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  • 月刊，1984年创刊
    主 管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
    主 办：包头医学院
    主 编：赵云山
    特邀主编：高长青
    编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
    国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
    国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
    邮发代号：16-292
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2021 Vol. 40, No. 6
Published: 2021-11-25
Research and Application
Overview and Specific Topic
 
       Research and Application
801 Key Techniques of Industrial Seedling Production for Drab Filefish Thamnaconus septentrionalis in Early Breeding Season
JIANG Lianglong, ZHANG Zhe, WANG Zhen, DU Rongbin, LUAN Shunxiang, WU Yanqing, LIU Liming
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20137
Drab filefish Thamnaconus septentrionalis as a good aquaculture fish species for potential development has been cultured in recent years. From autumn 2018 to spring 2019, an industrial seedling production experiment was conducted in 220 wild broodfish of drab filefish to investigate the techniques of domesticating and maturation inducing of broodstock, egg collection, incubation, and seedling rearing. The results showed that the broodfish began to spawn at the end of March 2019, with the spawn peak (19.5—22.0 ℃) from mid-April to mid-May 2019, about 2 months earlier than that in the natural sea area. The fertilized eggs were hatched after 46—48 h at (22.5±1.5) ℃, and a total of 332×104 ind. newly hatched larvae were obtained with an average hatching rate of (71.0±6.7)%. After 60 days, a total of 4.17×105 ind. fry were obtained with 1.37×105 ind. small sized juveniles (total length of 2—3 cm), 2.0×105 ind. medium size fry (total length of 3—5 cm) and 8×104 ind. large size juveniles (total length of 5—8 cm) in 37 indoor ponds (30 m3/ind.), with total survival rate of 12.6%. The embryonic development and biological characteristics of growth, feeding and living habits of drab filefish during the early life stages were also studied. The four “critical period” were put forward, and the key techniques of seedling production were discussed.
2021 Vol. 40 (6): 801-809 [Abstract] ( 295 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2557 KB)  ( 285 )
810 Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction Conditions for Saponins in Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus by Response Surface Methodology
LIU Guiying, WANG Xuda, GE Kun, HU Chaokui, WU Jinhao, LI Ai, ZHENG Jie, ZHOU Zunchun
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20116
The process of saponin extracting from sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus was optimized to provide reference for the quality evaluation. Cladoloside A was used for evaluation index, and three independent variable factors including microwave time, temperature and ethanol concentrations were examined. The extraction process of cladoloside A was optimized by single factor experiment coupled with Box-Benhken response surface method. Results showed that based on the regression result and considering the feasibility of experiment conduction, the following independent variable values were chosen as the optimized conditions for the extraction of saponin: extraction time of 10 min, extraction temperature of 45 ℃ and 25 mL 70% ethanol under 400 W. The response surface method was used to optimize the extraction of saponins, and it was feasible to provide technical support for the quality control of sea cucumber.
2021 Vol. 40 (6): 810-817 [Abstract] ( 182 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2993 KB)  ( 431 )
818 Effects of Feed Feeding, Starvation and Live Food Refeeding on Glucose Metabolism in Mandarinfish Siniperca chuatsi
MA Chenxi, ZHAO Jinliang, ZENG Mengdong, SONG Yindu, ZHOU Yunhong
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20024
In order to understand the effects of nutrient levels on glucose metabolism of mandarinfish Siniperca chuatsi, a three-week feed feeding experiment, and a starvation and refeeding experiment were carried out in juvenile with average body weights of (3.27±0.63) g and (3.54±0.52) g, and growth index, liver index, liver glycogen, muscle glycogen and blood glucose contents, insulin and glucagon contents, and 9 enzyme activities in glycolysis, pentose phosphate, gluconeogenesis pathways were measured and compared. The results showed that in feed feeding group there was significantly lower growth than that in the live food group, without significant difference in blood glucose, liver glycogen, muscle glycogen, insulin and glucagon contents between two groups, most enzymatic activities did not change significantly except for phosphofructokinase (PFK), and pyruvate kinase (PK). Compared with the normal feeding group, after three weeks of starvation, body weight, liver weight and liver index were significantly decreased. Liver glycogen and muscle glycogen, and blood glucose contents were significantly declined; insulin decreased and glucagon content increased; glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) activity decreased significantly, followed by PFK and PK activities, whereas phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) activities did not changed. After two weeks of starvation and one week of refeeding, liver weight and liver index recovered faster than body weight. Blood glucose recovered faster than liver glycogen and muscle glycogen levels; insulin and glucagon levels were returned to normal level; all enzymatic activity restored. These findings indicated that feed feeding had no significant effect on glucose metabolism, while a significant change on glucose metabolism happened in starvation and refeeding of mandarinfish.
2021 Vol. 40 (6): 818-825 [Abstract] ( 156 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1072 KB)  ( 183 )
826 Feeding Selection and Development of Digestive Organs in Rice Flower Carp Cyprinus carpio Larvae and Juveniles
LIU Ting, HUANG Kai, LIN Yong, LUO Yuxiao, JIANG Shisong, LIANG Yixin, PANG Linxing, MO Cuiqin
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20082
In this study, the histological structure of digestive system development of the larval and juvenile of rice flower carp Cyprinus carpio was observed by histological technique, and the changes in feeding selection and digestive enzyme activities were measured to explore the suitable weaning food for the larvae and juveniles of rice flower carp. The results showed that the larvae began to feed at 3 days old, and digestive enzyme activities were observed before feeding. At 5 days of age, the dental sac appeared, and chewing and digestive functions were enhanced; at 6 days of age, the striated border appeared in the digestive tract, which indicated the beginning of intestinal function of the larvae. At 8 days of age, the alkaline phosphatase activity was increased significantly, indicating that the intestine had developed well. And at this point, the hepatopancreas began to develop fully, lipase and amylase activities subsequently increased. At 10 days of age, the scales of larvae were observed for the first time, indicating that the larvae were transformed into juveniles. After 12 days of age, the nuclear contents and vacuoles appeared in the intestine, indicating that the intestinal protein digestion function was basically improved, and the activity of acid protease was increased. At 30 days of age, the morphology and function of digestive organ were close to that of adult fish. Before 14 days of age, it was speculated that small algae and rotifers were the main food sources; and after 14 days of age, the food intake of zooplankton increased significantly. The findings indicated that the feeding of the larvae and juveniles of rice flower carp were related to digestive organ development and digestive enzyme activity. The change in digestive enzyme activity after initial feeding was affected by the development of digestive organs. It was suggested that the particle size of the food be 50—170 μm in 3 to 14 days of age, and that the proportion of fat be increased in 10 to 14 days of age. At 14 to 30 days of age, the feeding habit of rice flower carp was omnivorous preference animal food type, it needed nutrition balanced compound feed (protein and fat) and mixed zooplankton feeding with size 170—350 μm in at this time.
2021 Vol. 40 (6): 826-834 [Abstract] ( 149 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4579 KB)  ( 197 )
835 Nutritional Composition Analysis in Muscle of Tapertail Anchovy Coilia nasus from Dayang River before and after Reproduction
JIANG Xianghui, YANG Peimin
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20146
Nutrient components of adult female and male tapertail anchovy Coilia nasus spawning stock in Dayang River were investigated by routine methods and the nutritional quality was evaluated in order to explore the nutritional components and germplasm protection of tapertail anchovy. The results showed that there was significantly higher crude protein content in adult male than that in female tapertail anchovy, without significance in content of moisture, crude fat and ash between female and male tapertail anchovy (P>0.05). It was found that the meat quality of the post-spawning female and the pre-spawning male was more delicious. It was found that the pre-and post-spawning female had significantly higher index of essential amino acids than the male did (P<0.05). The amino acid score (ASS) and chemical score (CS) revealed that, the first limiting amino acid of the four groups was tryptophan, with the maximal content of C16:0 in SFA, especially in the post-spawning male, accounting for 22.08% of the total fatty acids. The content of C18:1 was the maximum among monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The maximum value was also found in the muscle of the pre-spawning female accounting for 46.22% of the total fatty acids. The amount of EPA and DHA in polyunsaturated fatty acids were very high in tapertail anchovy, with the maximum in the male post-spawning, followed by the pre-spawning female .The above analysis results showed that the amino acid and fatty acid contents of pre-spawning fenale and post-spawning male were more abundant, so they had better edible value and health function than the fish in the other two groups did. However, it was found that the meat quality of the post-spawning female and the pre-spawning male was more delicious.
2021 Vol. 40 (6): 835-842 [Abstract] ( 146 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1069 KB)  ( 220 )
843 Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis of Dmrta1 Gene in Northern Pike Esox lucius
LI Jing, ZHAO Ruiyang, TANG Lu, ZHANG Junjie, AIKEBAI Gulipari
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20078
The purpose of this study was to preliminarily investigate the role of Dmrta1(doublesex-and mab-3-related transcription factor A1) gene in gonad development in northern pike Esox lucius. In this study, Dmrta1 gene of northern pike cloned by RT-PCR had sequence length of 1408 bp, encoding 433 amino acids, the predicted molecular weight of 36.047 ku, and the theoretical isoelectric point (PI) of 5.94. The gene structure and the evolutionary relationship of species were carried out using the SMART, Swiss-Model and MEGA software to be evaluated.Protein structural prediction based on the putative amino acid sequence of the Dmrta1 revealed that Dmrta1 gene of E. lucius contained a DM domain and a DMA domain, indicating that it was more phylogenetically related to Oncorhynchus mykiss and O. nerka. The homology of amino acid sequence of Dmrta1 gene in E. lucius was above 75% with O. kisutch, O. nerka, O. mykiss and Salmo salar, respectively. Real-time PCR analysis showed that Dmrta1 gene was expressed in male and female gonads, gills, meat and other tissues. The expression of Dmrta1 gene was significantly higher in testis than that in ovary (P<0.05).At the age of 180 days and 320 days, this gene was highly expressed in the gonads and gills of male E. lucius .The findings showed that the expression level of Dmrta1 gene in the testis was increased during development, indicating that it plays an important role in the maturation of testis. The Dmrta1 gene may play an important role in the formation of gills and the promotion of male sex differentiation and function maintenance.
2021 Vol. 40 (6): 843-850 [Abstract] ( 189 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (7718 KB)  ( 99 )
851 Community Characteristics of Phytoplankton: a Case in a Macrophyte-Dominated Sub-Lake of Baiyangdian Lake during Overgrowth Period of Submerged Macrophytes
LIU Yang, LI Zhifei, ZHANG Xiaoke, LIU Xueguang, XIE Jun, WANG Guangjun, ZHANG Junwang
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20071
Species composition, cell abundance, and biomass of phytoplankton were surveyed in 4 sampling zones with 4 sampling site in each zone in overgrowth of submerged macrophytes in Baiyangdian Lake (Shihoudian Sub-lake) in August 2018 to understand the community characteristics of phytoplankton during the explosive reproduction period of submerged macrophytes. The status of water quality was evaluated during the overgrowth period. A total of 68 species (51 genera) of phytoplankton were observed over a total cultured period, belonging to six major functional groups, i.e, Chlorophyta (30 species), Bacillariophyta (16 species), Cyanophyta (16 species), Euglenophyta (3 species), Pyrrophyta (1 species), and Cryptophyta (1 species), with phytoplankton abundance of 5.68×106—17.24×106 cells/L (average 9.13×106 cells/L)and phytoplankton biomass of 1.42—8.71 mg/L (average 4.61 mg/L). Redundancy analysis revealed that transparency, total dissolved solids, conductivity and pH were the most important environmental factors affecting the spatial distribution of phytoplankton species composition in summer. The water quality of Shihoudian Sub-lake was found to be β-meso-polluted to oligo-polluted judging from the phytoplankton diversity evaluation. Compared with algal regions and non-overgrowth period in Baiyangdian Lake, the characteristics of phytoplankton community in the overgrowth period of submerged macrophytes displayed a great difference.The finding provides support for ecological restoration and functional enhancement of macrophyte-dominated sub-lake.
2021 Vol. 40 (6): 851-859 [Abstract] ( 127 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2592 KB)  ( 181 )
860 Effects of Different Floc Particle Sizes on Nitrification in Biofloc Technology Aquaculture System
CHEN Xiaoqing, LUO Guozhi, TAN Hongxin, WU Huifang, MENG Haoyan, LI Shuang
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19049
After biofloc were cultured for 50 days, three groups of different particle size flocs were sieved through a 300 mesh sieve which named as un-sieved bioflocs, <50 μm particle size and >50 μm particle size, respectively. A total of 10 mg/L total ammonia nitrogen(TAN) and glucose were added into the three reactors with the C/N ratio of 15. The removal effect of nitrogen in the water was investigated. It was showed that there was no significant differences in the assimilation removal rate of ammonia nitrogen with different size flocs(P＞0.05).The bacterial community of bioflocs was analyzed by Illumina MiSeq sequencing analyzes. The results showed that the microbial community composition of the different floc particle size groups was similar at the levels of phylum, class and genus. The main bacteria in the process of biofloc culture belonged to 6 classes: Actinobacteria, α-Proteobacteria, β-Proteobacteria, γ-Proteobacteria, Bacilli and Sphingobacteriia. In the genus level, Rhodococcus, Microbacterium, Hydrogenophaga and Bacillus were dominant bacteria. Other bacterium genera include Paracoccus, Pseudomonas, Aquimonas, Mycobacterium, Candidatus_Alysiosphaera and some unknown ones. There was significantly higher abundance of Firmicutes (Bacillus) in the <50 m particle size group than that in the other two groups(P＜0.05), and particle size had a significant effect on the abundance of Firmicutes (Bacillus)(P＜0.05). The addition of carbon source can improve the stability and cushioning of the microbial community.
2021 Vol. 40 (6): 860-869 [Abstract] ( 126 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (5571 KB)  ( 197 )
870 Embryonic Development and Expression Level of hsp70 Gene of Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella under Different Temperatures
QIU Yuming, LIN Wang, GUO Honghui, ZHANG Ce, LI Li, LI Dapeng
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20089
In order to explore the effect and mechanism of water temperature on embryonic development, the embryos of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella obtained by artificial insemination were incubated at different temperatures (22 ℃, 25 ℃, 28 ℃, and 31 ℃) in the present study. The incubation duration, hatching rate and deformity rate as well as the effective accumulative temperature were recorded and calculated along with the body length of the newly hatched larvae and the expression levels of hsp70 gene in the newly hatched larvae were also detected by using real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed that the hatching rate of embryos was increased significantly with increasing exposure temperature between 22—28 ℃, while the deformity rate significantly was decreased. On the contrary, the hatching rate was significantly decreased [(31.51±1.84)%] (P<0.05) and the deformity rate was increased significantly [(90.00±5.79)%] (P<0.05) at 31 ℃. The regression equation between temperature and hatching rate was described as y=-0.0192x2＋0.9695x-11.246 (r2=0.872), and the regression equation between temperature and deformity rate was expressed as y=0.0271x2-1.3608x＋17.035 (r2=0.931). Also, the hatching duration was significantly decreased in a time-dependent way and the effective accumulative temperature was significantly elevated between 22—28 ℃. The value of Q10 was changed from 1.77 to 2.27. In the newly hatched larvae, the body length was increased within the range of 22—28 ℃ but decreased at 31 ℃, and the regression equation between temperature and body length was expressed as y=－0.0357x2＋1.9394x－21.138 (r2=0.999). The relative mRNA expression for hsp70 gene was higher at 28 ℃ than that in other groups (P<0.05). The findings indicated that increasing temperature promoted the activation of heat shock protein in grass carp embryos to some extent, which contributed to regulate homeostasis and promote embryonic development, with the range of optimal temperature of embryonic development of 25—28 ℃ for grass carp.
2021 Vol. 40 (6): 870-876 [Abstract] ( 175 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1136 KB)  ( 464 )
877 Effects of Different Lipid Levels Diet Supplemented with Surfactin in Orange Spotted Grouper Epinephelus coioides
ZHU Huaining, SUN Xiuwen, ZHAI Shaowei
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20093
The 56 days feeding trail was conducted to investigate the effects of different lipid levels diet supplemented with surfactin in orange spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides. A total of 480 healthy juvenile grouper with the mean body weight of (23.36±0.06) g were randomly assigned to six treatments with four replicates per treatment and 20 fish per replicate. Six experimental diets were formulated to contain three lipid levels (6%,10% and 14%) and two surfactin supplemental levels (0 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg). Compared with 6% lipid group and 10% lipid group without surfactin supplementation, the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of those two groups with surfactin supplementation were significantly improved (P<0.05), and similar with the parameters in the 14% lipid group without surfactin supplementation (P>0.05); the feed conversion ratio and food intake were significantly decreased (P<0.05). When the dietary lipid level was 14%, the above growth performance parameters were not significantly affected by surfactin supplementation (P>0.05). The intestinal lipase activity were significantly increased by surfactin supplementation at different lipid levels (P<0.05), the activities of amylase and protease were not significantly affected (P>0.05). The content of total cholesterol were decreased significantly (P<0.05), the content of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased significantly (P<0.05), and the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were not significantly affected by the surfactin supplementation (P>0.05), while the level of triglyceride was decreased significantly by surfactin supplementation at 10% and 14% lipid levels (P<0.05). In conclusion, dietary surfactin supplementation improved the activity of lipase in intestine, blood lipid level and growth of juvenile grouper at 6% and 10% lipid levels, and the growth performance were not significantly affected at 14% lipid level.
2021 Vol. 40 (6): 877-882 [Abstract] ( 153 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1046 KB)  ( 144 )
883 Reproduction of Surf Clam Mactra veneriformis Inhabiting the Liaohe Estuary
LIU Xiangfeng, XIE Xi, CHEN Wei, ZHU Shouwei, TENG Weiming, LI Dacheng, LI Xiaodong, WANG Qingzhi
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20114
The reproductive cycle and relationship with environmental factors were studied in surf clam Mactra veneriformis inhabiting the Liaohe Estuary. From March to October 2018, samples were collected monthly for biometrics, histological observation and conditional index (dry weight of soft part/dry weight of shell × 100%) analysis. Meanwhile, the water temperature, salinity and chlorophyll a content in the sea area were measured. Histological observation showed that gametes of the surf clam were discharged twice a year, once from April to June, another in early October, and the first gamete discharge lasted for a long time. The maturation and spawning was found at water temperature of 15—21 ℃ with relatively high content of chlorophyll a. There was no significant quantitative difference between males and females in the sea area, but slightly more males and hermaphroditism was found. The conditional index (CI) showed that there was an obvious recovery period from June to September after the spawning in the sea area, and CI was gradually increased from the minimal value of 8.66 (June) to the maximal value of 14.43 (September).
2021 Vol. 40 (6): 883-888 [Abstract] ( 132 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3887 KB)  ( 188 )
889 Genetic Ability of Precocious Characters of One-Year Old Sexual Precocity of Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis
ZHENG Yan, LIANG Fang, GENG Dan, LI Yang, LIU Xu
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20102
From early June to early October, 2016—2018, the megalopa with body weight of 1.5×105—1.6×105 ind./kg of one-year old precocious Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis, the F3, F2 and F1 of self-bred selective one-year old precocious crab in the family, and non-selective crab (i.e. crab seedlings) were raised in an effective area of 40 m2 enclosure in a paddy field with rice planted at a row spacing of 30 cm and a plant spacing of 20 cm at stocking density of 2500 ind. seedlings per enclosure to compare the breeding characteristics of the selective breeding crab and the non-selective Chinese mitten crab. The results showed that the self-bred selective F1 had slightly lower recapture rate of precocious crab (P>0.05), and sharply decrease in F2 (P<0.01), and the recapture rate of precocious crab was very significant positively correlated with juvenile crab size (P<0.01), and very significant negatively correlated with the recapture rate of juvenile crab and total recapture rate (P<0.01). There was significantly different recapture rate of precocious crab in F1 from that in non-selective crab in the same period (P<0.01), higher in F1, with very significant different from non breeding crab and non-selective crab (P<0.01), higher in non breeding crab. The very significant difference was observed between F2 and the same period breeding crab and non breeding crab (P<0.01), higher in F2. There was significant difference in recapture rate of precocious crab between F3 and the same period breeding crab and non breeding crab (P<0.01), the minimal in F3 and the maximal in the non breeding crab. It is speculated that inheritance is the main factor leading to precocious puberty, and the genes related to precocious puberty are relatively easy to clear through inbreeding. Selective breeding is an effective way to improve the germplasm of Chinese mitten crab and reduce the precocious ratio.
2021 Vol. 40 (6): 889-894 [Abstract] ( 147 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1029 KB)  ( 131 )
895 Effects of Temperature on Growth and Development of Gametophytes in Seaweed Kjellmaniella crassifolia
CHEN Shuxiu, LI Xia, ZHAO Nan, SUN Juan, SHI Liang, LI Xiaojie
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20120
Ten mL of suspension fluid containing female and male gametophytes of seaweed Kjellmaniella crassifolia with 2♀∶1♂ ratio were cultivated in a petri dish with a diameter of 12 cm at water temperature of 5, 8, 12, 15, 20, and 25 ℃, photoperiod of 10L∶14D, and light intensity of 1000 lx to explore the effect of water temperature on the gametophyte growth and development via determination of germination rate including oocystogenesis rate, ovulation rate, and seedling formation rate. It was found that 80%—90% of the gametophytes was developed into juveniles at 8—12 ℃, with 50% of the seedlings. At water temperature of 5 ℃ and 15 ℃, however, 70%—80% of the gametophytes were still kept at the vegetative stage, although a small proportion of gametophytes (20%—30%) entered into the developmental state, significantly retared behind the group teated at 8—12 ℃. Those gametophytes were all remained at vegetative stage at 20 ℃ and 25 ℃. It is concluded that 8—12 ℃ is the optimum condition for the development of gametophytes.
2021 Vol. 40 (6): 895-899 [Abstract] ( 164 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2640 KB)  ( 213 )
900 Testis Development Induced in Japanese Eel Anguilla japonica by 17α-Methyltestosterone Exposure
LAI Xiaojian, PENG Shuai, ZHANG Zhe, LI Zhongqin
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20097
The male Japanese eel Anguilla japonica with body weight of (266.45±18.65) g was held in a round culture bucket with a diameter of 1.5 m, a height of 1.0 m and a water volume of 1000 L at a rate of 10 fish and exposed to 17α-methyltestosterone concentration of 50 μg/L and to 5 mL of absolute ethanol in the control group at water temperature of (21±1) ℃ and a salinity of 35 for 45 d, without feeding, and with half exchange of the water every 5 days. After 17α-methyltestosterone exposure, the histological sections of Japanese eel testis were examined and serum 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) and estradio (E2) levels were determined by ELISA to investigate the promoting effect of 17α-methyltestosterone on gonadal development and possible mechanism. The results showed that the male Japanese eel exposed to 17α-methyltestosterone concentration, with white and flaky testis at phase Ⅳ/ spermiogenesis stage (S5), had gonado-somatic index of (1.63±0.68)%, significantly higher than the eel in the control (about 8 folds) did, with thin testis with serrated edge at phase Ⅱ/ spermatogonial proliferation stage (S1) in the controls group. There was significantly higher serum E2 level in the male Japanese eel exposed to 17α-methyltestosterone [(182.06±30.52) pg/mL] than that in the control group (P<0.05), without significant change in serum 11-KT level between the male Japanese eel exposed to 17α-methyltestosterone [(7.30±2.15) pg/mL] and male Japanese eel in the control group, indicating that MT might induced spermatogenesis in Japanese eel by exposure.
2021 Vol. 40 (6): 900-904 [Abstract] ( 99 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2193 KB)  ( 235 )
905 Differences in Intestinal Morphology and Enzymatic Characteristics between Koi and Goldfish in Hybrid and Self-Crossed Offsprings
LIU Junheng, FENG Xiaosa, ZHANG Yuan, GAO Jianzhong
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20035
By comparing the intestinal characteristics of the orthogonal, reciprocal and self cross offsprings of Showa koi Cyprinus carpio and long tail grass goldfish Carassius auratus, we hope to produce and study the distant hybridization of koi and goldfish to provide theoretical basis. In this study, the intestinal parameters of the orthogonal, reciprocal, and self-crossed progeny of the Showa koi and the long tail goldfish were measured, and the morphological differences were analyzed; then the pH and digestion of the intestinal environment of the F1 progeny were measured and compared enzyme activity. The results showed that the reciprocal F1 generations were in intermediate between the parental inbred F1 generations in relative intestinal length, relative intestinal density, relative intestinal mass, and Zihler′s index; and the pH of the foregut was also in intermediate between Showa koi and long tail grass goldfish self-breeding between F1 generations; however, the intestinal amylase and lipase activities of reciprocal F1 generations were significantly higher than those of self-breeding F1 generations, while protease activity was in intermediate between self-breeding F1 generations. The intestinal parameters of the progeny and the reciprocal progeny of the Showa koi and long tail goldfish were higher than or between those of the two self-crossed progeny, and the intestinal traits of the two were integrated.
2021 Vol. 40 (6): 905-910 [Abstract] ( 372 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1105 KB)  ( 899 )
911 Effects of Effective Microorganisms on Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus clarkii Juveniles in Spartina alterniflora Litter Bottom Matrix
ZHANG Jingyi, JIANG Renping, MENG Xianglong, HUANG Cheng, LIU Maosong
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20138
To evaluate the impact of Spartina alterniflora litter in bottom matrix on mudflat benthos and the adaptive management of resource utilization, the matrix properties and 30 days survival and growth were investigated in 4 microhabitats [S. alterniflora with effective microorganisms (EM) improving, the single Spartina alterniflora, the mud, and the water] of red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii juveniles. The results showed that the survival rate was significantly greater in the EM group than that in the S. alterniflora group, without significant difference from the other two groups. The red swamp crayfish in the EM group had the significantly higher average body length growth than the crayfish in the other three groups did, and the significantly higher average weight gain than those in the mud group and the water group, but close to the S. alterniflora group. All crayfish in four groups had allometric growth patterns, and the juveniles in the EM group had the minimal condition factor. The bottom matrix in the EM group and the S. alterniflora groups affected the soil microbial community structure. Compared with the single S. alterniflora group, there was lower total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents at the bottom matrix of the EM group. It proved that the litter of S. alterniflora directly flowing into the mud matrix had a significant inhibitory effect on the survival of red swamp crayfish. Adding EM improved the deterioration of habitat caused by S. alterniflora decomposition in mud matrix,accelerating decomposition, reducing poison and promoting growth. These findings provide technical support for promotion of red swamp crayfish aquaculture in coastal mudflats and increase the ecological utilization value of S. alterniflora, which provides reference with ecological management of mudflats.
2021 Vol. 40 (6): 911-916 [Abstract] ( 119 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1561 KB)  ( 194 )
917 Influence of Polysaccharide of Green Alga Chlorella pacifica on Activities of Immune-Related Enzymes in Japanese Stone Crab Charybdis japonica
WANG Jiaxin, SU Hong, WANG Weibing, XU Yongzhong, GUO Chenyu, GU Xiaoduo, WANG Hongbin
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20067
Polysaccharides were prepared from green alga Chlorella pacifica by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation. Activities of some immune-related enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and lysozyme (LZM) were determined in Japanese stone crab Charybdis japonica injected with 200 μL of chlorella polysaccharide solution from the third walking leg base by a sterile microsyringe at 5, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after polysaccharide solution administration. The Japanese stone crab in control group was injected with the same amount of normal saline or without any injection to investigate influence of polysaccharide of green alga C. pacifica on activities of immune-related enzymes in Japanese stone crab. The results showed that there was the maximum activity of SOD 72 h after chlorella polysaccharide injection, 43.3% higher than that in the normal saline group and 45.2% higher than that in the uninjection group. The peak CAT activity was found in 48 h, 79.3% and 80.8% higher than those in the normal saline group and the uninjected group, respectively; the maximum activity of LZM was also shown in 48 h, 42.1% and 46.1% higher than that in the normal saline group and the uninjected group, respectively. In 72 h, the activities of SOD, CAT and LZM were all decreased significantly. The activities of CAT and LZM were all returned to the control level at 96 h, though the activities of CAT and LZM were still significantly higher than that in control group in 72 h. Immunoreactive factors in the control group with normal saline were relatively stable, slightly increased after 24 hours compared with uninjected control group, without change at other time. Significant changes in the immunoreactive factors were observed in the Japanese stone crab injected with microalgal polysaccharides within 72 hours (P<0.05), and the activities of SOD, CAT and LZM showed significant increase in different time periods, indicating that chlorella polysaccharides had a stronger effect on immune response to Japanese stone crab.
2021 Vol. 40 (6): 917-921 [Abstract] ( 115 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1182 KB)  ( 164 )
922 Isolation and Characterization of a Fibrinolytic Enzyme from Cultured Sipunculid Phasclosoma esculenta
CAI Binxin, ZHOU Fengfang, RUAN Shaojiang, HUANG Weiqing, LIU Congying, SU Yu
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20053
The fibrinolytic enzyme was extracted from coelomic fluid, intestine, esophagus of cultured sipunculid Phascolosoma esculenta by precipitation, Q sepharose fast flow anion-exchange and sephcry1 S-100 gel filtration, and located in the intestine. Effects of pH (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10), temperature (4 ℃, 37 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, and 70 ℃), metal ions (Na+, K, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, and Al3+) on enzyme activity and ability to dissolve blood clots in vitro were investigated in the fibrinolytic enzyme of sipunculid. The results showed that a fibrinolytic enzyme extracted from intestine of sipunculid known as PK had strong ability to dissolve fibrinolytic protein, with relative molecular mass of about 32 ku, and specific activity of 4343.12 U/mg, increased by 13.82 folds compared with that in crude extract enzyme. But only 3.83% of total enzyme activity recovery was observed. The stable activity of the PK, with blood clot solubility of 88.09%, was kept at pH from 6 to 9 and below 37 ℃, and activated by Mg2+ (P＜0.05) and inhibited by Fe2+, Cu2+, and Al3+ (P＜0.05). The findings indicated that there was fibrinolytic enzyme activity in the intestine of sipunculid, which provided reference with development of fibrinolytic enzyme.
2021 Vol. 40 (6): 922-928 [Abstract] ( 98 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2036 KB)  ( 131 )
929 Population Composition and Fishing Strategy of Whiparm Octopus Octopus variabilis in Breeding Season
HE Jiabei, WANG He, SUN Jianxiao, CAI Mingcheng, FU Jiange, LIU Yongsheng
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20134
The population composition and fishing strategy were explored in 8448 samples of wild whiparm octopus Octopus variabili collected from natural seas near Laizhou Bay and Zhifu Island in Yantai City, Shandong Province, in breeding seasons from May to June 2016 and April to July 2019 by 4 methods (3 batches of each), including hand catching, cage trap, bottom trawl and purchase in market to protect the nature population of whiparm octopus. The results showed that there was lower proportion of female octopus during the breeding season, with negative relationship between average body weight and female proportion in the whiparm octopus population, that is, the higher the proportion of females, the lower the average body weight. The whiparm octopus captured by hands and cage traps had higher survival rate than the whiparm octopus captured by net and purchased from markets, more suitable for catching broodstock octopus for artificial breeding. The female-to-male ratio of whiparm octopus was found to be changed during the breeding season and to be attributed to the reproductive migration and egg-protecting characteristics of female whiparm octopus. The difference in body weight between male and female octopus seemed to be attributed to two reasons: K-selected strategy and sperm competition. The whiparm octopus caught by hands had good integrity and was most suitable for breeding. The article looks forward to the possibility of combining economic fishing of octopus with population resource protection, and proposes to establish a dynamic database of changes in sex composition and average body weight of whiparm octopus through continuous monitoring, which provides reference for the restoration and protection of the natural population of whiparm octopus.
2021 Vol. 40 (6): 929-933 [Abstract] ( 141 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1249 KB)  ( 163 )
       Overview and Specific Topic
934 Recent Advances on Adulteration of Fishery Animal Products Based on DNA Detection: a Review
HUANG Jue, WANG Zhengliang, PAN Haibo, QIU Hui, YU Xiaoping
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20104
2021 Vol. 40 (6): 934-942 [Abstract] ( 181 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1111 KB)  ( 306 )
943 Research Progress on Detection Technology of Cyprinid herpesvirus Ⅱ (CyHV-2): a Review
GUO Baoqin, WEI Chang, LI Qiang
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20200
2021 Vol. 40 (6): 943-950 [Abstract] ( 251 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2670 KB)  ( 328 )
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