations of 0 .17 ,0 .60 ,0 .94 ,0 .57 ,and 4 .03 mg/L ,respectively .The sensibility for these five pesiticides was expressed as trichloroisocyanuric acid power >bromochlorohydantoin>cupric sulfate> potassium permanganate> povidone iodine .Povidone iodine ,bromochlorohydantoin and cupric sulfate can be used safely and the findings provide a reference for the rational application of pesticides .
2016 Vol. 35 (4): 410-414 [Abstract] ( 110 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (827 KB)  ( 299 )
415 Effects of Different Concentrations of Zinc Ion on Histological Structure of Brain and Hepatopancreas and Hepatopancreatic SOD Activity in Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus
REN Hongtao
T he influences of different concentrations of zinc ion (Zn2+ ) (0 ,9 .52 ,13 .14 ,18 .30 ,25 .02 , and 34 .53 mg/L ) on histological structure of brain and hepatopancreas and superoxide dismutase (SOD ) activity in hepatopancreas were studied in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus with body weight of some 10 g at water temperature of (20 ± 1) ℃ by a hydrostatic test to seek for the accumulation and toxicity mechanism of heavy metals .It was found that the LC50 of Zn2+ to grass carp was 23 .058 mg/L in 24 h , 10 .155 mg/L in 48 h ,and 19 .317 mg/L in 96 h ,with safe concentration of 4 .068 mg/L calculated by for‐mula(48 h LC50 × 0 .3)/(24 h LC50/48 h LC50 )2 and 1 .0155 mg/L estimated by formula 96 h LC50 × 0 .1 .In the early stage of Zn2+ poisoning ,the grass carp exposed to Zn2+ had clustered brain cells with the slightly enlarged nuclei ,and as the time elapsed ,the brain cells aggregated significantly ,and the w hole brain cells were almost filled with the nuclei .The hepatopancreas cells were found to be expansion ,discrete ,nuclear reduction ,a slight overflow of the cytoplasm ,a small number of liver cell cytoplasm overflow ,and residu‐al nuclear material scattered distribution in the grass carp exposed to Zn 2+ ,thus leading to cell necrosis . With the increase in Zn2+ concentration and time ,the activity of SOD in the hepatopanceas of grass carp w as decreased .
2016 Vol. 35 (4): 415-419 [Abstract] ( 86 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (2049 KB)  ( 234 )
420 Distribution and Source Identification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon in Surface Seawater from Liaodong Bay
ZHANG Yufeng,WU Jinhao,YU Shuai,WANG Kun,YANG Shuang,WANG Nianbin
Sixteen samples were analyzed in surface seawater at sixteen stations from Liaodong Bay using Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometer (GC‐MS) in May and August of 2014 and the distribution ,com‐position ,pollution level and main sources of PAHs were discussed .There was average PAHs concentra‐tions of 367 .4 ng/L in May and 138 .2 ng/L in August ,with significant seasonal change in PAHs in sur‐face seawater .Low‐molecular weight PAHs had larger percentage than high‐molecular weight PAHs .The high concentration areas of PAHs were usually in the southwest of Liaodong Bay ,the sea area of Jinzhou Bay and Pulandian Bay .The distribution patterns were affected by the oil platforms and petrochemical in‐dustry garden .The PAHs was derived primarily from the mixed sources of petroleum source and combus‐tion source in May ,and petroleum sources were the main sources of PAHs in August .
2016 Vol. 35 (4): 420-425 [Abstract] ( 79 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (1575 KB)  ( 234 )
426 Isolation,Identification and Drug Sensitivity of Acinetobacter baumannii from Tortoise Mauremys nigricans
DING Li,LI Junyu,DAI Xiaomei,WANG Jichao,FANG Zhenhua,SHI Haitao
One predominant bacterial strain named DL01221 was isolated from the liver of diseased tortoise M auremys nigricans ,identified by morphologic observation ,biochemical test ,and sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA ,and then the drug sensitivity was determind by Kirby‐Bauer′s agar diffusion method .Results showed that the strain was gram negative bacterial .By analyzing the homology and phylogenetic relation‐ship of 16S rRNA sequences in the NCBI database ,the homology was found to be more than 98% com‐pared to Acinetobacter baumannii ,which was in the same group with A .baumannii .Combining with the colonial morphology and biochemical results ,the strain was identified as A .baumannii .Inoculating the strain to M . nigricans for lethality indicated that the strain had pathogenicity and the same bacterium could be isolated from these animals .Meanwhile the drug sensitivity test showed the bacterium was sensi‐tive to ceftazidime ,kanamycin and fleroxacin ,and multi‐resistant to most antibiotics .
2016 Vol. 35 (4): 426-430 [Abstract] ( 125 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (2668 KB)  ( 426 )
431 Community Structure of Microzooplankton in Industrial Estate Waters in Tianjin Harbour
ZHANG Dajuan,SUN Yanbin,BI Xiangdong,DAI Wei,ZHANG Shulin
The species composition ,abundance ,diversity and community structure of microzooplankton in the industrial estate water in Tianjin Harbour was studied by survey using a shallow water style planknton net from April to November in 2014 in order to investigate the current situation of meso‐and micro‐zoo‐plankton in the industrial estate water in Tianjin Harbour .A total of 29 zooplankton species were found , with the main dominant species/taxa of Noctiluca scintillans ,Polychaeta larva ,Acartia bifilosa and Oikopleura dioica .The abundance of meso‐ and micro‐zooplankton was ranged from 110 .89 ind/m3 to 2236 .90 ind/m3 ,with Shannon‐Weaver Index of 0 .4764—1 .5732 ,Pielou Evenness Index of 0 .1949—0 .6086 and Margalef Index of 0 .6709—0 .9158 ,indicating that the water quality in the survey area was within medium and heavily polluted .
2016 Vol. 35 (4): 431-435 [Abstract] ( 122 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (932 KB)  ( 299 )
436 Expelling Parasite Pallisentis celatus in Ricefield Eel (Monop terus albus) by Five Drugs
PAN Tingshuang,JIANG He,HU Yuting,DUAN Guoqing
The therapeutic efficacy of five drugs was compared in acanthocephalan Pallisentis celatus para‐site in ricefield eel (Monopterus albus) to provide clinical guideline .Ricefield eel naturally infected with ac‐anthocephala were randomly grouped and treated with five antiscolics seperately ,and in the control group the ricefield eel naturally infected with acanthocephala was treated without any antiscolics .The expelling efficacy was evaluated by reduction in the parasite numbers 7 days post treatments compared with the ini‐tial number of the parasite .The results showed that Albendazole had excellent expelling effect among the five antiscolic groups ,with the maximal acancacephalan reduced percentage of both infection rate and mean abundance on ricefield eel ,and significant differences compared to the other groups (P<0 .05) .
2016 Vol. 35 (4): 436-439 [Abstract] ( 112 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (1628 KB)  ( 465 )
440 A Review:Effects of Astaxanthin in Feed on Quality of Aquatic Animals
ZHAO Liang,WANG Xichang,WU Xugan
2016 Vol. 35 (4): 440-445 [Abstract] ( 113 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (848 KB)  ( 738 )
446 A Review of Inhibition of Pathogenic Bacteria in Aquaculture by Rhubarb
2016 Vol. 35 (4): 446-452 [Abstract] ( 82 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (899 KB)  ( 638 )
453 Effect and Mechanism of Ocean Acidification on Main Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in Aquatic Animals
XU Youqing,TANG Ni,DING Zhaokun
2016 Vol. 35 (4): 453-458 [Abstract] ( 103 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (846 KB)  ( 584 )
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