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  • 月刊，1984年创刊
    主 管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
    主 办：包头医学院
    主 编：赵云山
    特邀主编：高长青
    编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
    国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
    国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
    邮发代号：16-292
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2023 Vol. 42, No. 6
Published: 2023-11-25
Research and Application
Overview and Specific Topic
 
       Research and Application
921 Ecological Functions of Microbial Communities in Tiger Shrimp Penaeus monodon Polyculture Ponds
ZHOU Lei, ZHAO Zelong, GUAN Xiaoyan, WANG Bai, ZHOU Zunchun
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21261
In this study, the microbial communities of sediments from three different types of prawn mariculture systems, including prawn, prawn+jellyfish, prawn+jellyfish+clam, and a non-mariculture in coastal area were compared by a metagenomics method. Results showed that Ralstonia pickettii was the most abundant pathogen in studied samples. The relative abundance of pathogens in the sediments of prawn mariculture ponds was significantly lower than that in the control sediments. Moreover, significantly higher abundances of genes associated with nitrate reduction to produce ammonia were presented in the prawn mariculture sediments, whereas genes related to nitrite and ammonia utilization were more abundant in the non-mariculture sediments. Meanwhile, higher abundance of genes involved in sulfate reduction to produce sulfides were also found in all types of prawn mariculture sediments compared to the non-mariculture controls. Interestingly, both genes of nitrate and sulfate reduction were more abundant in prawn monoculture and prawn+jellyfish+clam modes than those in the prawn+jellyfish system. Moreover, certain biochemical processes in prawn mariculture sediments were conducted by various microbial groups, including Alteromonadales, Bacteroidales, Chromatiales, Flavobacteriales, Desulfobac-terales, and Desulfovibrionales. Understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen and sulfur as well as pathogens in various prawn polyculture systems can help to improve the culture technology, restrict the outbreak of diseases, and increase the production.
2023 Vol. 42 (6): 921-932 [Abstract] ( 185 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4906 KB)  ( 171 )
933 Cloning and mRNA Expression Analysis of C1q Gene in Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus
CHEN Zhong
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.22062
C1q, as the complement recognition protein of the classical activation pathway, is very important for the immunity of the body. In order to study the role of C1q gene in the immune defense of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus, the full-length cDNA sequence of sea cucumber C1q (AjC1q) cDNA was cloned by the homologous gene cloning and RACE, and other molecular biology techniques. The full-length cDNA sequence was 1717 bp, in which the 5'- terminal untranslated region was 110 bp, the 3-terminal untranslated region was 698 bp, and the open reading frame was 909 bp, encoding 302 amino acids. AjC1q protein has a globular C1q domain and is a trimer, which has high homology with the C1q domain of most animals in wild. The mRNA of AjC1q was expressed in the whole development of sea cucumber. The expression increased significantly in the doliolaria stage and reached the peak in the pentactula stage, indicating that the complement system may be widely activated in the doliolaria stage. And the mRNA of AjC1q was expressed in different tissues and was highly expressed in tube feet. In addition, the AjC1q gene could be up-regulated in a short time after stimulation by different pathogens, indicating that AjC1q is rapidly expressed under the stimulation of pathogens. So AjC1q may play an important role in the development of sea cucumber and in the immune response.
2023 Vol. 42 (6): 933-944 [Abstract] ( 154 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (7247 KB)  ( 91 )
945 Changes in Muscle Quality and Physiochemical Properties of Grouper Hybrid Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♂×E. lanceolatus ♀ during Keeping-alive with Water
WEN Jingjing, WANG Lei, WANG Jinxiang, LI Xuepeng, LI Jianrong, DING Yuting, XIE Jing, WANG Yanbo, QIN Xiaoming
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21255
The survival rate, body mass loss rate, general chemical composition and texture of muscle characteristics, muscle tissue morphology, serum biochemical indicators, fish gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity and tissue morphology were determined in pearl gentian grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♂×E. lanceolatus♀) with a body mass of (700±50) g placed in a 90 × 45 × 30 cm tank with continuous oxygenation for 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h at a density of 100 g/L at a salinity of 24—26 and water temperature of (25±2) ℃to explore the changes in muscle quality and physiological and biochemical indicators at different water retention periods. The result showed that the survival rate of pearl gentian grouper was showed to be decreased, and body weight loss rate to be significantly increased (P<0.05), contents of crude fat and protein to be significantly decreased (P<0.05) with the time extended,while the hardness to be depressed gradually. With the extension of survival time, the morphology of muscles tissue was observed to be changed significantly, with increase in the gap between muscles fibers gradually, and the fractured structure of muscles tissue gradually. The activity of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase in fish blood was increased, while cortisol level went down firstly then up. There was decrease in Na+/K+-ATPase activity in gills and then increase. The lamellae became longer and thinner, accompanied by edema, and the whiteness of gills was increased significantly (P<0.05). The serum biochemical properties and the gills tissue morphology characteristics were expected to be potential indicators to characterize the of pearl gentian grouper during keeping-alive, which provided reference for the dynamic monitoring of the quality of live grouper during the live with water.
2023 Vol. 42 (6): 945-954 [Abstract] ( 121 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (5788 KB)  ( 274 )
955 Effect of a High Protein Content Compound Feed Substitution for Trash fish on Intestinal Microbiota in Mud Crab Scylla paramamosain
SU Guisen, LI Min, CHEN Ran, HU Gaoyu, XIAO Guoqiang, CAI Jingbo, ZHANG Xiang
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21080
To explore the differences of intestinal microbiota for Scylla paramamosain fed different diets (Eel feed-EF, and fresh fish-FF) under crab apartment, the microbial community structure and changes were studied by using the 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing technology in this study. The results showed that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the four most dominant categories at phylum level whose number of OTU accounted for more than 85.84%. The OTUs of common bacterial community accounted for 18.92% represented 95.39% of the sequences. The microbial community of different diets was no remarkably distinct by PCoA. With the pass of periods, the complexity of bacterial co-occurrence relationship decreased. The function analyses of intestinal microbiota showed that there was significant difference in secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism in early period, which was not significant in late period. Overall EF has no significant effect on the bacterial community structure and function.
2023 Vol. 42 (6): 955-965 [Abstract] ( 93 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (19498 KB)  ( 38 )
966 Comparison of Nutrient Compositions and Flavor Substances between Hard Clam Meretrix meretrix and Northern Quahog Mercenaria mercenaria
CHEN Suhua, CHEN Aihua, WU Yangping, ZHANG Yu, CAO Yi, ZHANG Zhidong, LI Qiujie, SUN Xuefeng
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.22002
To evaluate the nutritional value of hard clam Meretrix meretrix and northern quahog Mercenaria mercenaria, the contents of approximate compositions,fatty acids, free amino acids,nucleotides, inorganic ions and volatile flavor substances were comparatively detected and analyzed in the soft body of the same month old hard clam(shell length 20.66±3.24 mm) and northern quahog(shell length 29.70 ± 2.23 mm) under the same aquaculture environment using the conventional nutritional determination methods and mass spectrometry. Results showed that there was significantly lower content of crude fat in hard clam than that in northern quahog (P< 0.05), with the mximal content of PUFA in hard clam (45.57%), especially EPA (13.29 %) and DHA (11.48 %), higher than those in northern quahog, without significant difference in contents of adenylate (AMP), guanylate (GMP), and inosinate (IMP) between the two clams. The three nucleotides exhibited major taste impacts on the hard clam, while IMP of northern quahog did not make much contribution to its taste flavor. The inorganic ions were all found to be the major flavor contributors in the two clams, with significantly higher contents of Na+, Fe2+, Zn+, Cl-and PO43-in hard clam than those in northern quahog(P<0.05), and significantly higher contents of Ca2+ and K+ in northern quahog than those in hard clam (P<0.05). There were 29 kinds of flavor-active compounds detected from hard clam and 42 kinds from northern quahog, with the maximal contents of alcohols in these two clams, indicating that alcohols play important roles in the overall odor. The odorant activity value (OAV) of 1-octen-3-ol in northern quahog was significantly higher than that in hard clam, which smelled “earthly” with excessive content.It was found that hard clam and northern quahog both had high nutritional value, a bit better nutrients and flavor substances in hard clam than northern quahog.
2023 Vol. 42 (6): 966-976 [Abstract] ( 112 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1449 KB)  ( 214 )
977 Transcriptome Analysis of Hepatopancreas Tissue with Non-O1 Vibrio cholerae Infection in Giant Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii
ZHANG Zirui, ZHU Xinhai, ZHANG Xiaojun, GAO Xiaojian, SUN Yongjun, WEI Wansheng, JIANG Qun
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21197
In 2018, outbreaks of mass mortalities occurred in giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii farms in Gaoyou city, Jiangsu Province of China, causing significant economic damage, and Non-O1 Vibrio cholerae is recognized to be the etiological agent of the enzootic. To investigate the immune response, giant freshwater prawn [weight(7.22±0.46)g] was infected withNon-O1 V. cholerae (1×106 cfu/mL) for 24 h. Hepatopancreas tissue with and without non-O1 V. cholerae infection was sampled and then comparative transcriptome analysis was conducted using Illumina Hiseq 2000. After de novo assembly, 85794 high quality unigenes were obtained with an average length of 1208 bp (N50=2804 bp). Searching against the public databases, including GO, COG, KEGG, NR, SWISS and NT, 29731 unigenes were annotated. Differential expression analysis showed that 3236 significantly differently expressed genes (DEGs) were identified with 1745 up-regulated genes and 1419 down-regulated genes. According to the information of gene function annotation, 16 immune-related genes were obtained. The expression level of nine well-known immune-related genes, including LEC 3 and Serpin1, significantly increased. While other seven genes, including HMC and SCARB, showed significantly decreased expression level. The dominant enriched GO terms of DEGs were involved in cellular process, cell and binding. Three GO terms, including immune system process, response to stimulus, and antioxidant activity, involved in immune response, were enriched. This result demonstrated that non-O1 V. cholerae infection stimulated and activate the antioxidant system and further triggers non-self-recognition molecules and immune response. KEGG analysis revealed that DEGs were enriched into 121 pathways including several immune-related pathways, such as phagosome, ECM-receptor interaction, Vibrio cholerae infection, leukocyte transendothelial migration, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and so on. To verify the accuracy of transcriptome sequencing, eight DEGs were selected to conduct quantitative real-time PCR. Results of qRT-PCR were consistent with RNA-seq, which indicated that the differential gene expression results based on the transcriptome sequencing were credible. Data from this study provided part of basic information about gene expression changes of hepatopancreas after non-O1 V. cholerae infection, which might be helpful for further studying the immune response of giant freshwater prawn against non-O1 V. cholerae infection.
2023 Vol. 42 (6): 977-986 [Abstract] ( 101 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4741 KB)  ( 230 )
987 Construction of Zebrafish Danio rerio Enteritis Model Induced by Dextran Sodium Sulfate
MA Jun, CHEN Yan, LIU Lu, HOU Guoyu, HU Chengzheng, WAN Xinming, CHEN Pan, LI Wanting, HUANG Hai
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21184
The intestinal inflammation model in adult zebrafish can provide a better powerful experimental platform for the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammatory in economically important fish and the screening of therapeutic drugs. In this study, dextran sodium sulfate (DSS, 5%) was injected into adult zebrafish Danio rerio by oral and anal injection. There was slightly higher survival rate in oral injection group than that in anal injection group, the vitality of fish becoming to be recovery on the third day after induction. At this time, histological analysis showed that the zebrafish in the oral injection group induced mild inflammation, while the zebrafish in the ones in the anal injection group were induced mild and moderated inflammation. The oral injection was simpler and more efficient and selected to dynamically monitor the effects of DSS on intestinal tissue and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in adult zebrafish, though oral and anal injection produced similar inflammatory characters. The foregut and mid-gut were more sensitive to DSS by oral injection, on the 1st and 3rd days after induction, with obvious local intestinal wall thickening and eosinophil infiltration. The caudal intestine was relatively slow response to the sodium dextran sulfate (DSS), the change of intestinal wall was not obvious, and the eosinophil infiltration and aggregation appeared on the 6th and 9th days after induction. In addition, epithelial fold disruption or shedding was common, without obvious correlation with DSS induction. The number of goblet cells in the intestinal mucosal layer was inflected by a certain stress response to DSS induction. On the 1st and 3rd days after induction, the number of goblet cells in the foregut, midgut and hindgut was increased significantly and gathered on the surface of the mucosal layer, and the change trend of the number of goblet cells was consistent with the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity of the intestinal tissue.
2023 Vol. 42 (6): 987-995 [Abstract] ( 81 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (7070 KB)  ( 46 )
996 Seasonal Variation Characteristics of Fish Community Structure in Liaodong Bay
WANG Xiaolin, JI Guang, ZHANG Yijing, WANG Aiyong, DONG Jing, LIU Xiuze
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.22053
Liaodong Bay is one of the three major bays of Bohai Sea, with the highest latitude in China. It is an important spawning ground, feeding ground and fishery production ground for a variety of economic fish and macroinvertebrates. As changing environment conditions affect Liaodong Bay, fish communities may also shift. In order to study the seasonal variation characteristics of fish communities in Liaodong Bay, bottom trawl surveys were carried out on three voyages in May (spring), August (summer) and October (Autumn) in 2020. The seasonal variation of fish species composition, dominant species, diversity and community spatial structure were analyzed, the seasonal alternation index (AI) and migration index (MI) of community were calculated, and the abundance-biomass comparison (ABC) curve of fish community was established in Liaodong Bay. The results showed that there were 58 species of fish caught in three seasons in Liaodong Bay, including 34 species in spring, 49 species in summer and 46 species in winter. The dominant species were Cynoglossus joyneri, Setipinna taty and Johnius belengeri in spring, Chaeturichthys stigmatias, C. joyneri, Argyrosomus argentatus, J. belengeri and Konosirus punctatus in summer, and C. stigmatias, C. joyneri, Chaeturichthys hexanema, S. taty and J. belengeri in autumn. The dominant species were mainly low trophic fish with short life cycle and small size. The diversity index of fish community structure was 1.34~1.63, the richness index was 1.44~1.68, and the evenness index was 0.60~0.64. The diversity of fish community was gradually increasing from spring to autumn in Liaodong Bay. Fish was divided into three community groups in Liaodong Bay: the northern nearshore community near the top of Liaodong Bay (group Ⅰ), the deep-water community in the central and southern part of Liaodong Bay (Group Ⅱ) and the deep-water community at the mouth of Liaodong Bay (Group Ⅲ). There were three community groups in spring and summer, and two community groups in autumn. Analysis of Similarities (ANOSIM) test showed that the fish community groups divided above were significant differences in Liaodong Bay in each season (R=0.649~0.787,P<0.001). The spatial pattern of fish community group maintained relative stability during seasonal changes in Liaodong Bay, such as the northern nearshore community near the top of Liaodong Bay, which always existed in three seasons, while other regions sometimes integrated together, and sometimes maintained their own spatial structure. Bottom temperature had the highest correlation coefficient with spatial distribution of fish community in spring and summer (R=0.270 in spring, R=0.408 in summer),and water depth had the highest correlation coefficient in autumn(R=0.376 in autumn).The biomass and frequency of fish were significantly different along the water depth gradient. The results of ABC curve showed that the abundance curves of fish were above the biomass curve in Liaodong Bay in three seasons, indicated that the fish community was seriously disturbed.
2023 Vol. 42 (6): 996-1005 [Abstract] ( 118 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2114 KB)  ( 478 )
1006 Changes in Quality and Taste of Ridgetail White Prawn Exoplaemon carinicauda during Steaming
SHAO Chen, SHI Wenzheng, QU Yinghong, WU Xugan
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21188
To investigate the change in quality and taste of ridgetail white prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda during steaming (0,1,2,4,6 and 8 min), the related indicators including moisture, cooking loss, texture analysis, sensory score as well as electronic tongue were determined. The results showed that the moisture content decreased and the cooking loss increased with the extension ofsteaming time. After steaming for 8 min, the moisture of shrimp meat decreased to 74.37%, and the cooking loss increased by 10.93%. With the prolonging of steaming time, the hardness, chewiness, adhesiveness and resilience of shrimp meat increased firstly and then decreased; The cohesion increased and eventually stabilized, while the elasticity decreased during steaming. Compared with raw shrimp, the content of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) increased to (554.29±7.19) mg/100 g after steaming for 4 min. The bitter amino acid content of shrimp meat decreased during steaming, and the content was the lowest in 2-4 min. The PCA result of electronic tongue showed that significant differences in the overall taste characteristics among different steaming time samples. Overall, steaming can significantly affect the taste and quality characteristics of the shrimp which has better quality when steaming for 4 min, and this study may provide a theoretical for the pretreatment of ridgetail white prawn before drying.
2023 Vol. 42 (6): 1006-1014 [Abstract] ( 119 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2381 KB)  ( 54 )
1015 Changes in Nutrient Concentrations and Species Composition and Density of Phytoplankton in Funing Scallop Culture Area
BU Shixun, ZHANG Fuchong, FANG Xiao, LI Yongren
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21129
In order to study the variation characteristics of nutrients and phytoplankton in the scallop culture sea area in Funing Bay, Hebei Province, China and to explore the correlation between nutrient concentrations and phytoplankton species and density from May to November 2020, of 0 km water quality indicators and species composition and density of phytoplankton were monthly monitored 0, 0.3, 4.6, and 11.1 km of the scallop culture sea area in Funing Bay, Hebei Province, China from May to November 2020. The results showed that the water temperature changes at all stations were consistent; there were higher contents of chemical oxygen demand, active phosphate, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, and active silicate on the 0 km than those in other stations, and the salinity, and pH lower than those in other sites. From May to November, the COD concentration was ranged from 0.260 to 3.460 mg/L;, with the maximal concentrations of both active phosphate (0.044 mg/L) and active silicate (7.174 mg/L) in July. The variation ranges of concentrations were 0—0.101 mg/L in nitrite nitrogen and 0.052—1.578 mg/L in nitrate nitrogen and 0—0.096 mg/L in ammonia nitrogen. A total of 102 species phytoplankton in 56 genera were identified, including Bacillariophyta, Pyrrophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Cryptophyta, Euglenophyta, and Chrysophyta. There was higher density of phytoplankton at the 0 km and 0.3 km than that in 4.6 and 11.1km. The density variation range was shown to be 8.3×104—445.6×104 pcs/L at each station, with the dominant species of Skeletonema costatum, Cyclotella striata, Navicula sp., and Leptocylindrus danicus.The dominant species of Chlorophyta in the surveyed sea area was significantly positively correlated with nitrate nitrogen (P<0.05). The findings can provide data reference with the bay scallop culture industry in the sea area of Hebei Province.
2023 Vol. 42 (6): 1015-1024 [Abstract] ( 78 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2232 KB)  ( 62 )
1025 Oxygen Consumption Rate and Asphyxiation Point of Juvenile Filefish Thamnaconus septentrionalis Exposed to Four Water Temperature
DANG Baocheng, BIAN Li, LI Xuemei, SUN Yikang, LI Meishuai, CHANG Qing, GE Jianlong, QU Jiangbo, YAN Junli, CHEN Siqing
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21163
In order to understand the changes in oxygen consumption and activity of juvenile filefish Thamnaconus septentrionalis with the decrease of dissolved oxygen level in water at different temperatures, oxygen consumption rate and asphyxiation point were determined in juvenile filefish with body length of (9.5±0.08) cm and body weight of (15.34±0.15) g exposed to four temperature gradients of 12 ℃, 16 ℃, 20 ℃ and 24 ℃ in a closed breathing chamber. The results showed that the asphyxiation point was (0.85±0.06) mg/L at 12 ℃, (0.97±0.04) mg/L at 16 ℃, (1.10±0.05) mg/L at 20 ℃ and (1.40±0.07) mg/L at 24 ℃, and increased with the warming water temperature. The juveniles began to show uncomfortable behavior at dissolved oxygen levels close to 2.14 mg/L, 2.37 mg/L, 2.40 mg/L and 3.06 mg/L, and all appeared to death. The higher the temperature, the shorter the total death time of the juveniles when the dissolved oxygen content in each temperature group was decreased by close to 0.3 mg/L. The oxygen consumption rate was shown to be increased with the increase in temperature, and decreased from 0.104, 0.131, 0.187 and 0.318 mg/(g·h) at the beginning to 0.02-0.03 mg/(g·h) at the end with the decrease in dissolved oxygen content in the four temperature groups. The higher the temperature was, the faster the decrease was. The changes in oxygen consumption rate during the decrease in dissolved oxygen content in each temperature group were divided into suitable stage (Ⅰ), asphyxia stage (Ⅱ) and death stage (Ⅲ), with obvious changes in the three stages. There was a decreasing trend of the oxygen consumption rate in each group, with significant differences among the three stages (P<0.05). The oxygen consumption rate in each temperature group in stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ was increased with the elevated temperature, with the significant difference among all groups (P<0.05), without significant difference among adjacent temperature groups in stage Ⅲ (P>0.05), and with significant differences among the non-adjacent groups. Therefore, there was an obvious change in oxygen consumption rate in juvenile filefish with temperature change, the fish being poor hypoxia tolerance when oxygen consumption was higher.
2023 Vol. 42 (6): 1025-1031 [Abstract] ( 72 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3919 KB)  ( 253 )
1032 Analysis of Growth, Body Color and Expression Levels of Skin Color Related Genes in Red Family Common Carp Cyprinus carpio FFRC No.2 Strain
WAN Shunpeng, ZHU Wenbin, WANG Lanmei, LUO Mingkun, FU Jianjun, DU Shumei, DONG Zaijie
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.22020
In order to investigate the differences in body color differentiation and growth in the red FFRC No.2 strain common carp Cyprinus carpio , the fry from two families of FFRC No. 2 strain including red A and B families bred by multi-generations, forming 4 complete diallel crossing combinations of AA, BB, AB, and BA, with 4 families for each combination, were reared in 16 cages of 1m × 1m × 1m placed in the same pond for 2 months. Then the juveniles in each family were marked by PIT and the body weight, body length, body thickness and body depth were measured. The 2 months old juveniles were cultured in the same pond for another 3 months and measured again to analyze growth, body color, enzyme related to pigment synthesis activities and the expression level of body color related genes in the offspring in each group. The results showed that the offspring in AA and BA groups were all red in skin color, with significant advantage in body weight, length, thickness, and depth in the BA group compared to the other three groups, while the offspring in BB and AB groups had both all red and red green-backed (with green-grey stripes on the back) phenotypes, with having 80.1 % of green-backed/total in BB group and 87.3 % green-backed/total in AB group. It was found that the green-backed individual had considerably higher body weight, length, thickness, and depth than those in the all-red ones (P<0.05), without significant difference in activities of GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (Gch1) and tyrosinase (Tyr) in the four groups (P > 0.05). There was significantly higher relative expression level of cyclic hydrolase 1 (Gch1) gene in dorsal skin tissue in AA group than that in the BB and AB groups (P<0.05), and there were significantly higher relative expression levels of xanthine dehydrogenase (Xdh) gene and murine reductase (Spr) gene in the AA group than those in BB, AB, and BA groups (P＜0.05). Tyrosinase (Tyr) and pre-melanocortin gene (Pmel) expression levels were significally higher in the AA, AB, and BA groups than those in BB group (P<0.05), without statistically different melanocortin 1 receptor gene (Mc1r) expression levels between groups (P > 0.05). Group AA common carp, FFRC No.2 strain can be utilized as a basis material to supply parents for the next generation of selection, according to a combination of indicators. The findings explored the law of body color differentiation of the red, FFRC No.2 strain, and provided certain basic research data for further cultivating red carp with good growth and body color.
2023 Vol. 42 (6): 1032-1039 [Abstract] ( 115 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1476 KB)  ( 142 )
1040 Effect of Dietary Levels of Vitamin E on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Indices and Body Color of Koi Cyprinus carpio
JIN Xin, LU Zhengyi, ZHANG Yuanyuan, CUI Pei, SUN Jinhui, QIAO Xiuting, CHENG Zhenyan
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.22005
Juve nile koi Cyprinus carpio was reared in automatic inflatable circulating water tanks and fed 5 types of diets containing 0 (basal diet containing 40 mg/kg vitamin E and 200 mg/kg, control group), 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg/kg vitamin E to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin E levels on the growth, body shape, body color and antioxidant indices of the koi at water temperature of 20.0—25.0 ℃ for 6 weeks. It was found that the final body weight, weight gain and specific growth rate were first increased and then decreased with the increase in dietary vitamin E levels, without significant difference in all groups (P>0.05). There were also no significant differences in body composition, body length / body depth ratio, body weight / body length ratio, condition factor and visceral body ratio (P>0.05). The yellowness (b*) was shown to be significantly improved in the fish fed the diets containing 250 and 500 mg/kg vitamin E compared with the fish in the control group (P<0.05). Moreover, the peak value was observed in group with 250 mg/kg of vitamin E addition at the second weekend.Vitamin E supplementation led to significantly enhance liver catalase and superoxide dismutase activities (P<0.05). In summary, the fish fed diet supplemented with 250 mg/kg vitamin E (total vitamin E content was 290 mg/kg) significantly improved the body color and antioxidant capacity. The better body color effect was observed in 2 weeks.
2023 Vol. 42 (6): 1040-1046 [Abstract] ( 109 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1113 KB)  ( 65 )
1047 Acute Tolerance and Behavioral Responses of Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus Fry to Salinity
DUAN Yongqiang, ZHANG Shiyong, WANG Minghua, ZHONG Liqiang, BIAN Wenji, CHEN Xiaohui
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21198
Acute salinity stress experiments in 24 h, 48 h and 96 h were carried out on channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus fry at different development stages, including the prolarva, 10 dph (days post hatching) fry and 30 dph fry. The effects of sub-lethal salinity and safe salinity of the fryat three development stageswere studied, and the limit salinity tolerance of the fryalso was comparedat each development stage. The results showed that the effect sub-lethal salinity both in 24 h and 48 h were 30 dphfry>10 dph fry>yolk sac fry, while sub-lethal salinity in 96 h was 30 dph fry>yolk sac fry>10 dph fry. The limiting salinity tolerance of fry at three development stages were 7.0, 4.0 and 9.0, respectively. Since the fry are weak after the yolk sac exhaustion and still need to go through the key period of 10 dph to 30 dph. The salinity of the stocking water body of the fry in the three stages should be controlled below 4.0, 4.0, 9.0, respectively. The results provide basic data for the scientific stocking of channel catfish fry in coastal beach areas.
2023 Vol. 42 (6): 1047-1053 [Abstract] ( 103 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1105 KB)  ( 272 )
1054 Embryonic Observation and Activities of Antioxidase in Giant Spiny Frog Quasipaa spinosaduring Embryonic Development
XIE Yongguang, WANG Xiaodong, WU Yafeng, HUANG Fujiang, WEI Xiuying, WEI Zhaoyu, CHEN Dunxue
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21209
In order to investigate the changes in morphological character and autioxidant enzyme activities during the embryo development of giant spiny frog Quasipaa spinosa, the cultured breeding parents were prepared to mature and spawn in imitation ecology condition. The whole process of embryonic development was continuously observed, photographed, and measured. The activities of autioxidant enzymes were identified follow the instructions. The fertilized egg was belong to the sinuous viscous egg with (4.31±0.69) mm in length. The results showed that under an incubation temperature of (24.5±0.5) ℃, it took 222.94 h for the whole embryonic development to hatching stage and 288.44 h to yolk exhausted stage with the total accumulative temperature of 470.95 h·℃ and 7078.32 h·℃, respectively. According to the external morphology and typical characteristics of embryonic development, it can be divided into seven stages. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase showed the same trend as well as the malondialdehyde content significantly decreased in the mid-gastrula stage. The activity of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase was reached a peak in the same time, then showed continuous declination. In addition, the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase were minimal in the yolk absorbs stage, while the lowest levels of malondialdehyde was observed in the mid-gastrula stage. The finding will provide basic data and important references for seed production technology efficiently in the future.
2023 Vol. 42 (6): 1054-1062 [Abstract] ( 77 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2424 KB)  ( 37 )
1063 Effects of Different Aquatic Macrophytes and Coverages on Purification of Aquaculture Wastewater
NI Meng, CHU Tianjiang, LIU Mei, LIAN Qingping, GUO Aihuan, ZOU Songbao, ZHOU Dan, ZHOU Zhiming, YUAN Julin
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21193
In order to evaluate the purification effect of different aquatic plant species and floating bed coverage on aquaculture water, s100 g of 7species of aquatic macrophytes including Hydrilla verticillata, water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica), iris (Iris tectorum), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), mushroom grass (Hydrocotyle nymphoides), Typha orientalis and Oenanthe javanica were fixed on a 20 cm×30 cm floating bed in a plastic bucket with length of 108 cm×width 60 cm×height 65 cm, and H.verticillata were directly soaked in the water. The experimental water was from an aquacultureaerated pond covered with a light-transmitting plastic sheet at a salinity of 4.5. Meanwhile, 2.0 m×4.0 m PVC pipe structure ecological floating beds were set up in 9 aquaculture ponds with an area of about 6670 m2, and water spinach was arranged according to the coverage rate of 2.5%, 5.0% and 10.0%, and the removal of main water quality indicators by each aquatic plant was analyzed at different times.Results showed that water spinach had the maximal removal of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand, and H.verticillata had the best removing effect on ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen.The principal component analysis revealed that water spinach showed the best comprehensive purification effect of eutrophic water, followed by Iris tectorum,T.orientalis, H.nymphoides, H.verticillata, O.javanicaand L. sativa.There were significantly lower contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and chemical oxygen demand at different floating bed coverage than those in control group, with the best effect in 10.0% coverage group.Therefore,water spinach led to significantly reduce the eutrophication level and to improve the water quality of aquaculture ponds. The removal rate of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and chemical oxygen demand was in accordance with the coverage of floating bed. The floating bed coverage rate of 10% is recommended.
2023 Vol. 42 (6): 1063-1071 [Abstract] ( 104 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (5772 KB)  ( 211 )
       Overview and Specific Topic
1072 A Review of Current Research on Plant Anesthetic in Fish Anesthesia and Sedation
ZENG Xiangbing, DONG Hongbiao, CHEN Jian, LI Chenghui, ZHANG Hui, DUAN Yafei, ZHANG Jiasong
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21183
2023 Vol. 42 (6): 1072-1080 [Abstract] ( 178 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1160 KB)  ( 413 )
1081 Source and Distribution of Microplastics in Aquatic Environment and Its Ecological Toxicity on Fish
XUE Yinghao, ZHANG Mingming, XU Zhiyu, FENG Liangshan, SUN Zhanxiang, JIA Tao, LIU Dongsheng
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21201
2023 Vol. 42 (6): 1081-1090 [Abstract] ( 118 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1178 KB)  ( 302 )
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