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  • 月刊，1984年创刊
    主 管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
    主 办：包头医学院
    主 编：赵云山
    特邀主编：高长青
    编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
    国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
    国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
    邮发代号：16-292
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2023 Vol. 42, No. 1
Published: 2023-01-25
Research and Application
Overview and SpecificTopiC
 
       Research and Application
1 Diet Composition and Feeding Habits of Female Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis in the Yangtze River Estuary Based on High-Throughput Sequencing
XU Jingjing, FENG Guangpeng, ZHANG Tao, GENG Zhi, YANG Gang, SONG Chao, LI Chunbo
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20164
In order to explore the feeding habits of female Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis in the Yangtze River before and after spawning, female Chinese mitten crab was collected during reproductive migration in the east beach of the Yangtze River Estuary by single boat single capsule truss bottom trawl, and the food species composition and feeding characteristics were studied before and after spawning by high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the high-quality sequences of 37 samples were varied between 53 288 and 90 598. Through cluster analysis of 423 OTU, the type of live food including algae, higher plants, Piscium, Crustacea, Granulifusus kiranus, rotifer, protozoa were found after screening valid sequences. The main foods were higher plants, Crustacean and Piscium of female crab before spawning, and the main foods were higher plants and algae for female crab after spawning, the abundance index of Chao1 and ACE was significantly higher before spawning than after spawning. The results revealed that the female Chinese mitten crab had a wider feeding width and belonged to opportunistic feeders, with certain differences in the feeding habits of the female Chinese mitten crab before and after spawning. The finding provides a scientific basis for habitat restoration and resource proliferation and protection of Chinese mitten crab in the Yangtze River Estuary. In addition, high-throughput sequencing analysis methods need to be combined with traditional stomach content analysis methods to more accurately and comprehensively analyze food characteristics.
2023 Vol. 42 (1): 1-10 [Abstract] ( 270 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3494 KB)  ( 286 )
11 Acute Toxicity and Teratogenic Effects of Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid on Zebrafish Danio rerio Embryos
LIU Xiaonan, WU Hao, ZHENG Lili, XU Jia, GAO Xuezhong, GAO Feifei, JIANG Min
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21042
Persistent organic pollutant perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is regarded as a kind of newly found persistent organic pollutants due to its risk to the environment and public health. In order to verify the toxic effect of PFOS on fish embryos, the acute toxicity and teratogenicity of different concentrations of PFOS on zebrafish Danio rerio embryos was studied by static bioassay test. The results showed that PFOS was highly toxic to zebrafish embryos. The 24 h-LC50, 48 h-LC50, 72 h-LC50 and 96 h-LC50 of PFOS were 7.81 μg/mL, 6.58 μg/mL, 3.44 μg/mL and 2.67 μg/mL, respectively, with safe concentration of 0.27 μg/mL. The hatching rate of zebrafish embryos was decreased in accordance with the increasing concentration of PFOS, while the mortality and heart beating rate were increased on the contrary. Under the PFOS stress, zebrafish embryos showed different abnormality in different stages of development. In the blastula stage (2.7—6.0 h), egg coagulation and less obvious yolk cell bulge were observed. At gastrula stage (6.6—10.6 h), following phenomena were found including yolk bulges outward, gastrointestinal protruding outwards and egg coagulation. Tail malformation and yolk sac abnormality of embryos occurred during segmentation period (12.1—23.8 h). During the pharyngeal period (23.8—52.1 h), the embryos also showed abnormalities such as the myocardial enlargement, unstable heart beating rate, slowed posterior venous blood flow, curvature of spine and tail, and reduction in pigmentation. During the hatching period (54—80 h), the larvae showed obvious tail, atrophy and zigzag, with reduced pigment deposition, spinal curvature, and pericardial cavity swelling. When the concentration of PFOS was 1.00—1.58 μg/mL, its teratogenic effect was relatively weak. When the PFOS concentration was 2.51—10.00 μg/mL, PFOS induced obvious abnormal phenomenon during the embryo development. The findings may provide the reference to toxicological mechanisms of PFOS to fish embryos.
2023 Vol. 42 (1): 11-20 [Abstract] ( 194 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (5290 KB)  ( 197 )
21 Polymorphism Analysis of Mitochondria Cyt b Gene Sequences in Wild Population of LiBo Spot Mandarin Fish Siniperca scherzeri
MA Zhifang, YU Ke, AN Miao, HUANG Sheng, PAN Qiuzhi, LI Shan, HE Xiaokuan
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21021
In order to understand the status of germplasm resources and the level of genetic variation of wild population of LiBo spot mandarin fish Siniperca scherzeri, the cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene marker was selected for the genetic diversity analysis. The completed mt DNA Cytb gene sequence(1141 bp) of wild spot mandarin fish in Zhangjiang Libo County, Guizhou Province, was obtained by PCR amplification and sequence analysis. The amplification showed that the average contents of A,T,G and C were 24.4%, 27.2%, 15.5% and 32.9%, respectively, a little higher average content of A+T(51.6%) than that of G+C (48.4%). Seventeen variation sites were detected, in these variation sites where eight were parsimony informative sites and nine were singleton variable sites. Fifteen haplotypes were identified in 75 individuals of the population, with the average genetic distance of 0.003 among Cyt b haplotypes, and the phylogenetic tree revealed that fifteen Cyt b haplotypes were clustered into one clade, with haplotype diversity of 0.613±0.064 and nucleotide diversity of 0.00172±0.00021, and the average number of nucleotide differences being 1.986. The Tajima's D value of neutrality test was －1.37917, without significant difference (P＞0.10). These findings indicated that the wild population of LiBo spot mandarin fish had low genetic diversity, as high haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity. The population demographic analyses revealed that the wild population of LiBo spot mandarin fish had a stable population without experiencing population expansion, with the closest evolutionary relationship with the spot mandarin fish from Yangtze River (Lushui and Dongting)according to a phylogenetic study. The finding provides reference for the protection and utilization of its germplasm resources.
2023 Vol. 42 (1): 21-29 [Abstract] ( 138 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3648 KB)  ( 154 )
30 Establishment of Cell Line of Schizothorax eurystomus Caudal Fin and Effect of Salinity and Alkalinity on Its Proliferation
DAI Jincai, LI li, LI Xuetao, WEI Jie, NIE Zhulan
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21073
Schizostomus eurystomus is a unique species in the Tarim River system. Due to the disturbance of human activities, the change of ecological environment, and the influence of its own factors, the population of S. eurystomus has decreased sharply. The establishment of caudal fin cell lines has not been reported so far. In this study, caudal fin tissues were cultured in vitro of DME/F12 medium containing fetal bovine serum (FBS) by tissue mass method and trypsin digestion method, respectively. The caudal fin cell line was preliminarily established and the caudal fin cells were subcultured for 45 generations. The cell culture method was suspension culture, and the optimal culture medium was DME/F12. The optimal concentration of FBS was 20%. The optimum temperature was 25 ℃. Under the optimal conditions, the population doubling time of the 10th generation cells was determined. The population doubling time of S. eurystomus caudal fin cell line was 24.94 h, and the cells showed an “S” type growth. The 6th generation cells were recovered after being cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen for 180 days. By trypan blue staining, (88.72±0.99)% of S. eurystomus caudal fin cell line cells were active. S. eurystomus caudal fin cell line proliferated quickly after resuscitation and was passed normally. The sequencing results of mitochondrial 16S rRNA of the 10th generation cells were consistent with the GenBank gene sequence, and the consistency rate of S. eurystomus caudal fin cell line and NC036933.1 was 99.91%. At the molecular level, the S. eurystomus caudal fin cell line cell line was confirmed to be from S.eurystomus. NaCl salinity of 8‰ led to increase in the proliferation of S. eurystomus caudal fin cell line. The alkalinity of NaHCO3 led to increase in the proliferation of S. eurystomus caudal fin cell line at the maximal rate at NaHCO3 alkalinity of 7 g/L. The proliferation of S. eurystomus caudal fin cell line was increased first and then decreased with the increase in salinity.
2023 Vol. 42 (1): 30-38 [Abstract] ( 125 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (5759 KB)  ( 208 )
39 Effects of Maggot Protein Mixture on Non-Specific Immune Function of American Eel Anguilla rostrata
CHEN Jie, CHEN Ziting, ZHAO Tian, WANG Fanghai, LI Guanghong
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21030
Maggot is not only a high quality feed protein, but also a new immune enhancer. To evaluate the effect of maggot protein mixture on the non-specific immunity of American eel Anguilla rostrata, seven hundred and fifty American eels with average initial body weight of (95.0±5.0) g were randomly divided into five groups with three replicates per group and 50 fish per replicate, were reared at water temperature of 25—28 ℃ and fed basal diet supplemented with 0 (control group), 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% (converted from housefly maggot protein mixture) of maggot protein, respectively. After 60 d rearing, the activities of lysozyme, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, superoxide dismutase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxaloaletic transaminase and contents of complement 3 and 4 were measured in serum of American eel, and the mortality also tested after American eels were infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. The results showed that the contents of complements 3 and 4 in serum were significantly increased with the increase maggot protein mixture in diets (P<0.05). The highest levels of contents for complements 3 and 4 were found in the 15% and 20% maggot protein added groups, respectively. The activities of the serum lysozyme, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and superoxide dismutase were increased first and then decreased with increasing maggot protein mixture supplementation, and significantly higher than those in the control group except the activity of alkaline phosphatase for the 5% maggot protein added group (P<0.05). The highest activities of lysozyme, acid phosphatase and superoxide dismutase were all exhibited in the 15% maggot protein added group. The activity of alkaline phosphatase reached the highest level in fish fed diet containing 10% maggot protein. Although the activity of the serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase increased initially and then decreased with increasing maggot protein mixture supplementation, no significant difference was observed when supplementing maggot protein ratio was lower 20% (P＞0.05). The activity of the serum glutamic-oxaloaletic transaminase was gradually decreased with the increase in supplementing maggot protein mixture, significant decrease compared to the control group when supplementing maggot protein mixture ratio was higher 15% (P<0.05). The challenge test revealed that there was significantly lower accumulated mortality and higher relative immune protective rate for American eel in the 15% maggot protein added group than that in control group. The findings indicated that dietary supplementation of maggot protein mixture elevated the non-specific immunity and disease resistance of American eel. It is suggested that supplementation with 15% maggot protein in diet is optimal for American eel.
2023 Vol. 42 (1): 39-47 [Abstract] ( 116 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1021 KB)  ( 276 )
48 Cloning and Expression Profile of Clock Gene cDNA in Schizothorax o'connori
ZHOU Jianshe, TASHI Lhamo, WANG Wanliang, SUN Shuaijie, ZHANG Chi
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21022
Schizothorax o'connori is widely distributed in the Brahmaputra River and spawns from March to May, showing obvious seasonal breeding behavior. The Clock gene was considered as a potential target gene for natural selection to shape the daily rhythm and to be related to life history characteristics such as animal reproduction. The variation in the length of C-terminal Poly-Q of Clock protein of S. o'connori may be involved in the onset of oviposition. In order to establish the foundation for understanding of the important role of Clock gene of Schizothorax in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in seasonal breeding behavior, the complete cDNA sequence of Clock gene in S. o'connori were cloned by RT-PCR and RACE-PCR, and the expression profile were detected in liver, spleen, heart, brain, gonad and muscle of both male and female. The results showed that the complete cDNA sequence of Clock gene was 4291 bp (GenBank: MT774361),5'UTR was 539 bp, 3'UTR was 1046 bp, CDS was 2706 bp, and encoded 901 amino acid, with typical Poly-Q structure in the protein sequence. The expression profile of Clock gene was existed in all detected tissue of S. o'connori, with the maximum in gonad and the minimum in spleen. The expression profile of all detected tissue revealed a trend that higher expression profile in female than that in male, except heart. The high expression profile of Clock gene in both female and male gonad illustrated that more active important role in reproduction process of S. o'connori, and the insertion of large fragments of Clock protein may also be specialized to accommodate certain conditions at high altitudes.
2023 Vol. 42 (1): 48-56 [Abstract] ( 125 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4391 KB)  ( 222 )
57 Estimation of Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) Model Parameters for Mud Cockle Tegillarca granosa
JIANG Bo, HE Jing, ZHENG Xiafei, HE Lin, LIN Zhihua
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21091
In this paper, six key parameters for the dynamic energy budget (DEB) model were obtained in mud cockle Tegillarca granosa with shell length of 1.848—3.902 cm and soft part of 0.755—1.466 g in a laboratory, including shape coefficient (δm) estimated by a method of line regression of shell length and soft tissue wet weight of mud cockle, and Arrhenius temperature (TA) estimated by a method of measuring the dry weight oxygen consumption rate of mud cockle at watert temperature of 10 ℃, 15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃, 30 ℃, and 35 ℃. The another key parameters, such as volume-specific costs for growth ([EG]), volume-specific maintenance costs per unit of time ([P·M]), maximum storage density ([EM]) and reserve energy μE were estimated by measuring the oxygen consumption rate and changes in dry tissue weight of mud cockle. The results showed that the cubic functional relations between shell length (L) and soft part wet weight (mM) was expressed as mM=0.0556L3.1831 (r2=0.9256), with linear regression between cube root of the shell length and the wet weight of the soft body, the slope as the shape coefficient (δm=0.405) and with TA of (4830±586) K. The starvation test for 35 days revealed that dry flesh weight of mud cockle was maintained at 0.3 g, and soft organic matter was decreased from 87.3％ to 77.7％, with [EG] of 5475 J/cm3 and [EM] of 2026 J/cm3. After 49 days, dry flesh weight was found to be decreased by 41.2％ and oxygen consumption rate to be decreased by 75.2％. Meanwhile, the oxygen consumption rate was de- creased from 0.89 mg/(g·h) to 0.22 mg/(g·h), and [P·M] was estimated to be 32.2 J/(cm3·d). The reserve energy was described as the ratio of the maximum energy storage per unit volume to the difference between the initial dry weight and the final dry weight, and was 23 376 J/g. The finding provides data support for the construction of a dynamic energy budget model for mud cockle, and lays a foundation for further use of dynamic energy budget model to guide shellfish production, fishery management and aquaculture capacity assessment.
2023 Vol. 42 (1): 57-64 [Abstract] ( 133 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1161 KB)  ( 123 )
65 Effects of Letrozole and Fulvestrant on Lipid Metabolism in Male Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle Pelodiscus sinensis
WANG Guiyu, WANG Luming, WU Qisheng, CEN Shuangshuang, MA Xiao, LI Xuejun
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20283
We investigated the effects of estrogen deficiency on lipid metabolism in Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis by intraperitoneal injection of different concentrations of Letrozole (LET) and Fulvestrant (ICI) to detect differences in the expression of Cyp19a1 genes related to lipid metabolism and liver histology. Liver staining deepened in stained histological sections after ICI treatment, indicating that fat accumulation was produced in the liver and that this accumulation was dose-dependent. RT-qPCR results showed that Cyp19a1 expression level was significantly lower with the increase in treatment concentration (P<0.05) at 1 d after ICI treatment, significantly higher (P<0.05) at 3 d and 42 d. Similarly, as the ICI treatment concentration increased,the expression levels of Fas, Scd,Pparγ and Stat3 genes were significantly higher (P<0.05). Cyp19a1 expression level was significantly higher (P<0.05) after 42 d of treatment with low concentrations of LET and significantly lower (P<0.05) with high concentrations of LET. The expression level of Fas gene was increased with the increase in treatment concentration and was significantly lower in the 49 d in high concentration group (P<0.05). In the 49 d, the expression levels of Scd and Pparγ were decreased in treatment concentration group, and the expression level of Stat 3 was increased in high concentration group. RT-qPCR results revealed that disturbances in estrogen metabolism led to dysregulation of lipid metabolism and were associated with estrogen concentrations. The findings provided a theoretical reference for discussing the relationship between estrogen and lipid metabolism and breeding in the soft-shelled turtle.
2023 Vol. 42 (1): 65-72 [Abstract] ( 129 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3239 KB)  ( 106 )
73 Growth, Mortality and Rational Utilization of 5 Economic Fish Species in Coastal Dalian
LIU Xiuze, JI Guang, WANG Bin, DUAN Yan, WANG Xiaolin, WANG Aiyong, CHAI Yu, SUN Ming, GUO Dong, DONG Jing, WANG Yuanyuan, TIAN Yang
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21149
Based on the bottom trawl investigation data from 2017 to 2018, the growth, mortality and development status of 5 species of economic fish in coastal Dalian, China were evaluated using FISAT Ⅱ software developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). These species were small yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis, rockling Enchelyopus elongates, pointhead plaice Cleisthenes herzensteini, greenling Hexagrammos otakii, and schlegeli's black rochfish Sebastes schlegeli. The growth and death parameters were estimated using the body length frequency distribution method (ELEFAN Ⅰ), and the resource change trend were evaluated according to the Beverton-Holt model. The results showed that the asymptotic length of 5 fish species were from 222.4 mm to 495.5 mm, and that growth parameter was veried from 0.36 to 0.69. The current exploitation of 5 fish species were from 0.57 to 0.71, and were all larger than 0.5 and Emax, suggesting the stocks were over-exploited. Combined with the Beverton-Holt dynamic model, the result showed that the fishing pressure of the 5 fish species were relatively high, and the current capture size were relatively small. Considering inflection age, critical age, recruitment and economic interest, the optimum capture size for small yellow croaker, rockling, pointhead plaice, greenling, and schlegeli's black rochfish were 136 mm, 237 mm, 207 mm, 297 mm, and 160 mm, respectively. The findings can be used as a reference for fishery resources management of these five economic fish species. In the specific fishery policy-making, it is also necessary to ensure the timeliness of survey data and the comprehensiveness and scientificity of survey methods.
2023 Vol. 42 (1): 73-80 [Abstract] ( 236 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1917 KB)  ( 181 )
81 Effects of Formulated Feed and Chilled Trash Fish on Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides
SHAO Junjie, ZHONG Liqiang, ZHU Yuxuan, ZHANG Shiyong, WAN Jinjuan, CHEN Fengwei, ZHANG Meiqin, CHEN Xiaohui, LIU Guoxing, WANG Minghua
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21065
To study the effects of different origins of feed on growth and meat quality of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, the growth performance, and muscular nutritional composition, colour, water-holding capacity, texture and myofibril characteristics were evaluated in largemouth bass fed with formulated feed, chilled trash fish and mixed feed (the mass ratio of formulated feed and trash fish at 1∶1). The results showed that the fish in the chilled trash fish group behaved significantly better than formulated feed group on growth, and the growth performance of the fish in the mixed feed group was between the above 2 groups. However, the fish in the formulated feed group exhibited a lower feed conversion ratio. In comparison with formulated feed and mixed feed groups, the fish in the chilled trash fish group exhibited highest content of crude fat (P<0.05). The highest values of redness (a*) (6.51±1.10) and the lowest yellowness (b*) (4.81±0.69) were obtained in the chilled trash fish group. The centrifugal loss and liquid loss were significantly higher in formulated feed group than those fed with chilled trash fish (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the cooked rate (73.15%) was significantly lower in the fish in the formulated group than that in the mixed feed group (78.04%) and chilled trash fish group (77.81%) (P<0.05). In terms of the texture profile, the hardness and chewiness in the chilled trash fish group were enhanced significantly (P<0.05). Additionally, compared with formulated feed group, the muscle fibers in chilled trash fish and mixed feed groups had the characteristics of smaller diameter and higher density. In conclusion, under given conditions, chilled trash fish was more appropriate to improve the growth and muscle quality of largemouth bass compared with formulated feed, but the fish in the formulated feed group had lower feed conversion ratio and higher feed utilization rate. Therefore, in order to reduce the dependence on chilled trash fish and promote the sustainable and healthy development of largemouth bass culture, the further studies and developments of formulated feed need to be considered from nutritional composition of chilled trash fish, nutritional requirements and physiological characteristics of largemouth bass.
2023 Vol. 42 (1): 81-88 [Abstract] ( 144 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1006 KB)  ( 203 )
89 Effects of Temperature on Oxygen Consumption Rate, Suffocation Threshold, and Antioxidant Capacity of Juvenile Chinese Hooksnout Carp Opsariichthys bidens
ZHANG Kai, WANG Weiyu, ZHAO Liyue, XIONG Luomei, MEI Yehan, HUANG Kexin, LIU Fangling, YU Jin, ZHENG Shanjian
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21087
In order to explore the oxygen consumption rate, suffocation threshold, and antioxidant index of two sizes of juveniles Chinese hooksnout carp Opsariichthys bidens in different cultural environments, the oxygen consumption rate, suffocation point, and anti-oxidation indices of Chinese hooksnout carp were determined under three temperature gradients of 20, 24 and 28 ℃. It was found that the oxygen consumption rate and suffocation point of the juveniles was increased first and then decreased with increasing temperature. The oxygen consumption rate and suffocation point of small-sized juveniles (1.22±0.31) g at 20 ℃ were (0.185±0.057) mg/(g·h) and (1.149±0.110) mg/L, significantly lower than the consumption at 24 ℃ and 28 ℃(P<0.05). The suffocation threshold of small-sized juveniles was significantly higher at 24 ℃ than that at 28 ℃(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in oxygen consumption rate(P>0.05); the oxygen consumption rate of large-sized juveniles(4.91±0.55) g under three temperature gradients was 24 ℃>28 ℃>20 ℃, and the suffocation point was 28 ℃>24 ℃>20 ℃. Under the condition of 28 ℃, there was no significant difference in the oxygen consumption rate of two kinds of juvenile fish(P>0.05). Under hypoxia stress, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in liver tissues of the juvenile were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the SOD activity and T-AOC content of the liver of the juvenile were higher than those of the small ones (P<0.05). The findings indicate that the adaptability of small-sized juveniles to the environment is lower than that of large-sized juveniles, and they are more susceptible to damage under hypoxia and temperature stress.
2023 Vol. 42 (1): 89-95 [Abstract] ( 194 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1123 KB)  ( 165 )
96 Effects of Dietary Montmorillonite on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activities, and Immunity of Juvenile Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus
LI Junhua, LIU Jialiang, LI Jing, SUN Luping, LIU Shilin, WANG Yuben
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21075
The juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus with initial body weight of (1.37±0.07) g were reared in a 100 L plastic steel water tank at stocking density of 45 individuals per tank and fed diets containing 0%, 0.20%, 0.40%, 0.60% and 0.80% of montmorillonite for 75 days. Then the activities of intestinal protease and amylase and the activities of superoxide oxidase, lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase in coelomic fluid of the sea cucumber were determined at water temperature of 15.8—21.0 ℃ to probe into the effects of montmorillonite on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, immunity and water quality in the juvenile sea cucumber culture tank. The results showed that montmorillonite supplement significantly enhanced the specific growth rate (SGR) of the juveniles, with the maximal SGR in the 0.40% supplement group (P<0.05), without significant differences in the survival rate (SR) among the groups (P>0.05). The juveniles fed the diets supplemented with montmorillonite had significantly high apparent digestibility of dry matter (P<0.05). The concentrations of montmorillonite supplement ranging from 0.20% to 0.60% led to significantly increase the activities of protease and amylase (P<0.05), and the maximum values [(73.27±3.73) U/mg and (70.63±1.96) U/mg, respectively] were both found in the 0.40% group. There were different activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), lysozyme (LSZ) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in body fluid of the juveniles in different groups, with the maximal effect of montmorillonite supplement on the LSZ activity. The maximum activity of LSZ was observed in the 0.60% group, 50% higher than that in the control group. Therefore, the findings showed that diet supplemented with 0.40% montmorillonite improved the digestibility, immunity and growth of the sea cucumber, which provides foundation of optimizing the cultivation technology of sea cucumber.
2023 Vol. 42 (1): 96-101 [Abstract] ( 138 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (975 KB)  ( 118 )
102 Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Bacterium and Pathology of Haemorrhagic Septicaemia of Domestic Frog Quasipaa spinosa
REN Siyu, WU Chunyan, WANG Kaiyu, WANG Wenhui, LIU Zhenkun, YANG Yanhui
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21031
The haemorrhagic septicaemia of domestic frog Quasipaa spinosa was rarely reported. We used conventional bacteriological methods and pathological observations to identify the pathogen and reveal the pathological damage after infection. A gram negative pathogenic bacterium was isolated from liver and ascitic fluid of the diseased frog. Regression infection proved this strain, which had LD50 of 1.59×106 cfu/g, was the pathogenic bacterium. According to result of biochemical characteristics test, phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA and gyrB gene sequences, this strain was identified as a species of Aeromonas hydrophila. Drug susceptibility showed that the strain was sensitive to enrofloxacin, tetracycline, and florfenicol, and resistance to cefalexin, penicillin and sulfasomizole. The histopathological observation showed obvious damage in spleen with white pulp district decreased and congestion, bleeding and broken fiber in red pulp. The epicardium showed extremely swollen with numerous neutrophils, plasma cells, and monocytes in pericardial cavity. The renal tubular epithelial cell showed hyaline degeneration with monocytes and neutrophilic granulocytes infiltration in the renal interstitial district. The hepatic cells were swollen with focal necrosis, while the neurocytes were degeneration obviously in brain tissue. Transmission electron microscope observation of spleen showed the transformation process for reticular cells to melano-macrophages and necrosis of cells and fiber, while the bacterium was digested in lysosome of macrophages. It was concluded that A. hydrophila was identified as the pathogen causing the symptoms of septicemia. The finding provided theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of the disease.
2023 Vol. 42 (1): 102-112 [Abstract] ( 105 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (13811 KB)  ( 69 )
113 Effect of Different Warming Regimes in Spring on Strobilation and Ephyrae Number of Jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum
DUAN Yan, SUN Ming, CHEN Fudi, WANG Yitong
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21099
Strobilation is a key stage for polyp-to-jellyfish transition. Knowledge about the strobilation induced factors and the effect of temperature on the time and number of strobilation can help improve jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum artificial breeding, as well as optimize the jellyfish seedling method. The time and number of strobilation in polyps were investigated at 25 ℃ raising by 1 ℃ daily (T1) and 2 ℃ daily (T2) and 1 ℃ weekly for 100 days. The results showed that in the T1 group with increasing 2 ℃ ephyrae were started to release on the 8th day, and the water temperature during the peak period of releasing ephyrae was 21 ℃, and the cumulative number of ephyrae was 771 on average. In the T2 group with increasing 1 ℃ ephyrae were started to release on the 13th day, and reach their quantitative peak on the 17th day, when the temperature reaches about 19—21 ℃, and the cumulative number of ephyrae was 1117 on average. There was only one strobilation process in the two groups. In the T3 temperature group, the temperature slowly increased by 1 ℃ every week when the temperature was below 5—10 ℃, and the temperature increased 1 ℃ every 4 days when the temperature was in 10—15 ℃, and then the temperature increased 2 ℃ every two weeks, and keep the water temperature at 19 ℃ for all the temperature time. The result showed that the first time for releasing ephyrae was the 53rd day, and the water temperature during the peak period was 14—15 ℃, and the cumulative number of ephyrae was 1433. In the second strobilation period, the started time for releasing ephyrae was the 74th day, and the water temperature during the peak period was 17 ℃, and the cumulative number of ephyrae was 1010. In the third strobilation period, the started time for releasing ephyrae was the 88th day. The water temperature during the peak period was 19 ℃, and the cumulative number of ephyrae was 496. The cumulative number of ephyrae in the T3 group was 2939. These findings suggest that different temperature changes significantly affect strobilation process and the number of releasing ephyrae. The temperature control in spring can not only obtain jellyfish seedlings in controlled time, but can also increase the yield of jellyfish seedlings.
2023 Vol. 42 (1): 113-118 [Abstract] ( 128 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3078 KB)  ( 139 )
119 Analysis of Expression of Aldo-Keto Reductase Gene in Swamp Eel Monopterus albus Exposed to Cadmium
KONG Dan, LI Wei
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20288
The techniques of homology cloning and anchored PCR were used to clone the aldo-keto reductase gene from swamp eel Monopterus albus (Eakr gene). We obtained the genomic DNA sequence from the liver tissue of swamp eel on basis of designed primers according to the intron sequence. The swamp eel was cultured in aerated water of 15 mg/L CdCl2.The purpose of the study was to preliminarily investigate the role of Eakr gene in swamp eel under Cd2+ stress. To determine whether the recombinant Eakr could confer stress tolerance in vitro, the viability of control and Eakr-expressing Escherichia coli under CdCl2 stress was compared by spot assay and liquid culture. The results showed that a 4468 bp Eakr cDNA sequence was obtained by rapid-amplification of cDNA ends after the sequence were analyzed. The sequence assembly, and the cDNA contained 1026 bp ORF which translated a putative peptide 341 bp amino acids,74 bp 5'UTR and 195 bp 3'UTR. Eakr gene expression level was detected in brain, blood cells, heart, intestine, kidney, liver, muscle, gonad, skin, spleen and stomach of the swamp eel by fluorescence quantitative PCR, with the maximal expression level in liver(P<0.05). Under Cd2+ stress, the expression level of Eakr and Nrf2 genes was increased significantly. At each detection time, the expression level of Eakr gene was significantly different from that in the control group(P<0.001). While the expression level of Nrf2 gene was significantly different at 6 h, 9 h, and 12 h after treatment (P<0.001). The recombinant bacteria and control bacteria were treated with CdCl2. The survival rate of recombinant strains containing Eakr gene was significantly higher than that in negative control, and it was veny significant at Cd2+ concentrations of 1.5 mmol/L and 2.0 mmol/L (P<0.001). The finding provides a reference for further understanding of the role of AKR gene in fish in dealing with oxidative stress induced by heavy metals.
2023 Vol. 42 (1): 119-127 [Abstract] ( 105 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4172 KB)  ( 173 )
128 Comparative Analysis on Intestinal Microflora of Wild and Cultured Tench Tinca tinca
QIAN Yi, XU Qinyu, QIAN Long, AI Tao, XIANG Wei, HU Bolin, WANG Jun, WANG Chenghui
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21066
The bacterial community and function of the intestinal microbiota play important roles in the growth and development of fish. Tench Tinca tinca is a cultured fish species with high economic value in Xinjiang area, China. In order to compare the structure and abundance of intestinal microbial communities between the wild and cultured tench, the 16S rRNA gene (V3—V4 region) was sequenced between wild and cultured tench using Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing method. The results showed that the dominant intestinal microbial flora in tench was mainly Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota, and Bacteroidota. However, significant intestinal microbiota was identified between wild and cultured tench. In detail, at phylum level, the abundance of Fusobacteriota and Acidobacteriota in the cultured tench was significantly lower than that in the wild tench (P<0.05). At genus level, the abundance of Lactobacillus, and Acinetobacter was higher in the cultured tench than that in the wild tench, and the abundance of Mycoplasmataceae and Flavobacterium were lower in the cultured tench (P＜0.01). At species level, the abundance of A. lwoffii in the cultured tench was higher than that in the wild tench (P＜0.01), while the unclassified Flavobacterium was significantly lower in the wild tench (P＜0.05). It was found that the community and abundance of the intestinal microbiome was significantly different between wild and cultured tench. Our findings provide basic data for the research of intestinal microbiome and cultivation management of tench in future.
2023 Vol. 42 (1): 128-135 [Abstract] ( 133 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3345 KB)  ( 168 )
136 Effects of Starvation Stress on Immunity and ATPase Activity of Kuruma Prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus
ZHAO Sizhe, LI Wanying, LI Yongchuang, YU Miaomiao, LAI Xiaofang, WANG Panpan, YU Fei, YAN Binlun, WU Jun, HE Xiaofeng, GAO Huan
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21210
In this study, kuruma prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus with body weight of (0.8±0.06) g were placed in multi-layer and multi-cell grid culture system at 25 ℃, and one individual was placed in each cell for 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days of starvation stress. The changes in various indices in stomach, hepatopancreas and muscle tissues were detected at each time point. The results showed that the starved kuruma prawn had the significantly poor growth performance; catalase (CAT) activities in all tissues were found to be increased first and then decreased under starvation; the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) were found to be decreased significantly with the prolongation of starvation time in all tissues (P<0.05). The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed obvious tissue specificity. The activity of SOD in gastric tissue was increased first and then decreased with the extension of starvation time, with the peak value on the third day of starvation. The activity of SOD in hepatopancreas and muscle tissue decreased continuously with the extension of starvation time. With the extension of stress time, the activities of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase in various tissues were found to be increased first and then decreased, with the maximal value on the third day of the stress. The findings showed that starvation stress not only significantly reduced the growth performance, but also significantly affected the activities of immune related enzymes and ATPase in different stress periods.
2023 Vol. 42 (1): 136-141 [Abstract] ( 109 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1168 KB)  ( 338 )
142 Effect of Different Cyclic Starvation and Refeeding Regimes on Growth and Body Compositions in Black Rockfish Sebastes schlegelii
LIU Kaikai, DING Gang, LI Le, SONG Jingjing, CHI Wendan, YU Daode
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21054
A 67-day feeding trial was conducted to determine compensatory growth and body composition after experiencing cycles of starvation and re-feeding in juvenile black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii with initial body length of (10.25±0.74) cm and body weight of (16.77±2.72) g. Six feeding regimes were designed as follows: the control group of fish fed daily (S0), and other five groups that were subjected to 2 days of starvation followed by 1 to 5 days of feeding to satiation, i.e. S2F1 (starved for 2 d, then fed 1 d), S2F2 (starved 2 d, then fed 2 d), S2F3 (starved 2 d, then fed 3 d), S2F4 (starved 2 d, then fed 4 d) and S2F5 (starved 2 d, then fed 5 d). The results showed that there were the maximal final body weight, weight gain rate and specific growth rate in group S2F5, showing an over-compensatory growth. The final body weight, weight gain rate and specific growth rate were not significantly different in group S2F4 from those in the control group (P>0.05), showing a completely compensatory growth. The final body weight, weight gain rate and specific growth rate in groups S2F1, S2F2and S2F3 were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), showing a non-compensatory growth. There were no significant differences in feed conversion efficiency, hepatosomatic index and condition factor among all groups (P>0.05), but the viscerosomatic index was significantly higher in the control group than that in the feeding regime groups (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the body lipid content (except group S2F5) was significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the body protein and ash contents were not significantly different among all groups (P>0.05). The cyclic feeding regime of starved 2 d, then fed 5 d led to over-compensatory growth, and the feeding time was shortened by 29.85% compared with the control group, which is the best feeding mode under the experimental conditions.
2023 Vol. 42 (1): 142-146 [Abstract] ( 124 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (965 KB)  ( 136 )
       Overview and SpecificTopiC
147 Research Progress on Separation, Purification, Structure Analysis and Biological Activity of Saponins in Sea Cucumber: a Review
LIU Guiying, LIU Yujun, ZHANG Yuyang, WU Jinhao, SONG Lun, ZHOU Zunchun, XIONG Shuang, WANG Zheng
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20248
2023 Vol. 42 (1): 147-156 [Abstract] ( 163 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1137 KB)  ( 196 )
157 Research Progress on Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities of Fucoidan and Their Interaction
ZHANG Linyi, XIA Qing, LIU Yan, JIA Zheyu, KE Yue, CHENG Jing, REN Dandan, HE Yunhai, WANG Qiukuan
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21053
2023 Vol. 42 (1): 157-166 [Abstract] ( 212 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1525 KB)  ( 199 )
167 A Review: Research Progress on Storage, Transport and Utilization of Glycogen in Bivalves
MEI Limin, ZHOU Chengxu
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21105
2023 Vol. 42 (1): 167-174 [Abstract] ( 163 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1027 KB)  ( 329 )
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