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月刊，1984年创刊
主管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
主办：包头医学院
主编：赵云山
特邀主编：高长青
编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
邮发代号：16-292

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2022 Vol. 41, No. 4 Published: 2022-07-25

Research and Application Overview and Specific Topic

Research and Application

	517	Relationship between Plankton Community Structure and Environmental Factors in Ecological Culture Ponds of Black Carp Mylopharyngodon piceus-Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Bighead Carp Aristichthys nobilis
		GONG Jinling, LI Xuemei, HE Yongfeng, YANG Deguo, ZHU Yongjiu
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20212
		In order to study the relationship between plankton community structure and environmental factors in the ecological culture ponds of black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus-silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis from April to October 2015, the plankton and physicochemical properties of water quality were monitored in three black carp culture ponds. The results showed that a total of 112 species of phytoplankton were detected in ecological culture ponds, including Chlorophyta (47), Euglenophyta (30) and Bacillariophyta (17) being the dominant taxonomy. The dominant species were Cyclotella comta, Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus armatus. The average density and biomass of phytoplankton were 3.24×10⁷ ind./L and 32.10 mg/L. A total of 96 species of zooplankton were detected, including 42 protozoa, 40 rotifers, 9 branchopods and 5 copepods. The dominant species were Anuraeopsis fissa, Polyarthra trigla Ehrenberg and Trichocerca pusilla, with average zooplankton density and biomass of 6.08×10⁴ ind./L and 5.20 mg/L. The diversity index of phytoplankton and zooplankton in different months were Shannon-Wiener′s diversity index (1.8—2.5 and 2.9—4.5), species richness index (2.5—4.9 and 1.2—4.1), and species evenness index (0.51—0.69 and 1.5—2.8). In addition, the relationship between plankton community and physicochemical factors in water was discussed through Pearson correlation analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA). It was found that pH, water temperature (T), transparency (SD) and dissolved oxygen (DO) were the main environmental factors affecting the plankton community structure in the ecological culture ponds of black carp, silver carp and bighead carp. Therefore, in actual production, the composition and quantity of plankton community structure in aquaculture water can be controlled by regulating water quality, so as to improve aquaculture yield. Meanwhile, water quality management should be strengthened in the weather of high temperature and hypoxia.
		2022 Vol. 41 (4): 517-526 [Abstract] ( 308 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1914 KB) ( 218 )

	527	Effects of Different Salinities on Growth and Osmotic Regulation Gene Expression of Gymnocypris przewalskii
		HUANG Shen, LI Changzhong, LI Zixuan, LIU Yanhui, LIU Fang, QI Hongfang, WANG Yang, JIN Wenjie
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21077
		Qinghai Lake is the largest inland brackish lake in China. The salinity adaptation mechanism of Gymnocypris przewalskii, a unique and rare fish species living in it, needs to be clarified urgently. Therefore, the growth performance and osmotic regulation genes of G. przewalskii were investigated after salinity stress by physiological index and qPCR and Na⁺/K⁺/2Cl^- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1), Aquaporin 1 (AQP1), Na⁺/H⁺ exchange 1 (NHE1) and Na⁺/HCO^-₃ exchange 1 (NBC1) genes were detected. The results showed that there were significant differences in the growth indicators of G. przewalskii under different salinities (P<0.05), indicating that the increase in salinity affected the development of G. przewalskii, and that the growth status were negatively correlated with salinity. NKCC1, NBC1, AQP1 and NHE1 genes were expressed in the gills, kidneys and livers under different salinities, showing certain tissues specificity. It was found that that NKCC1, AQP1, NHE1 and NBC1 genes were involved in the regulation of osmotic pressure of G. przewalskii, with varying the expression level with different salinities, tissue and stress time, reflecting that the gill and kidney were the main organ regulating osmotic pressure. The findings provided a theoretical basis for exploring the survival status and salinity adaptation mechanism of G. przewalskii after migration in Qinghai Lake, and a theoretical guidance for the protection and artificial proliferation and release of native fish germplasm resources in the upper reaches of the Yellow River.
		2022 Vol. 41 (4): 527-536 [Abstract] ( 261 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1528 KB) ( 230 )

	537	Water Quality of Interstitial Water in Sea Cucumber Ponds with Three Water Quality Control Methods
		SUN Yahui, ZHANG Jinyuan, WANG Yulong, LI Lezhou, WANG Wenlin, BI Lixian, ZHOU Wei
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21032
		In order to explore the environment of interstitial water at the bottom sediments of the ponds treated with natural condition, microporous aeration and water quality regulator, respectively, the temperature, and concentrations of dissolved oxygen, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, and dissolved inorganic phosphorus were detected and analyzed. It showed that the water temperature in natural ponds, microporous aeration ponds and water quality regulator pond was varied from -2.4 ℃ to 25.8 ℃, -3 ℃ to 26.1 ℃, -2.2 ℃ to 26.1 ℃, respectively; the ranges of dissolved oxygen concentrations in the natural pond, microporous aeration pond and water quality regulator pond were 0.25—18.8 mg/L, 4.51—16.78 mg/L and 5.88—19.72 mg/L, respectively; the ranges of dissolved inorganic nitrogen levels in the natural pond, microporous aeration pond and water quality regulator pond were 0.440—1.347 mg/L, 0.482—1.367 mg/L, and 0.214—1.149 mg/L, respectively; the ranges of dissolved inorganic phosphorus levels in the natural pond, microporous aeration pond and water quality regulator pond were 0.0042—0.0871 mg/L, 0.0071—0.0794 mg/L, and 0.0065—0.0818 mg/L, respectively. It was indicated that the effect of the water quality regulator in optimizing water quality was better than others, with the worst in natural pond.
		2022 Vol. 41 (4): 537-546 [Abstract] ( 146 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1563 KB) ( 115 )

	547	Isolation and Identification of Pathogenetic Vibrio harveyi from Ark Shell Tegillarca granosa
		TENG Shuangshuang, ZHANG Jiongming, ZHANG Libing, XIE Shangshu, WANG Yaohua, XIAO Guoqiang, YANG Qianyuan, FANG Jun
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20235
		In order to study the species and related characteristics of the pathogenic strain J14 which was isolated from the sick ark shell Tegillarca granosa in Zhejiang province, the infection test, morphological observation, physiological and biochemical test, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis were performed. The results showed that the J14 strain was strong pathogenicty as the LC₅₀ of J14 to ark shell was 7.74×10⁶ cells/mL. The strain of J14 was gram negative, and exhibited round, bulged and yellow in thiosulfate-citrate-bile-salts-sucrose agar. Biochemical characteristics showed that the strain belonged to the Vibrio. The sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene revealed that the strain shared high homology with V. harveyi using BLAST from GenBank database and the strain clustered with V. harveyi into one branch in the phylogenetic tree analysis. According to the morphological and physiological-biochemical characteristics, as well as the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain was identified as V. harveyi. The results of virulence gene test showed that the strain carried seven typical virulence genes, including luxR, toxR, vhhA, vhhB, toxS, chiA and serine protease genes. The susceptibility test showed that the strain was not sensitive to penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin and bacitracin, moderately sensitive to erythromycin, polymyxin B, and sensitive to 26 different antibiotics such as gentamicin, kanamycin, and cotrimoxazole. The findings provide a reference with the identification of V. harveyi and the prevention and control of bacterial disease in ark shell.
		2022 Vol. 41 (4): 547-555 [Abstract] ( 201 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1547 KB) ( 295 )

	556	Comparison of Growth Traits between Hybridized Combinations and Self-Fertilize Combinations of Two Species of Scallop
		CHEN Yang, ZHAO Chunnuan, CAI Zhongqiang, WANG Xiaomei, ZHENG Yanxin, YU Tao
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20233
		Four experimental combinations were set up with Yesso scallop Patinopecten yessoensis and Farrer′s scallop Chlamys farreri as materials: P. yessoensis ♀ × C. farreri ♂ (PC), C. farreri ♀× P. yessoensis ♂ (CP), P. yessoensis ♀ × P. yessoensis ♂ (PP) and C. farreri ♀ × C. farreri ♂ (CC). The fertilization rate, hatching rate, growth and survival rate, attachment metamorphosis rate and seedling survival rate were analyzed. The results showed that the fertilization rate and hatching rate of the four combinations were above 97% and 89%, without significant difference among the four combinations. The average daily growth and eye-spot larva size of CP combination were 9.03% and 3.74% higher than that of CC combination, while that of PC combination was 5.02% and 4.32% higher than that of PP combination, respectively. There was no significant difference in the survival rate of larvae among the four combinations; there was no significant difference in the attachment metamorphosis rate among the four combinations, but the seedling survival rate of PC combination in sea was 5.13 percentage points higher than that of PP combination. The growth rate and monthly increment of CP combination were 7.41% and 7.45% higher than those of CC, respectively; the growth rate and monthly increment of PC combination were 17.37% and 17.36% higher than those of PP, respectively. The survival rates of CP and PC were 5.85 and 18.41 percentage points higher than those of CC and PP, respectively. Comprehensive comparison showed that the hybrid combination had certain heterosis in growth and survival compared with self-cross combination, and PC combination had obvious heterosis, was suitable for large-scale industrialization.
		2022 Vol. 41 (4): 556-563 [Abstract] ( 164 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (2013 KB) ( 129 )

	564	Virulence Genes and Antibiotic Resistance Characteristics of Pathogenic Aeromonas veronii Isolated from Loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus
		HAN Yu, PAN Jiwen, WANG Xin, YANG Nuo, GUO Guiying, LI Qian, ZENG Jifeng, ZHENG Jiping
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20180
		In order to understand the virulence gene carrier rate and drug resistance of Aeromonas veronii in Hainan and Guangdong provinces, the kidney, liver, and skin ulcers were collected from 46 samples of loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus from 6 farms in the two regions. The samples were isolated from the bacteria, and 20 strains of A. veronii (7 from Hainan province and 13 from Guangdong province) were screened through morphological, physiological and biochemical identification and gyrA (gyrase A subunit)housekeeping gene sequence analysis, and their virulence genes and drug resistance genes and antibiotic susceptibility were tested. The results showed that the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of the 20 isolated A. veronii were consistent with those reported in the "Handbook of Common Bacteria Identification"; the gyrA housekeeping gene sequence was consistent with that in the GenBank database. The spores had 90%－99% homology. Among the 20 strains of A. veronii, the detection rate of virulence genes such as aerolysin, enterotoxin, and protease was high in which the aerolysin gene and flagellin gene were detected as high as 100%, but the heat-stable enterotoxin gene was not detected; the detection rate of quinolone and sulfonamide drug resistance genes was 100%, while the amide alcohol, macrocyclic lipid and lincomycin drug resistance genes were not detected. The tolerance rate of erythromycin, norfloxacin, ampicillin and lincomycin and trimethoprim was 100%, highly sensitive to five drugs including aztreonam, gentamicin and cefotaxime. The findings provide a reference for the prevention and control of A. veronii in the production of loach M. anguillicaudatus.
		2022 Vol. 41 (4): 564-572 [Abstract] ( 133 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1141 KB) ( 93 )

	573	Fish Composition and Distribution Characteristics of By-Catch of Double-Vessel Bag Seine
		ZHU Haichen, ZHU Wenbin, ZHANG Yazhou, ZHANG Hongliang, JIANG Rijin, LU Zhanhui, CUI Guochen, WEI Qunyi
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20292
		According to the production data of double-vessel bag seine fisheries from April to June, 2019, we analyzed the fish composition and distribution characteristics of by-catch of double-vessel bag seine. The results showed that the double-vessel bag seine along the coast of Zhejiang mainly caught juvenile Cape anchovy Engraulis japonicus, and caught 25 species of by-catch fish belonging to 7 orders and 19 families. The average body weight of blue mackerel Scomber japonicus was 1.38 g, with dominant fork length of 21—50 mm. The average body weight of the marbled rockfish Sebastiscus marmoratus was 0.45 g, with the dominant fork length of 21—30 mm. The average body weight of scaled sardine Sardinella zunasi was 0.52 g, with the dominant fork length of 21—50 mm. The China anchovy Stolephorus chinensis had average body weight of 2.12 g, with the dominant fork length of 61—70 mm. The average body weight of amberfish Decapterus maruadsi was 0.45 g, with the dominant fork length of 10—40 mm. The average body weight of Atlatic cutlassfish Trichiurus lepturus was 0.74 g, with the dominant anal length of 21—50 mm. The average body weight of butterfish Pampus argenteus was 1.84 g, with the dominant fork length of 31—70 mm. By-catch blue macherel, marbled rockfish, scaled sardine, China anchovy, amberfish, Atlatic cutlassfish, and butterfish were general species. The average relative catch densities of S. japonicus, S. zunasi, T. lepturus, S. chinensis and P. argenteus were 2.46×10³ ind./h, 0.80×10³ ind./h, 1.07×10³ ind./h, 1.48×10³ ind./h, and 1.18×10³ ind./h, which were mainly distributed in the coastal waters of southern and central Zhejiang. The average relative catch density of S. marmoratus was 4.54×10³ ind./h, which was mainly distributed in the coastal islands and reefs in southern Zhejiang. The average relative catch density of amberfish was 1.32×10⁴ ind./h, which was mainly distributed in the central and northern waters of Zhejiang Province. The findings can provide reference for improving the management of double-vessel bag seine fishing.
		2022 Vol. 41 (4): 573-580 [Abstract] ( 111 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (2726 KB) ( 282 )

	581	*Effects of Green Alga Chlorella vulgaris* on Microalga Community and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Culture Ponds**
		YAO Dongmei, ZHANG Dajuan, ZHANG Shulin, ZHANG Ying
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20196
		In order to explore the effects of inoculation of green alga Chlorella vulgaris on the community structure of microalgae and its relationship with environmental factors in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei culture ponds, two culture ponds with the same conditions were selected as the control group without inoculation of the green alga and the experimental group with inoculation of the green alga every 10 days, and the changes in physical and chemical factors and microalgae community structure in each treatment group were monitored regularly. The results showed that a total of 36 genera (5 phyla) of microalgae were identified in the control group, and 38 genera (species) in 5 phyla were identified in the experimental group. The number of Chlorophyta species in the two ponds accounted for more than 60% of the total species. Compared with the control group, the average density of Cyanophyta was decreased by 76.32% and that of Chlorella increased by 70.32%. The analysis of community structure revealed that the structure of microalgae in the experimental group changed stably with better continuity, and the contribution rate of Microcystis aeruginosa was decreased significantly, while that of the alga was increased significantly. Based on the redundancy analysis of microalgae density and temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, transparency, redox potential and other environmental physical and chemical factors, it was found that temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen had significant effects on phytoplankton density (P<0.01), while the other two environmental factors had poor effects on phytoplankton density. Compared with the control group, the average contents of nitrite and ammonia nitrogen in the test group were decreased by 47.27% and 44.26%, respectively. Therefore, the finding suggests that the C. vulgaris inoculation frequency be 10 days, and the inoculation be at 8:00.
		2022 Vol. 41 (4): 581-588 [Abstract] ( 127 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1342 KB) ( 147 )

	589	*Analysis of Microbial Community Structure of Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus* Intestine and Culture Water**
		XIONG Xiangying, ZHAO Yanfei, WANG Zhicheng
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20175
		In order to study the structure of intestinal microflora of healthy channel catfish and its relationship with pond culture water, the composition and diversity of microbial communities were comparatively investigated in the intestinal tract and culture water by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis method. The results showed that the abundance and diversity of intestinal flora of channel catfish were lower than those of culture water through diversity index analysis. 69.57% of OTUs in channel catfish was consistent with that in water. However, the dominant microorganisms in the water were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria, while the dominant microfloras in the intestinal tract were Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria and Firmicutes. There was no significant correlation between the composition and abundance of the dominant microflora in the intestinal tract and the culture water. The composition of the intestinal microflora had certain independence, and its dominant bacterial species were almost independent of the aquaculture environment. PICRUSt prediction of the bacterial phenotype revealed that anaerobes and Gram-positive bacteria were the main bacteria in the intestinal tract of channel catfish. The biofilm formation and pathogenicity potential phenotype showed that there were a large number of opportunistic pathogens in the intestinal tract and water. In this study, the average relative abundances of Cetobacterium and Bacteroides in intestinal flora of channel catfish were 36.60% and 15.82%, indicating that the dominant probiotics in intestinal microorganism of channel catfish were mainly Cetobacterium and Bacteroides. The finding provides theoretical basis for healthy breeding of channel catfish and screening of probiotics.
		2022 Vol. 41 (4): 589-596 [Abstract] ( 128 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (2758 KB) ( 183 )

	597	Effects of Compound Probiotics on Intestinal Microflora of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
		HAO Shuang, ZHANG Zhenguo, YOU Hongzheng, MA Lin, TANG Hongxia, LIU Xiaolian, XU Xiaoli, GU Dexian, LUO Zhang
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20268
		In order to analyze the effect of compound probiotics (Bacillus subtilis and Lactococcus lactis) on the community structure of intestinal microflora and disease resistance of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, Pacific white shrimp were fed diet containing probiotics. The intestinal microflora of Pacific white shrimp were determined by high-throughput sequencing method, and the cumulative mortality was measured after the shrimp was infected artificially by Vibrio parahaemolyticus within 14 days. The results showed that the range of OTU was 393—872, and that the number of OTU, observed species index, Chao1 index and Shannon index in intestinal tract of shrimp were relatively high in test group at the 28th and the 56th days. At the level of phylum classification, there were high proportion of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria in the intestinal microflora of Pacific white shrimp in the test group and control gruop. Compared to the control group, the proportion of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes was increased in the test group at the 56th day. At the level of genus classification, compared to the control group, the proportion of Ruegeria was increased, whereas the proportion of Vibrio, Pseudoalteromonas, and Tenacibaculum was decreased in the test group; PCoA analysis and UPGMA analysis showed that the microbial communities in control group on the 28th and the 56th days were similar, but significantly different from those in the test group on the 28th day. The cumulative mortalities of the test group and control group were (64.4±11.7)% and (81.1±5.1)% under the challenge of V. parahaemolyticus, and the survival rate of shrimp was increased by 16.7% in the compound probiotics. In conclusion, feeding compound probioties could magnify the abundance of intestinal microflora of Pacific white shrimp, inhibit the growth of opportunistic pathogen, and improve intestinal bacterial group composition of the shimp, and the ability of shrimp to resist to V. parahaemolyticus infection. After 28 days of stopping feeding the compound probiotics, there was still continous effect on the intestinal microflora. The finding provides useful reference for the application of compound probiotics in actual culture.
		2022 Vol. 41 (4): 597-604 [Abstract] ( 141 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (2056 KB) ( 199 )

	605	Establishment and Application of Multiplex PCR Assay for Detection of Three Major Freshwater Pathogens
		HU Zongyun, YANG Peimin, YAN Youli
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20244
		A multiplex PCR detection system was developed for three major freshwater pathogens, Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda and Bacillus cereus, from Liaoning province. hly A, ese D and nhe A were selected for the multiplex PCR. The reaction condition was optimized and the specificity and sensitivity were tested for this method. The results showed that all target fragments were amplified clearly when the concentration of all primer pairs was 0.4 μmol/L, and the concentrations of genomic DNA of A. hydrophila, E. tarda and B. cereus were 2.5, 2.5 and 2.5 ng/μL, as well as dNTP and polymerase were added 2.5 μL and 0.3 μL, respectively, with the annealing temperature of 55 ℃. The sensitivity test showed that the multiplex PCR had a high sensitivity with the detection limit of 4.8 ng for A. hydrophila, 3.0 ng for E. tarda and 2.6 ng for B. cereus. The coincidence rate of the multiplex PCR method and 16S r DNA identification method for suspicious clinical samples was 100%. The established multiplex PCR method was specific, sensitive and rapid to simultaneously detect the three pathogens from freshwater fishes.
		2022 Vol. 41 (4): 605-613 [Abstract] ( 146 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (2291 KB) ( 126 )

	614	Application of DNA Barcoding in Analyzing Food Composition of Jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum
		LI Yulong, BAO Xiangbo, GAO Xianggang, DUAN Yan, WANG Bin, DONG Jing, LI Yunfeng
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20177
		Feeding analysis of edible jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum is helpful to understand its food sources and functional role. Comprehensively and accurately obtaining the information on food species is critical for this endeavor.However, information about the feeding types and food structures of jellyfish remains obscure because of the limitations of traditional methods. Unrestricted to the morphology of prey, DNA barcoding based method could get more accurate results efficiently. DNA Barcoding is not only used in initially proposed simple species identification, but also in studies of animal diets, food chain, and food web by using short DNA fragments extracted from feces and intestinal contents of animals.In this study, DNA barcoding method was used to analyze the diet of jellyfish in Liaodong Bay coastal waters to make more comprehensive analysis towards its diet compositions. COⅠ gene and ITS-5.8S rDNA were used as the target gene, and universal primers were designed to identify food composition of the jellyfish by DNA barcoding. A total of 36 effective COⅠ gene sequences were obtained and 4 species were identified, while 10 species from 30 effective ITS-5.8S rDNA sequences were identified by traditional sequencing. The results showed that using DNA barcoding identified some potentially food compositions species of the jellyfish, such as fish eggs/larvae, and planktonic larvae of shellfish. Howerer, those main preys of plankton were not found in traditional Sanger Sequencing on the dietary analysis of the jellyfish yet, which means the deficiency of Sanger Sequencing in analyzing food composition research. The finding provides reference for further study of jellyfish feeding.
		2022 Vol. 41 (4): 614-621 [Abstract] ( 108 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1137 KB) ( 147 )

	622	*Growth Characteristics of Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides* Cultured in Land-Based Container with Recycling Water**
		JIA Songpeng, WANG Lei, XU Shuangyang, WANG Haoran, CHENG Tao, WANG Yong, LIANG Zhongjun, SHANG Qinlei, QIAO Zhigang, LI Xuejun
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20269
		This article explored the growth characteristics of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides in aquaculture system using land-based container with recycling water from May 1, 2020 for 180 days, and 30 fish were randomly collected from each container on the 30th, 60th, 90th, 120th, 150th and 180th days of the experiment. The fish was fed a special puffed compound feed at water temperature varying from 14.3 to 30.8 ℃, ammonia nitrogen level from 0 to 0.077 mg/L, nitrite nitrogen level from 0 to 0.089 mg/L, pH from 7.2 to 8.6, and dissolved oxygen level from 5.12 to 8.25 mg/L. The largemouth bass had initial average body weight of 31.75 g, the initial average body length of 12.15 cm, and the breeding density of 50 tail/m³. At the end of the experiment, the largemouth bass had average body weight of 369.15 g, the average body length of 24.24 cm, the average specific growth rate of body weight of 0.41%/d, the average body length specific growth rate of 0.11%/d, and the average daily growth of body length of 0.072 cm. The power function relationship between body weight (m) and body length (L) was described as m=0.0054L^3.5153 (r² =0.9928), with the b of 3.5153. The findings showed that the largemouth bass grew normally under the aquaculture system using land-based container with recycling water, which provides a reference for largemouth bass aquaculture system using land-based container with recycling water.
		2022 Vol. 41 (4): 622-628 [Abstract] ( 166 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (2842 KB) ( 149 )

	629	Growth Characteristics of Juvenile Wolf Eel Anarrhichthys ocellatu
		LIU Yuyan, LI Fenghui, ZHU Wenjing, BIAN Li, GE Jianlong, LIU Changlin, QU Jiangbo, GAO Wenlei, CHEN Siqing
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20186
		The growth characteristics of juvenile wolf eel Anarrhichthys ocellatu were observed and researched under the sea water temperature of 10.0—16.0 ℃. Related growth data were measured and analyzed. The results showed that the average initial body weight and average body length of the newly hatchings were increased from (0.05±0.01) g and (4.30±0.01) cm to (500.35±44.47) g and (72.65±6.32) cm after 11 months of growth. There was quadratic function between body weight (m) and age (t)(month):m=5.7228t²-21.545t+13.863,r²=0.9868,with the average daily weight gain of 1.52 g and instantaneous weight growing rate of 2.79. There was linear relationship between the total length (L) and age:L=6.3452t-1.4895,r²=0.9824,with average daily total length gain of 0.21 cm, and instantaneous total length growing rate of 0.86. The regression curve between body weight and length was m=0.0033L^2.8258,r²=0.9705, with the power of 2.8258, less than 3, indicating that the growth rate of body weight and length was not consistent, with a negative allometric growth stage. The body length had an inflection point at the age of 7.6 months,and the weight did not appear. The coefficient variation of body weight and length was changed from 1.79 to 11.80 and 0.15 to 8.95,the fish population showed a change in the growth dispersion intensification-weakening. Condition factor was changed from 0.06 to 0.30 in different months,and the change in condition factor was firstly increased and then decreased. The 11 month old fish had average body weight of 500 g under the sea water temperature of 10.0—16.0 ℃, and the wolf eel grow rapidly at low temperature, can farm at high density with promising development prospects.
		2022 Vol. 41 (4): 629-635 [Abstract] ( 169 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1201 KB) ( 728 )

	636	*Spatial and Temporal Variations of Potential Habitats of Jumbo Flying Squid Dosidicus gigas* off Peru under Increasing Sea Surface Temperature**
		LIU Shan, ZHANG Zijian, WU Jiayi, YU Wei
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20056
		Jumbo flying squid Dosidicus gigas is widely distributed in the southeast Pacific Ocean off Peru, and has highly ecological and economical importance. At present, jumbo flying squid has been largely exploited by international squid-jigging fishing vessels. Jumbo flying squid has only one- or two-year lifespan, and both its abundance and spatial distribution are closely related to large-scale climatic and regional environmental conditions at different spatio-temporal scales. Understanding of the relationship between the jumbo flying squid stock and climate variability is very important for better fisheries management and accurate fishing forecasts. It will help fishermen to effectively look for productive fishing grounds, increase the catch and improve the economic values. Based on the fishery data obtained from the Chinese squid-jigging fishery, combined with the critical environmental factor (sea surface temperature, SST), variations in the habitat suitability of D. gigas off Peru were evaluated, and further assessment of the impacts of ocean waming-induced SST increases on spatio-temporal distribution of potential habitats were investigated under the SST in recent years (2011—2015) and with 0.5 ℃, 1.0 ℃, 2.0 ℃ and 4.0 ℃ increases. The results showed that the habitat suitability index model accurately predicted the spatial and temporal habitat of jumbo flying squid. With the SST increase, the areas of suitable (HSI≥0.6) and the most favorable habitats (HSI≥0.8) for jumbo flying squid showed a decreasing trend from September to December. The longitudinal and latitudinal gravity centers of habitat moved to eastward and southward, respectively. Under the scenarios of SST increasing from 0.5 ℃ to 4.0 ℃, the averaged habitat suitability index value became higher in the eastward and southward direction. The findings indicated that, with the SST off Peru increase by 0.5 ℃, 1.0 ℃, 2.0 ℃ and 4.0 ℃, the favorable habitat of jumbo flying squid became a decrease tendency and moved into east-southward regions. The exploitation of fishing ground of jumbo flying squid off Peru should consider the impacts of ocean warming-induced SST increase.
		2022 Vol. 41 (4): 636-644 [Abstract] ( 148 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (6736 KB) ( 172 )

	645	Microalgal Size Gradation of Food in Liaodong Bay
		LIU Suxuan, SONG Lun, HU Chaokui, WANG Kun, LIU Yin, ZHANG Mingliang, DONG Shaojie
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20217
		The feeding power of microalgae food in Liaodong Bay was studied by high-throughput sequencing-molecular identification and grading technique. The results showed that small-sized microalgae dominated Liaodong Bay in four seasons, with the dominant species of Aureococcus anophagefferens, Microcystis pusilla, Nannochloris sp. and Botrytis sp.. In spring, summer, autumn and winter, the biomass of microalgae of small size was as high as (51±14)%, (43±14)%, (49±6)% and (42±4)%, the biomass of medium size was (29±7)%, (34±15)%, (24±5)% and (42±4)%, and the biomass of large size was (21±10)%, (23±13)%, (27±3)% and (17±4)%, respectively. The feeding power of microalgae in Liaodong Bay was mainly contributed by spring and summer. The areas with higher feeding power in spring were mainly distributed in the upper and middle of Liaodong Bay, while in summer they were mainly distributed in the southeast and west waters of Liaodong Bay. The actual carrying capacity of shellfish in Liaodong Bay was 155 g/m² in spring, 203 g/m² in summer, 48 g/m² in autumn and 33 g/m² in winter. The finding can provide technical guidance for scientific culture and multiplication of filter-feeding shellfish.
		2022 Vol. 41 (4): 645-651 [Abstract] ( 119 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (3400 KB) ( 133 )

	652	Population Fecundity and First Maturity of Yalu River Sleeper Odontobutis yaluensis
		DUAN Youjian, LUO Xiaonian, LI Wenkang, HAN Muxuan, WU Chen, TONG Ke
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21018
		In order to understand the population fecundity and first maturity, the fecundity of Yalu River sleeper Odontobutis yaluensis population and the relationship between its biological index in eastern Liaoning were studied. The biological problems of population reproduction and first sexual maturity of 1—4 years old Yalu River sleeper were investigated in 319 samples including sexually mature sample (118 females and 42 males) collected from the tributaries of the Yalu River (Dayang River, Ai River and Pushi River), and the upper reaches of Taizi River and Biliu River in August and October 2018, January 2019 and October 2020, by ground traps with mesh of 1.5 cm and electric fish machine to provide basic biology information for conservation and development of Yalu River sleeper stock. The L_50% results showed that the Yalu River sleeper at first maturity had body length of 64.9 mm in female, and body length of 96.1 mm in male, with the corresponding first maturity ages of 1.1 years and 2.2 years, respectively. The weight analysis indicated that the Yalu river sleeper population had average absolute fecundity of (1200.25±942.12) eggs, and the average relative fecundity of (40.06±11.92) eggs/g, with positively correlation between absolute fecundity with body length and body weight, without significant correlation with age. In conclusion, Yalu River sleeper is a fish with low fecundity and early first maturity.
		2022 Vol. 41 (4): 652-657 [Abstract] ( 153 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1429 KB) ( 136 )

	658	Effects of Different Algae on Growth and Flavor Amino Acids of Ridgetail White Prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda
		ZHAO Zhenhui, LYU Meiqi, CUI Liwei, PANG Zhiyu, ZHANG Qingqi, GAO Huan, YAN Binlun
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20232
		In order to explore the effects of different kinds of micro-algae on the growth, survival and the flavor amino acids in the body of ridgetail white prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda after feeding, ridgetail white prawn with body weight of (0.90±0.13) g and body length of (4.43±0.47) cm were reared in a 55 cm × 40 cm × 30 cm tank. Then Chlorella (marine) (group A), Nannochloropsis oculata (group B) or Nitzschia closterium minutissima (group C) were added. The algae density was maintained at a concentration of 10⁶ cell/mL, and the control group without algae liquid. At the end of the experiment, the survival rate (SR), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) and flavor amino acids content in muscle were calculated. The results of 4-week feeding showed that there was the minimal survival rate of (13.33±3.82)% in Chlorella (marine) group, and the maximal, survival rate (65.00±11.46)% in N. oculata group higher than that in the control group (40.00±6.61)%. The prawn in Chlorella (marine) group had the highest weight increase rate (46.35±8.06)%, and specific growth rate (1.81±0.27)%. The weight increasing rate and specific growth rate in N. oculata group were (29.26±2.33)% and (1.22±0.09)% higher than those in control group, without significant difference (P>0.05); the weight increasing rate in N. closterium minutissima group was (6.10±2.81)% lower than that in control group (24.50±9.70)% (P<0.05). The contents of total ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in C. vulgaris (marine) group were found to be lower than those in other groups, and the water quality was relatively good, indicating that Chlorella (marine) had a good regulating effect on the water quality of ridgetail white prawn. It was found that N. closterium minutissima environment was not conducive to the growth of ridgetail white prawn, Chlorella (marine) and N. oculata environment promoted the growth of ridgetail white prawn. The total amount of flavor amino acids was (30.84±0.12)% in Chlorella (marine) group, (28.65±0.44)% in N. oculata group, and (29.15±0.70)% in N. closterium minutissima group, significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The finding provides reference and helps for further improvement of the muscle quality and economic benefits of prawn culture.
		2022 Vol. 41 (4): 658-663 [Abstract] ( 178 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1064 KB) ( 114 )

	664	Effect of Nitrite Nitrogen on Infection of Parasite Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei in Ridgetail White Prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda
		HU Jihui, DUAN Jiancheng, GAO Yang, CHEN Shuhan, ZHANG Qingqi, MU Hua, LAI Xiaofang, GAO Huan
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20216
		Nitrite nitrogen is one of the important factors to induce the outbreak disease of shrimp. In order to investigate the effects of nitrite stress on the growth status and the carrying capacity of parasite Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei in ridgetail white prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda, five experimental groups with different nitrite nitrogen concentrations (0.008, 3.000, 6.000, 9.000 and 12.000 mg/L) were set up to determine the changes in growth indices and EHP load of ridgetail white prawn in three weeks. The results showed that the survival rate, body length and body weight gain rate of ridgetail white prawn were increased first and then decreased with the increase in nitrite nitrogen concentration. The maximum value was reached in nitrite nitrogen 6.000 mg/L group. The increment of average survival rate, body length and body weight gain rate were 29%, 0.8 cm and 35.33%, respectively. With the increase in nitrite nitrogen concentration, the EHP load of ridgetail white prawn was decreased first and then increased, and reached the lowest value in 6.000 mg/L group, which was 4.4×10³ copies/mg. It was found that 6.000 mg/L nitrite nitrogen led to inhibit the transmission of EHP and to promote the growth of ridgetail white prawn. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of nitrite nitrogen on the transmission rate of EHP, and help to control the concentration of nitrite reasonably in order to inhibit the spread of EHP, so as to improve the survival rate and breeding yield of ridgetail white prawn infected with Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei.
		2022 Vol. 41 (4): 664-669 [Abstract] ( 132 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1093 KB) ( 95 )

	670	Preparation and Application of Immunoglobulin Monoclonal Antibody from Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides
		ZHANG Chengsai, YIN Wenlin, LI Ming, CAO Zheng, LIN Lingyun, PAN Xiaoyi, SHEN Jinyu, WANG Chunfeng, YAO Jiayun, YANG Guilian
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20238
		Serum immunoglobulin from largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides was purified by saturated ammonium sulfate and followed by affinity column chromatography extraction, then BALB/c mice were immunized with purified immunoglobulin, and the immunized spleen cells were fused with Sp2/0 mouse myeloma cells by using hybridoma-monoclonal antibody technology. Antibody titer, sensitivity and specificity of monoclonal antibodies were further determined by ELISA method. The formaldehyde-inactivated largemouth bass Largemouth bass ranavirus (LMBV) vaccine was prepared to immunize largemouth bass, and the antibody level after immunization was detected by the prepared monoclonal antibody. Two monoclonal antibody hybridoma cell line named A9E7and C9B9 were obtained, and ascites antibody titer of A9E7and C9B9 were reached up to 1∶2.187×10⁶ and 1∶7.29×10⁵, respectively. The measuring sensitivity of the A9E7 to purified IgM was as low as 10 ng, and the corresponding sensitivity of C9B9 was 20 ng. The results of cross reaction showed that both A9E7 and C9B9 binded specifically to the immunoglobulin of largemouth bass, A9E7 binded to the serum immunoglobulin of sea perch Lateolabrax maculatus, and C9B9 binded to mandarinfish Siniperca chuatsi. However, no cross reaction was found with grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus, crucian carp Carrassius auratus, loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, bluntnose black bream Megalobrama amblycephala, Acrossocheilus fasciatus, yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, topmouth culter Culter alburnus, ricefield Monopterus albus, silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis. After immunizing the LMBV, the antibody level in largemouth bass was increased significantly with peak at 35 d, and with antibody titer of 1∶1280. Monoclonal antibody against immunoglobulin of largemouth bass was prepared with strong specificity and high sensitivity, which can be used for early disease monitoring, immune response regularity and vaccine development of largemouth bass.
		2022 Vol. 41 (4): 670-675 [Abstract] ( 130 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1268 KB) ( 102 )

	676	Effects of Acute Salinity Stress on Osmoregulation of Juvenile American Shad Alosa sapidissima
		GUO Yin, DAI Xilin
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21013
		By studying the effects of acute salinity stress on serum osmotic pressure, Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and catalase activities of juvenile American shad Alosa sapidissima were investigated to provide a theoretical basis for controlling the appropriate salinity in American shad culture. The culture experiment was carried out at fresh water and a salinity of 5, 10 and 20 for 96 h, and the changes in serum osmotic pressure, gill Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity and liver catalase activity were measured in each group by stages. The serum osmotic pressure of juvenile fish showed a significant increase and then decreased and finally gradually stabilized with time in the experimental groups, significantly lower in salinity 5 group than that in salinity 10 and salinity 20 groups (P<0.05). During the experiment, Na⁺/K⁺-ATP enzyme activity was decreased significantly and then increased in each group. At 96 h, Na⁺/K⁺-ATP enzyme activity was decreased in salinity 20 group, significantly lower than that in salinity 5 and 10 groups (P<0.05). The greater the salinity difference, the longer the upward trend of enzyme activity took. The catalase activity was increased to the peak at 48 h and then decreased in salinity 5 and 10 sroups, the catalase activity of salinity 20 treatment did not increase during the experiment, significantly lower than that in other groups at 48 h (P<0.05). The greater salinity changed, the more easily catalase activity was inhibited. The findings indicated that juvenile American shad had strong osmotic adjustment ability under acute salinity stress at salinity of 5 and 10.
		2022 Vol. 41 (4): 676-681 [Abstract] ( 130 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1177 KB) ( 168 )

Overview and Specific Topic

	682	A Review: Nutrition, Taste and Functional Components in Oysters
		LI Xudong, PENG Jixing, WU Haiyan, ZHENG Guanchao, GUO Mengmeng, ZHAO Xinnan, FENG Zhihua, TAN Zhijun
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20245

		2022 Vol. 41 (4): 682-694 [Abstract] ( 226 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1386 KB) ( 188 )

	695	A Review: Advances on Methods and Applications of Mortality Coefficient Estimation
		ZHAO Changhao, HUA Chuanxiang, ZHU Qingcheng, SHI Yongchuang, WANG Jintao, LI Fei
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21007

		2022 Vol. 41 (4): 695-705 [Abstract] ( 191 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1301 KB) ( 293 )

	706	Research Progress on Prevention and Control Technology of White Spot Syndrome in Cultured Prawn: a Review
		XIE Xi, WANG Qingzhi
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20272

		2022 Vol. 41 (4): 706-714 [Abstract] ( 193 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1960 KB) ( 552 )