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  • 月刊，1984年创刊
    主 管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
    主 办：包头医学院
    主 编：赵云山
    特邀主编：高长青
    编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
    国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
    国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
    邮发代号：16-292
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2020 Vol. 39, No. 3
Published: 2020-05-25
Research and Application
Overivew and Specific Topic
 
       Research and Application
299 Interaction between miRNAs and Thyroid Hormone Receptor TRβ in Bastard Halibut Paralichthys olivaceus
LIU Suping, FU Yuanshuai, YU Jie, ZHANG Junling, SHI Zhiyi
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.03.001
Thyroid hormone (TH) plays an important role in regulating bastard halibut Paralichthys olivaceus metamorphosis through binding to its receptors (TRs), which is one of the key members of TRs, while miRNAs regulate the expression of target genes at the post-transcriptional level by binding to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of target genes. We predicted that the binding site of multiple miRNAs might is in the 3'-UTR of TRβ gene in bastard halibut by bioinformatics. In order to further explore the relationship between miRNAs and TRβ, in this study, total RNAs from bastard halibut adults were extracted by the Trizol method. The 3'-UTR sequence of TRβ gene was cloned from the total RNA by 3'-RACE method; then the PCR primers for the desired restriction sites SacⅠ and XbaⅠ required for the recombinant plasmid containing dual-luciferase reporter gene were designed and synthesized according to the cloned 3'-UTR sequence of TRβ gene. After PCR amplification, the target 3'-UTR cDNA sequence of TRβ gene containing specific restriction enzyme site was obtained, whose gene fragment and pmirGLO vector were digested by double enzymes. The ligation reaction was performed with T4 DNA Ligase and transformed into DH5α competent cells. The recombinant plasmid was extracted, and then double enzyme digestion, agarose gel electrophoresis and sequencing validation were performed. The results showed that the dual-luciferase recombinant reporter vector was successfully constructed and named as pmirGLO-TRβ-3'-UTR; finally five predicted miRNAs (pol-miR-125a, pol-miR-214, pol-miR-460-5p, pol-miR-138 and pol-miR-125a*) were selected to examine the interaction with TRβ, five miRNA mimics and the recombinant plasmid pmirGLO-TRβ-3'-UTR constructed above were transfected into 293T cells, and the luciferase reporter gene system was used to detect the luminescence value. The analysis revealed that bastard halibut TRβ is target gene of pol-miR-125a, pol-miR-214, pol-miR-460-5p and pol-miR-138, but it is not a target gene of pol-miR-125a*. These findings provide the basis for the further study on the function and mechanism of miRNAs and TRβ in the metamorphosis of bastard halibut.
2020 Vol. 39 (3): 299-305 [Abstract] ( 251 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (11402 KB)  ( 100 )
306 Screening of Reference Genes in Allogynogenetic Silver Crucian Carp Carassius auratus gibelio
FEI Yueyue, NAN Xingyu, YU Lu, LUO Yang, GAO Zhongyuan, XU Dan
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.03.002
Reference genes can be calibrated by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). However, there is still no study on the infection of allogynogenetic silver crucian carp Carassius auratus gibelio with Cyprinid herpesvirus Ⅱ (CyHV-2). In this study, the transcription levels of GAPDH, EF-1α, 18 SrRNA and β-actin in tissues and caudal fin cells (GiCF) of allogynogenetic silver crucian carp under different treatment conditions were detected by qRT-PCR, and the stability of their expression levels was analyzed by software geNorm, Norm Finder, Best Keeper and Delta Ct to screen stable Reference genes in different tissues of healthy allogynogenetic silver crucian carp, and in kidneys, spleens and caudal fin cells of allogynogenetic silver crucian carp infected with CyHV-2 at different times. The geNorm stability value and Ct value of the expression of four reference genes based on the four software analyses showed β-actin and EF-1α were suitable reference genes in the brain, spleen, kidney, muscle, sputum, intestine, liver and heart tissues; that the β-actin gene was stable reference gene in kidney and GiCF cells at different time points underlying CyHV-2 infection; and that the EF-1α was stable reference gene in spleen at different time underlying CyHV-2 infection. The relative expression levels of PIN1 gene were analyzed in kidney at different time using four candidate reference genes as internal parameters to further confirm the above results. It was found that the expression trend of the PIN1 gene was decreased in at different time in the kidney infection using β-actin as the reference, which was more consistent with the sequencing and expression analysis of the cDNA library, and the expression was significantly different at each time (P<0.01), indicating that the findings are conducive to the study of gene expression analysis and to provide theoretical foundation for obtaining accurate results underlying different treatment conditions.
2020 Vol. 39 (3): 306-315 [Abstract] ( 225 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (19753 KB)  ( 83 )
316 Effects of Four Microbial Preparations on Water Quality and Postlarval Survival of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
HONG Juken, XUE Ming, NING Weimin, LI Chengcong, CHEN Yao, YU Wenzhi, HUANG Xuemin, LIANG Huafang, WEN Chongqing
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.03.003
The contents of viable bacteria of four preparations labeled as Bacillus licheniformis, B. subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Lactobacillus plantarum were determined by plate counting, and the strains isolated from the preparations were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. Fifty thousand larvae of nauplius 3 of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei without specific pathogen were reared in a 250 L seawater-containing FRP barrel. Then each preparation was daily added into the larviculture water from early stage of zoea 1 to the postlarva 1 stages for 10 days at a level of 5×108 cfu/L for B. licheniformis and B. subtilis preparations, and 1×108 cfu/L for E. faecalis and L. plantarum preparations. The water quality indices and survival rate of the postlarvae were determined regularly. The results showed that the four preparations were all composed of single pure species with high concentration. There were significantly higher contents of ammonia nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand in the B. licheniformis group than those in the control group, while the concentrations of nitrite nitrogen in the E. faecalis and L. plantarum groups were obviously lower than that in the control at the early stage of larviculture (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the survival rates of postlarvae among groups (P>0.05) with the exception in the B. licheniformis group, with significantly lower than that in the B. subtilis group at postlarva 3 stage (P<0.05). However, the maximal survival rate and vitality of postlarvae were observed in B. subtilis group and the worst in B. licheniformis group. The findings indicated that under no obvious stress conditions, continuous application of microbial preparations had no significant effects in the water quality and survival rate of postlarvae as a whole. However, the effect of two kinds of Bacillus preparations was significantly different.
2020 Vol. 39 (3): 316-323 [Abstract] ( 218 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (14777 KB)  ( 120 )
324 Effect of Dopamine Injection on Aggressive Behavior of Chinese Mitten Crab
DAI Liang, LI Xiaodong, LI Yi, LIU Handi, CAO Meng, ZHENG Yan, SUN Na
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.03.004
A total of 100 male first-year-old Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis in the same family were divided into four groups, and injected with 20 μL saline (control group), 10-8, 10-7 and 10-6 mol of dopamine solution at the arterial membranes of the fifth pereiopod. The crab was put into PE pipe with diameter of 20 cm and height of 40 cm (12 holes with diameter of 5 mm were drilled uniformly at the bottom). Two individuals were dumped in two opaque beakers in the test containers and placed on the opposite side of PE tube for 1 hour, and at the beginning of the experiment, two beakers were taken out at the same time. Closed-circuit camera was used to observe aggressive behavior, and to record the fighting duration, fighting frequency, fighting score and the relationship between success and failure of the two crabs within 4 hours to explore the effect of neurotransmitter dopamine on the aggressive behavior of Chinese mitten crab. At the end of the fight, test crabs and three crabs in the control group were quickly sampled, and the content of dopamine was determined by ELISA enzyme immunoassay in the hemolymph. It was found that there was the longest period of fighting in the crab in the control group, significant difference between the control group and the dopamine injection groups (P<0.05). In the dopamine injection groups, the fighting duration was decreased with the increase in the dopamine dose. The fighting intensity of crab was shown to be lower in control group than that in 10-8 mol group, higher than those in other dopamine injection groups, and with significant difference between each injection group (P<0.05). In the dopamine injection groups, the fighting intensity was decreased with the increase in dopamine dosage, with the maximal fighting intensity in 10-8 mol group, significant difference among the groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in fighting frequency between control group and 10-7 mol group (P>0.05), significant difference between control group and other groups (P<0.05). In the dopamine injection groups, fighting frequency was decreased with the increase in injection dosage. There was significant difference between 10-8 mol group and other groups (P<0.05), without significant difference between 10-7 mol group and 10-6 mol group (P>0.05). At the end of the fighting, the winners had the same dopamine level in hemolymph as the normal level, significantly higher than those in the losers (P<0.05). The findings show that dopamine injection leads to significant decrease in fighting behavior of Chinese mitten crab as increase in dopamine dosage.
2020 Vol. 39 (3): 324-331 [Abstract] ( 182 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (19455 KB)  ( 73 )
332 Migration and Transformation of Florfenicol in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems
GUO Rui, ZHANG Yingqi, ZHANG Xianyu, LIU Shuying, WU Zizeng, ZHANG Qian, LIU Ying, MD MOSTAFIZUR Rahman
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.03.005
In many countries, food safety limit standards have been established for florfenicol residues in food and the corresponding drug withdrawal period has been specified with the extensive usage of antibiotics. In this study, exposure experiment was conducted for 7 days administration of florfenicol-containing diet at 10 mg/(kg·d) and 14 days discontinuation of the drug in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). HPLC was used to detect the residual florfenicol in RAS, muscle and liver tissues of toothed-tongue seabass Dicentrarchus labrax. The results showed that the concentration of florfenicol in the units of RAS (Protein skimmer, biofilter, and UV disinfection device) was increased with different degrees. The maximum value of florfenicol was observed at the 7th day of administration. Then the residual concentration of florfenicol was gradually decreased to the pre-treated level at the 14th day of drug withdrawal. At the same time, the contribution of florfenicol removal in different treatment units: UV disinfection device>protein skimmer>biofilter. Meanwhile, the residual level of florfenicol in fish tissues was decreased with the prolonged withdrawal time, and the residual florfenicol in muscle tissue was always higher than that in florfenicol in liver tissue. After 7 days withdrawal, the residual amount in liver and muscle tissues was lower than the national standard of 1000 μg/kg. The findings will provide a theoretical basis for the process design of RAS, and contribute to the sustainable and healthy development of aquaculture industry.
2020 Vol. 39 (3): 332-340 [Abstract] ( 153 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (17674 KB)  ( 73 )
341 Effects of Salinity and Alkalinity on Growth Performance and Muscle Quality of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
CHENG Yamei, ZHAO Jinliang, SONG Lingyuan, WU Hongyan, ZHOU Haotian
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.03.006
Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with initial body weight of (50.00±4.12) g were reared in a recirculating aquarium of 150 cm×60 cm×40 cm at a stocking density of 15 individuals per aquarium in salinity (SW, 12 g/L), alkalinity (AW, 23.8 mmol/L, NaHCO3), salinity-alkalinity (SAW, 12 g/L, 23.8 mmol/L, NaHCO3) and fresh water (FW as a control) for 56 days with triplication to evaluate the effects of salinity and alkalinity on growth performance and muscle nutrition and flavor quality of Nile tilapia. No significant differences in body weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were found in the fish in the treated groups compared to the FW group. The tilapia in SAW group had higher muscular ash content and significantly lower muscular crude protein content than the fish in other groups did (P<0.05), without significant difference in muscle moisture and crude fat content among the three groups (P>0.05). The ratio of essential amino acid to total amino acid was varied from 40% to 41% and the ratio of essential amino acid to non-essential amino acid from 66% to 69%, without significant difference among the three groups (P>0.05). The essential amino acid index was found to be ranged from 47.06 to 59.66, significantly lower in the FW group than that in the other groups (P<0.05), significantly higher in the SAW group than those in the SW group and the AW group (P<0.05). The total contents of flavor amino acids in AW group, SAW group, and SW group were 1.78 times, 1.74 times and 1.63 times in FW group, respectively, significantly higher in AW group and SAW group than that in SW group; the total contents of flavor amino acids and free amino acids in SAW group were significantly higher than those in SW and AW groups. The findings indicated that increasing salinity and alkalinity resulted in improvement of the muscular nutrient value and flavor characteristics of Nile tilapia, especially alkalinity.
2020 Vol. 39 (3): 341-349 [Abstract] ( 260 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (13792 KB)  ( 86 )
350 Morphological Differences among Three Wild Populations of Spotted Mandarinfish Siniperca scherzeri in Guizhou Province
HUANG Sheng, PAN Qiuzhi, AN Miao, YU Ke, LI Shan, CHEN Dunxue, MA Xiuhui
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.03.007
The morphometric differentiation of wild spotted mandarinfish Siniperca kneri among three different sampling sites of Yuanjiang, Liujiang and Wujiang rivers in Guizhou province were assessed using multivariate analysis methods based on the measured morphological data and the truss network. After data standardization and parameter selection for original data,the statistical analysis was performed on 12 proportional traits and 12 countable traits.The results showed that among the three populations there were significant differences among the nine countable traits in the single factor analysis (P<0.05). Six principal components were constructed, with cumulative contributory ratio of 72.668%. The top three principal components were mainly affected by characters, including body width, caudal peduncle shape, and distance between the eyes. A stepwise discriminant method was used to establish the characteristic discriminant functions of the three stocks, which revealed that the total accuracy rate of discrimination by the cross-validated method was 81.5%. Based on the morphological clustering map, the morphological relationship between the Yuanjiang and Liujiang populations was relatively close, then gather with Wujiang population. The difference coefficient analysis indicated that the difference among the three populations in the caudal peduncle length/body length traits reached the subspecies level (CD>1.28). It is concluded that there were some differences in morphology among the populations, the difference between Liujiang and Yuanjiang was small, but Wujiang was quite different. The established discriminant equation can distinguish the three spotted mandarinfish populations. The findings can be used to identify the three mandarinfish populations in the future, and also provide a theoretical basis for population conservation and breeding.
2020 Vol. 39 (3): 350-358 [Abstract] ( 146 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (18014 KB)  ( 67 )
359 Biodiversity and Distribution Characteristics of Fishery Biological Community in Jiulong River Estuary
YE Sunzhong, KE Shuting, MA Chao, LUO Donglian, LIU Yong, YANG Fang, GUO Shuyue, SHEN Changchun, CAI Jiandi, XU Chunyan, ZHUANG Zhidong
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.03.008
A 110 kW fishing vessel with truss single beam with 30 mm mesh was used at 10 stations in Jiulong River Estuary and trawled once and every time for 20 minutes at each station on March (spring) and October (autumn) of 2015,to investigate the species composition, dominant species, quantity distribution and diversity of fishery biological communities in this area for sustainable utilization and management and carrying capacity of fishery resources. The results showed that a total of 114 species were collected, belonging to 81 genera, 48 families and 18 orders, dominated by tropical and subtropical water species which belonged to Chinese-Japanese subregion of Indo-West-Pacific fishes. The species replacement rate was 68.4%, with dominant species (relative important index, IRI>1000) ridgetail white prawn Exopalaemon carinioauda, long-tailed anchovy Coilia mystus, Japanese stone crab Charybdis japonica and other 5 species, with evident change in dominant species during the two seasons. The catch was primarily composed of short life cycle, small individual and low nutrition species, with a high percentage of economic species. There was average resource density of 167.43 kg/km2 in spring and 163.36 kg/km2 in autumn, and fish dominated in the catches, with Shannon-Wiener diversity index of 2.38, Margalef richness index of 4.64 and Pielou evenness index of 0.76, indicating that the abundance of fishery biological community had strong seasonal variation, and that the diversity was decreased compared with historical data.
2020 Vol. 39 (3): 359-368 [Abstract] ( 202 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (17569 KB)  ( 82 )
369 Transcriptome Analysis of Cuttlefish Sepia esculenta Exposed to Low Salinity Stress
WANG Xingqiang, CAO Mei, CUI Chunhui, ZHENG Nianhao, SHEN Ye, LIU Haojie, DING Xuefeng
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.03.009
The transcriptome data were determined in juvenile cuttlefish Sepia esculenta with body weight of (1.3±0.3) g exposed to normal salinity (30) and low salinity stress (15) for 6 h by high throughput sequencing to investigate the molecular mechanism of low salinity stress on the cuttlefish. A total of 87 326 026 sequences were obtained by sequencing, and 575 171 transcripts and 513 053 Unigenes were obtained through the quality shear and reassembly of the raw data. A total of 62 485 annotation results were obtained in the NR, Swiss-Prot, KEGG, String, and Pfam databases. KEGG pathways with a larger number of Unigenes were purine, pyrimidine and carbon metabolism, PI3K-AKT, cAMP and Rap1 signaling pathways, endocytosis, RNA transport, focal adhesion, lysine degradation, and ubiquitin mediated protein hydrolysis. Low salinity stress led to produce 1923 differential expression genes. GO functional enrichment analysis revealed that some biological processes related to low salinity stress, such as α-amino acid, carboxylic acid, oxyacetic acid, organic acid and RNA metabolism, were significantly enriched. GO visualization analysis indicated that low salinity stress had a significant impact on the binding of metal ions, anions and nucleotides, α-amino acid metabolism, and hydrolase activity. The enrichment analysis of the KEGG pathway showed that the difference expression genes under low salinity stress of 6h mainly enriched into estrogen and cardiomyocyte epinephrine signaling pathways, steroid biosynthesis, antigen processing and expression, fat and protein digestion and absorption, glycerin lipids, arachidonic acid and tyrosine metabolism. The gene and pathway information found in this study provides technical support for exploring the physiological mechanism of low salinity stress of cuttlefish, for developing molecular markers and for cloning of key genes in the future.
2020 Vol. 39 (3): 369-380 [Abstract] ( 175 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (30712 KB)  ( 82 )
381 Toxicity of Copper Sulfate and Zinc Chloride on DNA Damage and Metallothionein Gene Expression in Loach Cell Lines
JIANG Shan, LI Xia, LI Zhuangzhuang, YANG Yanjin, WANG Yu, ZHU Yuanchen, QIN Yanjie
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.03.010
The effects of copper sulfate and zinc chloride on DNA damage and metallothionein (MT) gene expression were studied in loach fin cell lines in this study. Cells were suffered by 0, 100, 200, 400 and 800 μmol/L copper sulfate, and 0, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 μmol/L zinc chloride, respectively, for 24 h, and the DNA damage (detected by single cell gel electrophoresis)and MT expression were studied. Results showed that the DNA damage were gradually obvious with the increasing concentrations of copper sulfate and zinc chloride, showing concentration dependent characteristics. When copper sulfate and zinc chloride were greater than or equal to 200 μmol/L and 400 μmol/L, respectively, the Tailing percent, comet tailing DNA ratio (Tail DNA), comet tail length (L Tail), comet tail distance (TM) and Olive tail moment (OTM) were significantly increased(P<0.05). MT mRNA expression levels were studied by Real-time PCR using β-actin as internal reference gene. The MT mRNA expression values were maintained at the level of the control group, and then decreased significantly with the increasing concentration of copper sulfate. Expressed levels of MT in loach cells increased at low concentration of zinc chloride (200 and 400 μmol/L) and then decreased significantly with the increasing zinc chloride concentration. These findings indicated that MT mRNA were induced at zinc chloride concentration of less than or equal to 400 μmol/L. In general, loach fin cells were more sensitive to copper sulfate than to zinc chloride, and the genetic toxicity was more obviously in the cells exposed to copper. The results of this study will allow us to understand the mechanism of genetic toxicity to loach cells under Cu and Zn exposure and provide some information about physiology regulation and environmental monitoring.
2020 Vol. 39 (3): 381-387 [Abstract] ( 131 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (14882 KB)  ( 55 )
388 Selectivity of Codend Mesh of Stow Nets with Double Pile Vertical Hole in Haizhou Bay in Autumn
XU Qingchang, LI Xiansen, SUN Shan, FAN Gangzhou
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.03.011
A stow net with codend mesh of 25, 35, 45 and 55 mm was operated 11 times in the sea area near Haizhou Bay fishing ground N 35°02.335',E 119°24.842' in the Yellow Sea in autumn of 2018 to probe into the selectivity of stow nets through Logistic selectivity model, selectivity curve of different meshes to small yellow croaker Pseudosciaena polyactis, composition of catches, proportion of juveniles and selectivity analysis. Results showed that the dominant species caught by the stow net were small yellow croaker, silver hairtail Trichiurus lepturus and swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus in September. Escape percentage of catch weight and number was rapidly increased with the increase in the mesh size, even over 80% at mesh size of 55 mm. There were high percentages of juvenile small yellow croaker, butterfish Pampus argenteus and swimming crab, almost all juvenile fish, over 70% in silver hairtail in the catches. Based on the minimum catch length of small yellow croaker, it was concluded that the optimum mesh size of the stow net was (40.59±3.19) mm. The findings provided a scientific basis for the sustainable development of fishery resources and fishery management in Haizhou Bay.
2020 Vol. 39 (3): 388-393 [Abstract] ( 117 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (10182 KB)  ( 53 )
394 Effects of Acute Raising Temperature Stress and Recovery on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Amur Sleeper Perccottus glenii
WANG Boya, GUO Ce, HUANG Puyi, CHAI Longhui
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.03.012
Amur sleeper Perccottus glenii with body weight of (13.41±6.31) g was divided into three groups and reared in a glass aquarium of 80 cm×60 cm×40 cm at water temperature of 17 ℃ (control group), gradual warming at a rate of 1 ℃/d (gradual warming group), and in acute warming group, the test fish being transferred directly from 17 ℃ aquarium to 31 ℃ aquarium. In the two groups the water temperature was kept at constant 31 ℃ and the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were determined in liver, brain and muscle of Amur sleeper to understand the effects of acute warming stress on the antioxidant capacity and mortality rate of Amur sleeper and to provide references with industrial aquaculture of Amur sleeper. The results showed that there were significantly higher mortality rate and activities of antioxidant enzymes in liver and brain in the Amur sleeper in the acute warming group than those in the gradual warming group (P<0.05). The activities of SOD and GPX in brain were found to be significantly higher in the Amur sleeper in the acute warming group than those in gradually warming group after 6 hours (P<0.05). The activities of SOD and GPX, however, were significantly lower than those in the control group during the recovery to 17 ℃ (P<0.05), and the activities of SOD in muscle were significantly higher than those in gradually warming group at 12 hours (P<0.05). The content of MDA in liver was significantly higher in the Amur sleeper in the acute warming group than that in control group within 1 hour (P<0.05). The content of MDA in the brain was significantly higher than that in the control group and the gradually warming group (P<0.05), and in the muscle was significantly higher than that in the gradually warming group (P<0.05), while the content of MDA in the brain during recovery was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The findings indicated that liver and brain injury was not recovered under long-term high temperature stress, and muscle was more adaptable to acute warming than liver and brain. GPX in the brain first responded to oxidative damage caused by acute warming, and then increases in SOD and CAT activities inhibitting GPX activity. Amur sleeper can survive longer under the condition of gradual warming than under acute warming.
2020 Vol. 39 (3): 394-399 [Abstract] ( 158 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (9630 KB)  ( 63 )
400 Effect of Salinity on Biofloc Culture, Growth and Enzyme Activity in Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
QIN Haipeng, YANG Shiping, WANG Bo, LIAO Xuzheng, HU Shikang, ZHAO Jichen, HE Zihao, SUN Chengbo
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.03.013
In this study, the biofloc culture experiment was carried out under different salinity (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30) conditions in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vennamei to study the effect of salinity on the water quality of biofloc culture and the growth and enzyme activity of the shrimp. The initial amount of biofloc was 20 mL/L, the density of prawns was 500 ind/m3, and the experimental period was 30 d. The results showed that the maximal body weight growth rate (70.73%) was observed at salinity 15 and 20, and the minimal body weight growth rate (50.24%) was observed at salinity 10. The higher the salinity, the faster the growth of the bioflocs. The 17-day biofloc sedimentation in the salinity 30 group reached 200 mL/L, and then was gradually decreased. The same trend change was observed in the other groups. The total alkalinity and pH of the water continued to be decreased during the experiment, without significant difference among the different groups (P>0.05). Ammonia nitrogen accumulation was at the fastest rate in the salinity 30 group, with the maximum concentration of 8.62 mg/L on the 6th day, then decreased to 0 mL/L, at the salinity 10 group the rate was accumulated the slowest, and also reached the maximum concentration on the 6th day, 1.71 mg/L, then decreased to 0 mg/L, and the other groups showed the same trend. The higher the salinity, the faster the ammonia nitrogen accumulation, and in the salinity 30 group the maximum concentration of 8.62 mg/L was found on the 6th day, then decreased to 0 mL/L, and the other groups showed the same trend. The lower the salinity, the faster the nitrite accumulation. In the salinity 10 group the maximum concentration of 9.18 mg/L was found on the 6th day, then decreased to 0 mL/L, and the other groups showed the same trend. Nitrate nitrogen level was increased in the early stage with different salinity, and declined slowly after the 16th day. There was significantly higher amylase activity in the salinity 15 group than that in the other groups, without difference among the other groups. The maximal lipase activity at salinity 25, and the salinity is increased or the enzyme activity is decreased. The SOD, AKP and ACP activities were maintained at a high level between 15 and 25 salinity. At the same salinity, the muscle enzyme activity was lower than that in the liver.
2020 Vol. 39 (3): 400-406 [Abstract] ( 243 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (16277 KB)  ( 93 )
407 Nutritional Composition Analysis and Evaluation of Eggs in American Shad Alosa sapidissima
SHI Yonghai, XU Jiabo, XIE Yongde, LIU Yongshi, SHUI Chun, LU Genhai, ZHANG Genyu, JIANG Fei
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.03.014
Nutritional composition and quality of eggs were analyzed and evaluated in American shad Alosa sapidissima by biochemical analysis methods in order to understand the nutritive value of the eggs. The results showed that there were moisture of 91.88%, crude protein of 5.33%, crude fat of 1.14%, and ash of 0.76% in the fresh eggs, with the top contents of lutamic acid, leucine, alanine, and aspartic acid in 18 kinds of amino acids found in the eggs. The eggs contained total amino acid (TAA) of 61.41%, total essential amino acid (EAA) of 27.05%, total non-essential amino acid (NEAA) of 30.54%, and total delicious amino acid (DAA) of 21.12%, with EAA/TAA=0.44, EAA/NEAA=0.89, and DAA/TAA=0.34. The amino acids score (AAS) and chemical score(CS) revealed that the first limited amino acid was Met+Cys,the second limited amino acid was Try, with the essential amino acid index (EAAI) of 3.17, and the ratio of branched chain amino acid to aromatic amino acid (F value) of 86.98. Three saturated fatty acids (∑SFA =30.43%),two mono-unsaturated fatty acids (∑MUFA=28.45%),and eight poly-unsaturated fatty acids (∑PUFA=41.04%) were found in the dry eggs, with the ∑SFA/∑UFA=0.44 and ∑n-3PUFA/∑n-6PUFA=0.51. The fatty acids in eggs were primarily comprised of C18:1n9c (27.13%), C16:0 (22.39%), C18:2n6c (14.56%), and C22:6n3 (DHA)(11.29%), accounting for 75.37% of the total fatty acids. Therefore, the egg dry matter of American shad has high nutritional value and delicious, although it has the high moisture.
2020 Vol. 39 (3): 407-413 [Abstract] ( 167 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (11047 KB)  ( 86 )
414 Compositions of Fatty Acids and Minerals in Muscle of Blackspot Sisord Catfish Glyptosternum maculaturm
ZHOU Jianshe, WANG Qielu, WANG Wanliang, ZENG Benhe, WANG Jinlin, MU Zhenbo
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.03.015
Compositions of fatty acids and minerals in muscles were analyzed in 10 samples of blackspot sisord catfish Glyptosternum maculaturm with body weight of (158.92±24.10) g collected from the territory of Ngamring County, Xigazê City (N 29°27'58.72″, E 86°54'36.06″), Xizang Autonomous Region in order to explore the nutritional composition of the muscle and to develop and protect the germplasm resources of blackspot sisord catfish. The results showed that there were 16 fatty acids in muscle including 8 saturated fatty acids (SFA), 2 monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), with total content of 1015.7 mg/kg in SFA, 494.4 mg/kg in MUFA and 1148.3 mg/kg in PUFA, and the total content of 108.37 mg/kg in essential fatty acid and 960.08 mg/kg in eicosapentaenoate (EPA)+ docosahexaenoate (DHA). There were atherogenic index (IA) of 0.41, thrombosis index (IT) of 1.18, and 19 mineral elements in muscle of blackspot sisord catfish, with the maximal content of K (4061.23 mg/kg) and the minimal content (0.01 mg/kg) of vanadium (V) in muscle, with the value of Ca∶P=1∶164, and the value of Na∶K=0.33∶1. The risk evaluation of some minerals in muscle of blackspot sisord catfish revealed that the maximal risk index was Zn with the risk index from 16.13% to 39.53% and the minimal one Se with the risk index from 0.02% to 0.03%, indicating that all of the risk indices evaluated were within the safe rang. The findings indicated that there were abundant PUFA and abundant minerals in muscle of blackspot sisord catfish, which has higher edible and health value.
2020 Vol. 39 (3): 414-419 [Abstract] ( 145 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (9479 KB)  ( 50 )
420 Acute Toxicity of Cd2+ and Hg2+ to Salloped Spiny Lobster Panulirus homarus
LIANG Huafang, ZHUO Hongbiao, LIAO Yongyan, HONG Guixin, WEN Chongqing
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.03.016
Acute toxicity of heavy metals Cd2+ and Hg2+ prepared from cadmium chloride and mercury chloride to scalloped spiny lobster Panulirus homarus with body weight of 49.10—52.10 g was tested in a 0.5 m3 round glass steel bucket at water temperature of 28.0—29.0 °C by a toxicological method. The median lethal concentration (LC50) and safety concentrations (SC) of Cd2+ and Hg2+ were obtained by linear interpolation based on the relationship between mortality rates of shrimp and heavy metal doses. The LC50 value of Cd2+ in scalloped spiny lobster was found to be 2.5169 mg/L at 24 h, 1.3378 mg/L at 48 h, 1.0445 mg/L at 72 h and 0.9500 mg/L at 96 h, with the corresponding SC level of 0.0095 mg/L. The LC50 of Hg2+ in spiny lobster were 0.0560 mg/L at 24 h, 0.0333 mg/L at 48 h, 0.0246 mg/L at 72 and 0.0227 mg/L at 96 h, with SC of 0.000227 mg/L, indicating that metal Hg2+ was more toxic to scalloped spiny lobster than that of metal Cd2+.
2020 Vol. 39 (3): 420-424 [Abstract] ( 136 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (7516 KB)  ( 58 )
425 Detection of Rifampicin in Fishery Products by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction
ZHU Sihua, ZHANG Yukun, LIU Zhenxian, QIAN Baocong, LI Bing, MIAO Xiaoqun
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.03.017
A method was established for the detection of rifampicin residues in fishery products by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with dispersive solid phase extraction. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile-dichloromethane (6∶4, V/V) , purified by a mixture of 100 mg C18 and 100 mg ethylenediamine-N-propylsilane (PSA), and then eluted with 3 mmol/L ammonium acetate solution (containing 0.05% formic acid). The electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was operated in the positive mode using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), and the target compound was quantified by the internal standard method. The results showed that the calibration curve for rifampicin exhibited good linear relationship in the range of 1—20 μg/kg with correlation coefficients (r) of more than 0.9986, with detection limit of 0.3 μg/kg and the quantification limit of 1.0 μg/kg. The average recoveries for Nile tilapia hybrid Oreochromis aureus×O.niloticus, Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and Chinese soft shelled turtle Trionyx sinensis were ranged from 90.17%—101.07% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 3.11%—7.66%. The method is suitable for the detection and confirmation of rifampicin in fishery products due to its simplicity, rapidity, and high accuracy, and provides convenient and effective technical support for the supervision of illegal use of rifampicin.
2020 Vol. 39 (3): 425-430 [Abstract] ( 122 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (10433 KB)  ( 53 )
431 Response Surface Analysis of Filtration Rate of Larvae of Selected Line of Red Shell Colored Hard Clam Meretrix meretrix
ZHANG Zhidong, CHEN Aihua, WU Yangping, ZHANG Yu, CHEN Suhua, CAO Yi, TIAN Zhen, ZHANG Shuaizhong, LI Qiujie
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.03.018
In order to compare the filtration rate between the selected line of red shell colored hard clam Meretrix meretrix and wild hard clam and optimize the culture condition of juvenile mollusk, we analyze the filtration rate of juvenile mollusk by the experiment ecology method and response surface method. The results showed that with the increase of salinity, temperature and the concentration of algae, the filtration rate of juvenile mollusk was increased first and then decreased. Under the same conditions, there was no significant difference in the filtration rate between the selected line of red shell colored clam and the natural clam, but the growth rate of the selected line of red shell colored clams was significantly faster than that of the wild hard clam. Through the response surface method optimization, the best filtering rate was observed in the clam cultured under the conditions of salinity of 21.82, temperature of 27.40 ℃, and the concentration of algae of 9.96×104 ind/mL. The filtering rate of the predictive value was 1.62 mL/(ind·min) under this condition.
2020 Vol. 39 (3): 431-437 [Abstract] ( 138 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (15139 KB)  ( 56 )
438 Primary Productivity and Restricted Nutrients in Huanren Reservoir, Liaoning Province
YUAN Junjie, ZHAO Wen, WANG Anpu, LIU Gang, WEI Jie, PANG Yujia, WANG Zhe, WANG Shengyun
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.03.019
The restricted nutrients and physical and chemical indicators of water were determined in situ in water samples collected at three sampling sites in the upstream (Jiangnanjiudui), middle (Lalagangzi) and downstream (Sihedadi) of Huanren Reservoir, Liaoning Province, on April 10, June 11, and August 14, 2018 to understand the nitrogen and phosphorus distribution, nutrient limitation and primary productivity of Huanren Reservoir in Liaoning, and to protect the structure and functional integrity of ecosystem in Huanren Reservoir. Significant increase in dissolved oxygen levels in water was observed at 0.5 mg/mL of nitrogen and 0.3 mg/mL of phosphorus, and N/P value of 2∶1, and N/P value of 4∶1 in downstream was in upstream and middle reaches in nutrient enrichment experiment (P<0.05). It was found that the primary productivity was changed significantly with season, with the lower original P/R coefficient than that in experimental group.It is concluded that nutrient limiting factors in Huanren Reservoir are significantly affected by seasonal variation, with dual restrictions such as nitrogen and phosphorus. According to primary productivity, Huanren Reservoir is a self nourishment metabolic water body.
2020 Vol. 39 (3): 438-446 [Abstract] ( 165 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (18289 KB)  ( 69 )
       Overivew and Specific Topic
447 Research Advances on Tetrodotoxin and Detection: a Review
WANG Xinglong, CAI Qiang, GUI Wenfeng, NI Xiaofeng, CAI Zengxuan, XU Jiaojiao, REN Yiping
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.03.020
2020 Vol. 39 (3): 447-457 [Abstract] ( 221 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (16243 KB)  ( 90 )
458 A Review of Research Progress on Effect of Hydrodynamic Characteristics on Fish in Recirculating Water Culture
WANG Jiangzhu, WAN Li, REN Xiaozhong, SHI Xianying, ZHANG Qian, XUE Boru
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.03.021
2020 Vol. 39 (3): 458-464 [Abstract] ( 218 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (11285 KB)  ( 127 )
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