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Information
月刊，1984年创刊
主 管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
主 办：包头医学院
主 编：赵云山
特邀主编：高长青
编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
邮发代号：16-292
Links
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2025 Vol. 44, No. 3
Published: 2025-05-25
Research and Application
Overview and Specific Topic
Research and Application
341
Microbial Composition in Water of Recirculating Aquaculture Ponds of Red Swamp Crayfish
Procambarus clarkii
LU Xinran, DING Zhenyuan, LI Fuhao, WAN Changjian, GUAN Weibing
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24026
In order to probe into the structural composition of the aquatic microbial community in a recirculating red swamp crayfish
Procambarus clarkii
pond culture model based on the application of organic fertilizers, the microbial structure in the recirculating crayfish ponds was compared with traditional culture crayfish ponds and integrated rice-crayfish system in Wanhe Breeding Cooperative, Wuwei City, Anhui Province (E 117°93'32″, N 31°39'84″) from July to September by Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the dominant bacterial communities in water in the three modes were similar at phylum level, and different in the dominant genera which were all colonies beneficial to carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus recirculating in the water. The microbial communities in the three modes played promoting role in the balance of aquaculture water ecosystems. High flux sequencing analysis of the microorganisms in three periods in water in the middle and late stages of recirculating crayfish ponds showed that
hgcI_clade
was the core dominant bacterial genus, with relative abundance exceeding 20% in all three periods. The fish in the aquaculture water was found to affect the composition of the water microbial community. In August, the removal of miscellaneous fish from the ponds and a new round of water replacement resulted in significant difference in the structure of the water microbial community compared to July. As the aquaculture in the recirculating model progressed, the distribution of microbial structure in the water in September was closer to that in July. The most dominant bacteria in the aquaculture crayfish ponds wete found to be Proteobacteria, which played an important role in nutrient recirculating in the water. This may be involved in the aquaculture pond recirculating mode. The water physical and chemical factors showed that dissolved oxygen, PO
3-
4
-P and NH
3
-N were shown to be the environmental factors primarily impacting on the microbial structure of recirculating aquaculture crayfish ponds with C39, the dominant bacterial genus in recirculating aquaculture crayfish ponds playing a dominant role in nitrogen and phosphorus recirculating in the water.
2025 Vol. 44 (3): 341-355 [
Abstract
] (
174
)
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356
Growth Traits of Second Filial Generation Domesticated Pearl Oyster
Pinctada maxima
after Selective Breeding
ZHANG Teng, YANG Chuangye, LIAO Yongshan, LI Junhui, DENG Yuewen
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24085
In order to investigate the growth performance of the second generation of pearl oyster
Pinctada maxima
after selective breeding, the second generation of the pearl oyster bred by the parents in Sanya, Hainan Province and cultivated for two consecutive generations of domestication were put into net bags and cultured in the sea area of Chengwu Village, Xuwen County, Leizhou Peninsula (N 20°34'07″, E 109°90'98″), the environmental indicators (water temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity and chlorophyll a concentration) were regularly monitored in the culture area, and the growth traits of the pearl oyster were measured. Growth models were constructed using General Von Bertalanffy, Logistic, Gompertz, and Special Von Bertalanffy models. Results showed that there were positive correlations between shell height and length absolute growth rate (
r
=0.918,
P
=0.001), and between absolute growth rate and water column chlorophyll a content (
r
=0.763,
P
=0.028). There was positive correlation (
r
=0.559,
P
=0.150) between the water column chlorophyll a concentration and the absolute growth rate of shell length. The absolute growth rates of shell length and shell height were inversely connected with water temperature indicators (
r
=-0.282,
P
=0.498;
r
=-0.275,
P
=0.509) and favorably correlated with indicators of dissolved oxygen in the water (
r
=0.296,
P
=0.477;
r
=0.338,
P
=0.413). The General Von Bertalanffy model was found to be best fitted the growth traits, with R-squared values exceeding 0.930 for all models, and particularly suited shell height (
r
2
=0.962) and length (
r
2
=0.956) increases in the second filial generation. The finding offers theoretical references for healthy cultivation and selective breeding of
P. maxima
, contributing to the advancement of pearl culture practices.
2025 Vol. 44 (3): 356-364 [
Abstract
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61
)
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365
Isolation and Identification of Bacteria in Phycospher from Microalga
Chaetoceros muelleri
and Growth Effect in a Bacterial-Algal Co-Culture System
HUANG Jin, GUO Yongjun, LIU Huiru, LIANG Shuang, LI Yongren, ZHANG Tao, WANG Donghao, NIE Yuxuan, LIANG Jian
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24096
E
piphytic bacteria will promote growth and the accumulation of nutrients in the microalgal cells. In order to construct the symbiosis system of
Chaetoceros muelleri
and establish the rapid and stable propagation technology of
C. muelleri
, 1 mL of concentrated bacterial solution was added to the basic algae solution of the co-culture system of
C. muelleri
at algal cell density of 4.16×10
5
cells/mL during the aseptic growth phase, and the total bacterial concentrations of 10
6
, 10
7
and 10
8
cfu/mL, respectively, and 1mL of NMB3 was added to the control group. The associated bacteria were isolated, identified using 16S rDNA and purified using the streak plate method. The changes in algal cell density, and chlorophyll-a content were monitored every 2 days during 10 days co-culture, and contents of dry weight, total polysaccharide, and total protein were determined on the 10th day. The results showed that two strains of epiphytic bacteria were isolated and identified from the
C. muelleri
culture medium, including strain M01
Algoriphagus marincola
, and strain M02
Halomonas piezotolerans
. Both strains led to increase in the biomass of
C. muelleri
in the co-culture system, and in elevated chlorophyll-a content of
C. muelleri
at concentrations of 10
6
cfu/mL and 10
7
cfu/mL for M01, with the maximal cell density (3.33×10
6
cells/mL) at a concentration of 10
8
cfu/mL throughout the entire culture period for M02 by the end of the culture, 19.28% higher than that in the control group (
P
<0.05). The chlorophyll-a content was found to be increased for M02 by 17.83%, reaching 3.51 μg/L (
P
>0.05). Both M01 and M02 resulted in improvement of accumulation of total protein in
C. muelleri
, with the maximal total protein content at 10
6
cfu/mL, 27.52% for M01 (
P
<0.05) and 11.39% for M02 (
P
>0.05) higher than that in the control group. However, both M01 and M02 did not significantly affect the dry weight or polysaccharide content of
C. muelleri
. In conclusion, the co-culture system with the two epiphytic bacterial strains improved both the growth efficiency and overall health of
C. muelleri
.
2025 Vol. 44 (3): 365-374 [
Abstract
] (
85
)
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375
Identification of Four Strains of Marine Red Yeasts and Effect of Strain CM6 on Growth of Juvenile Sea Cucumber
YE Bo, ZHAO Zhenjun, LIU Danni, WANG Xuda, YANG Boxue, DONG Ying, WANG Xiaoyue, LIU Guilin, ZHANG Qian, LI Shilei
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24043
In order to obtain the marine red yeast suitable for cultivation of sea cucumber
Apostichopus japonicus
, the morphological observation, biochemical analysis, molecular biology identification, determination of metabolite content and the effect of feeding the sea cucumber were carried out. The juvenile sea cucumber with body weight of (0.81±0.02) g were reared in a 720 mm×490 mm×380 mm aquarium at density of 50 individuals and fed the basic diet with a concentration of 10
7
cfu/g suspension CM6 yeast (test group), the basic diet containing marine red yeast CICC31029 (positive control group) and only the basic diet. The results showed that these strains of yeasts were belonged to
Rotorua mucilaginosa
, the strain CM6 exhibiting the best growth performance and the maximal contents of vitamin E, carotenoids and astaxanthin. By the 5th day of culture, the sea cucumber in the test group had 2.8 times higher biomass than those in the control group, and 22.3% and 71.6% higher contents of vitamin E and astaxanthin than those in the blank control group and positive control group, respectively. There were significant increase in specific growth rate and digestive enzyme activities in the test group and positive control group than those in the blank control group (
P
<0.05). Meanwhile, different qualities of
Rotorua mucilaginosa
had different effects on the growth performance of juvenile sea cucumber. The increase in specific growth rate by 25.7% and in the activities of amylase and trypsin in the intestines to some extent were observed in the juvenile sea cucumber in the test group compared with the positive control group, which might be involved in CM6 containing more active metabolites in the test group. The findings indicate that addition of an appropriate amount of yeast CM6 to the feed leads to increase the digestive enzyme activity and specific growth rate of juvenile sea cucumber.
2025 Vol. 44 (3): 375-384 [
Abstract
] (
75
)
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385
Comparative Analysis of Photovoltaic Fishery Breeding Ponds Based on Ecopath Model
GUO Zeyu, LIU Xingguo, CHEN Zhe, YUAN Zehui, LU Shimin
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24094
In order to quantitatively analyze the energy flow characteristics in the pond systems of fishery and photovoltaic aquaculture, energy flow characteristics were measured in the pond systems of fishing photovoltaic greenhouse and photovoltaic fishery pond in Chongming District, Shanghai (N 121°49', E 31°33') from June 2023 to January 2024. Based on the measured data, the energy flow characteristics were analyzed in the two photovoltaic fishery ponds using Ecopath with Ecosim 6.5 software. The results showed that the main energy flow ways was found to be the grazing food chain in the photovoltaic fishery pond system, with the maximum effective trophic level (ETL) of 2.448, and to be the saprophytic food chain in the fishing photovoltaic greenhouse system, with the maximum ETL of 2.446. There was the maximal ecotrophic efficiency (EE) of 0.95 for phytoplankton in the photovoltaic fishery pond, and the maximal EE of 0.93 for Pacific white shrimp
Litopenaeus vannamei
in the fishing photovoltaic greenhouse, with food conversion ratio of 1.32 and 1.03, respectively. The zooplankton had EE values of less than 0.5 in both fishery photovoltaic pond and the fishing photovoltaic greenhouse, indicating that zooplankton cannot be effectively utilized by the systems, with low EE. The ecological niche overlap analysis revealed that the predator overlap index in the two ponds was similar, but the relatively high prey overlap index in the fishery photovoltaic pond, indicating that greater predation pressure from the predator in the fishery photovoltaic pond. Wholly, fishery photovoltaic pond was superior to the fishing photovoltaic greenhouse in terms of system maturity, with high development potential in both systems. The diversity of the system and the stability of the ecosystem can be improved by change in the breeding variety or addition of functional groups.
2025 Vol. 44 (3): 385-393 [
Abstract
] (
75
)
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394
Analysis of Feeding Habits of
Mystus guttatus
Based on DNA Macro Barcode Technology
MENG Qingmi, YANG Li, MA Lan, YAO Junjie, MO Xianyi, CHEN Jiwei
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24036
In order to understand the feeding habits of
Mystus guttatus
, food composition and feeding selectivity were analyzed in 9 samples of
M. guttatus
randomly collected from the river channel in Luodian County, Guizhou Province and in water samples on July 18, 2023 by DNA metabarcoding analysis technology, using 18S rDNA V4 region as a molecular marker for amplification. The results showed that 14 phyla were identified in the gastric contents of the
M. guttatus
, including Arthropoda, Chordata, Rotifera, Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, Ciliophora, Cercozoa, Streptophyta, Imbricatea, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Gastrotricha, Annelida and Haptista, with the maximal relative abundance for Arthropoda in the gastric contents of the
Mystus guttatus
, followed by the Chordata. However, the maximal relative abundance was found in
Barbus
in the Chordata, followed by
Brachionus
in the Rotifera and
Sinodiaptomus
in the Arthropoda based on genus level. The
M. guttatus
had the maximal active feeding selectivity towards the Chordata, with high feeding preference for the phyla of Cercozoa, Rotifera, and Bacillariophyta, and random feeding in the Ciliophora, Arthropoda, and Chlorophyta, indicating that the
M. guttatus
is a benthic carnivorous fish, and that main food source comes from the Chordata and Arthropoda. From a genus perspective, the main food sources were showed to be
Barbus
in fish in the Chordata and the crustaceans in the Arthropoda, including
Sinodiaptomus
and
Macrobrachium.
Arthropoda was a readily available food and Chordata was a favorite food. Therefore, the selection of food habits by
M. guttatus
was influenced by two factors: the availability and preference of food in the water environment.
2025 Vol. 44 (3): 394-402 [
Abstract
] (
51
)
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(7379 KB) (
25
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403
Growth and Quality Traits of Low-Copper Strains of Fujian Oyster
TANG Hongning, ZHANG Hong, QUE Huayong, GONG Shihai, SHI Bo
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24074
In order to investigate the quality traits including growth traits, mineral and glycogen contents of Fujian oyster
Crassostrea angulata
, three consecutive generations of population breeding were bred, and the female and male low-copper content breeding oyster lines were selected by 20% selection pressure, and the low-copper F
3
generation breeding lines were obtained after selective breeding, and then the Fujian oyster in self-propagation group and the ordinary breeding population of the oyster were ordinarily conducted in the oyster culture area of Zhao'an Bay, Fujian Province. The attached and metamorphosis juveniles were transferred to Hui'an area of Quanzhou for further culture for 3 months, and then transferred to cage culture in Liu'ao and Lianjiang areas of Fujian Province, and compared with ordinary breeding groups. The growth traits and quality traits were detected including contents of glycogen, minerals, and protein in 6, 9 and 12 months old Fujian oyster. The results showed that the low-copper and common Fujian oyster had copper (Cu) content from 114.24 to 750.50 μg/g and 146.56 to 981.04 μg/g, respectively, with zinc (Zn) content from 482.84 to 1 786.73 μg/g and 584.91 to 2 123.09 μg/g, and the cadmium (Cd) content from 1.77 to 4.18 μg/g and 1.87 to 4.70 μg/g, respectively. Significant differences in the accumulation of Cu, Zn, and Cd were observed between the common and low-copper groups in both sea areas (
P
<0.05), with differences in Cu content between the two groups ranging from 1.2 to 2.3 times, and Zn content differences ranging from 1.2 to 1.7 times. However, there were no significant differences in growth traits, minerals except for Cu, Zn, and Cd, glycogen, lipids, total protein, or ash contents between the two groups (
P
>0.05), indicating that the low-copper strains had both significant reduce in Cu accumulation capacity and significant changes in Zn and Cd accumulation. There were no significant differences in growth and quality traits compared to the common cultured populations. The findings contribute to deeper understanding of the mechanisms of metal accumulation in shellfish and provide essential data for the genetic improvement of copper accumulation traits in the oyster and the application of new breeding lines.
2025 Vol. 44 (3): 403-411 [
Abstract
] (
64
)
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100
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412
Polymorphism of Oral Arm Quantities in Jellyfish
Rhopilema esculentum
TIAN Meilin, LI Yunfeng, LI Yulong, BAO Xiangbo, LIU Weidong, CHEN Bailing, ZHOU Zunchun
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24130
As an important marine cultural species in China, jellyfish
Rhopilema esculentum
usually existed with eight oral-arm forms, while few individuals as ten or twelve oral arms, exhibited phenotype polymorphisms. This study utilized full-sib family construction and ecological experiment methods, observed and analyzed the tentacle, marginal lobe and oral arm quantities and the law of development in multiple oral arm full-sib family (parental individuals with more than eight oral arms) group A and eight oral arm full-sib family group B of scyphistoma, ephyrae and juvenile jellyfish for tentacle, marginal-lobe and oral-arm quantities separately. The results showed that under the same cultivation conditions, scyphistoma with more than 8 tentacles accounted for 25.00% in group A and 8.13% in group B, ephyrae with more than 8 marginal lobe take up 24.93% in group A and 8.25% in group B, juvenile jellyfish with more than 8 oral arms accounted for 9.50% in group A and 2.04% in group B, exhibited significant discrepancy between the two groups in all three periods (
P
＜0.05). From scyphistoma to juvenile jellyfish, tentacle and marginal lobe quantity were double down, except eight and twelve marginal lobe ephyraes, the marginal lobe and oral arm quantity of the other individuals differentiated. The correlation analysis results indicated a strong correlation between the number of tentacles and juvenile oral arms (
P
＜0.001). From scyphistoma to juvenile jellyfish, the survival rate was found to be 89.33% in group A and 89.02% in group B, with no significant difference (
P
＞0.05). The findings facilitated the following developmental biological and genetic researches, and provided valuable basis of target phenotype and time node in multi-oral-arm jellyfish breeding.
2025 Vol. 44 (3): 412-420 [
Abstract
] (
53
)
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9
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421
Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Coastal Surface Sediments in the Eastern Guangdong Province
WANG Jinpeng, LIU Xiaowei, ZHANG Wucai, TU Huawei, LAI Qiuyu, GUO Canbin, SUN Kexin, RONG Nan, ZHU Jialiang, REN Xiuwen
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24103
The contents and particle sizes of chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn), as well as total organic carbon (TOC) and particle size were determined in 16 undisturbed 0—2 cm surface sediments in Zhelin Bay, Shantou Bay, Guangao Bay and the waters outside the bay (E 116.61°—117.22°, N 23.15°—23.59°) in the eastern Guangdong Sea in September 2021 by conventional standard methods, and the spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals (including metalloid) were invested. The relationship between spatial distribution of heavy metals (including metalloid) and the controlled factors in the environment were analyzed by correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). The potential ecological risk levels of sediments were evaluated by combination of Geo-accumulation index and Hakanson's potential ecological risk index. The results showed that the contents of the heavy metals (including metalloid) in the surveyed area sediments were found to be 0.0120—0.0890 mg/kg for
Hg, 6.9—15.6 mg/kg for As, 24.9—87.2 mg/kg for Cr, 5.4—44.6 mg/kg for Cu, 37—169 mg/kg for Zn, 0.05—0.32 mg/kg for Cd and 22.7—69.8 mg/kg for Pb. There were higher contents of heavy metals (including metalloid) were in the bay than those outside the bay. The correlation analysis revealed that there was significant correlations between contents of Hg, As, Cu, Zn, Pb and clay and sand (
P
<0.05), indicating that the distribution of heavy metals (including metalloid) was mainly controlled by sediment grain size. There was no significant correlation between heavy metals (including metalloid) and TOC, indicating that the distribution of heavy metals (including metalloid) was less affected by TOC. The Cu, Cr and Zn were relatively clustered in the distribution of PCA scores, indicating that they had the same or similar source(s). Overall, most of the sediments from the coast of eastern Guangdong Province met the Class Ⅰ sediment standard and were all below the Class Ⅱ standard limit, showing low to moderate ecological risk, with the heavy potential ecological risk in the bay, and low to medium outside the bay.
2025 Vol. 44 (3): 421-431 [
Abstract
] (
44
)
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(1 KB)
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(12788 KB) (
7
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432
Changes in Mouth Size and Feeding Effect of Formulated Feeds in Chinese Horseshoe Crab
Tachypleus tridentatus
with Different Instars
ZHONG Yunmin, HE Zeji, WENG Zhaohong, XIE Yangjie, LI Kunyue, PAN Jingxuan, CHEN Zhi, ZHOU Honglei
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24050
In order to explore the correlation between moth size and growth of cephalothorax width in Chinese horseshoe crab
Tachypleus tridentatus
and the development of formulated feed for juvenile horseshoe crabs, the correlation between mouth size and cephalothorax width was analyzed in 1—10 instar horseshoe crab. Meanwhile, three kinds of formulated diets were prepared with silkworm powder, clam flesh meal or fish meal as protein sources, 1∶1 fish oil and lecithin as fat sources, and potato starch as carbohydrate sources, and fed to the 7th instar horseshoe crabs with cephalothorax width of (28.15±1.20) mm and body weight of (1.76±0.24) g to evaluate the effects of these diets on the growth performance of the Chinese horseshoe crab. In the control group, the Chinese horseshoe crab was fed sand silkworm
Perinereis
sp. and Manila clam
Ruditapes philippinarum
. The results showed a high degree of fit (
r
2
>0.9) and a highly significant correlation (
P
<0.01) between the logarithmic values of the mouth length and width and the logarithmic width of the cephalothorax width in a linear regression equation. There was a positive growth relationship between the mouth length and the cephalothorax width (
b
=1.172) and an isometric growth relationship between the mouth width and the cephalothorax width (
b
=1.064). The Chinese horseshoe crab fed sand silkworm nereid and sand silkworm powder diet had specific growth rates of 0.94% and 0.81% respectively, with average molting rates of 100% and 73.33%, significantly higher than those in Chinese horseshoe crab fed Manila clam, Manila clam powder diet, and fish meal feed. In conclusion, the mouth size shows an allometric growth relationship with the cephalothorax width, while the growth rate of mouth length exceeded that of mouth width. The sand silkworm and the compound feed containing sand silkworm ingredients led to significant growth and molting promotion effects on Chinese horseshoe crab juveniles. The findings provide reference for the composition selection and particle size determination of the formulated feed for the subsequent large-scale culturing of juvenile Chinese horseshoe crab.
2025 Vol. 44 (3): 432-441 [
Abstract
] (
42
)
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(1 KB)
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(3533 KB) (
11
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442
Optimization of Culture Conditions for Amplification of Female Gametophytes in
Saccharina sculpera
LI Yan, CHEN Shuxiu, TIAN Pingping, WU Ruina, SAI Shan, LI Xiaojie
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24119
In order to inhibit the parthenogenesis of female gametophytes in
Saccharina sculpera
under conventional culture conditions of 10 ℃, light intensity of 3000—4000 lx, available nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of 10 mg/L and 1 mg/L, the female gametophytes of the seaweed filtered through a 60 μm sieve were evenly poured into a Petri dish with a diameter of 9 cm at temperatures of 5, 8, 12, 15 and 20 ℃, the light intensity of 500. 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 lx, NaNO
3
-N concentration from 0.1 to 10.0 mg/L and KH
2
PO
4
-P concentration from 0.01 to 1.00 mg/L, aiming to improve the growth rate of female gametophytes and thus to inhibit parthenogenesis by adjusting the environmental conditions. The results showed that there were significant effects of light intensity, temperature, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and nitrogen source on the growth of female gametophytes in
S. sculpera
the seaweed. The parthenogenesis was found to be inhibited at 15 ℃, with significantly higher relative growth rate than that in other groups. The relative growth rate of female gametophytes was decreased, and the number of sporophytes produced by parthenogenesis increased significantly with the increase in light intensity. The maximal relative growth rate of female gametophytes was observed at 1000 lx, with significantly less sporophytes per unit area (1 cm
2
) than that in high light intensity groups (2000—4000 lx). The maximal relative growth rate (9.25%) and no parthenogenesis were found in the female gametophyte exposed to concentration of 1 mg/L in N and 0.1 mg/L in P. More and more branches in the clusters of female gametophyte cells were observed in NaNO
3
and CH
4
N
2
O groups, with fewer branches of cells clustered into clusters and significantly higher relative growth rates in the other three groups. Therefore,
S.sculpera
grows fastest and is not prone to parthenogenesis under the conditions of white light, 1000 lx, 24 h/d, 15 ℃, 1.0 mg/L in N and 0.10 mg/L in P, and NaNO
3
and CH
4
N
2
O as nitrogen source.
2025 Vol. 44 (3): 442-449 [
Abstract
] (
33
)
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(1 KB)
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(3193 KB) (
8
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450
Effects of Temperature, Salinity, pH and Substrate on Burrowing Rate of Juvenile Japanese Geoduck
Panopea japonica
XIAO Jiaxin, LI Jiaxi, GUO Jianbao, LU Yanfeng, CHEN Yingxu, DING Jianfeng, GAO Zhiying, LIU Yang, HUO Zhongming
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24126
To understand the effects of environmental factors on the burrowing behavior of juvenile Japanese geoduck
Panopea japonica
, the Japanese geoduck with shell length of (2.00±0.05) mm was placed in a white tank of 30 cm× 20 cm×15 cm with water depth of 5 cm at water temperatures of 16 ℃, 18 ℃, 20 ℃, 22 ℃ or 24 ℃, salinity of 22, 25, 28, 31 or 34 adjusted by adding sea crystal and fresh water, pH of 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0 or 10.0 regulated by HCl and NaOH, and the bottom of the tank covered with 5 cm thick sea sediment with a particle size of (0.250±0.125) mm, and the ratio of sand: mud = all sand, 3∶1, 2∶1, 1∶1 or all mud. The differences in burrowing rate were observed under different temperature, salinity, pH and substrate conditions. The results showed that there was significantly lower burrowing rate at 16 ℃ and in 5 minutes than that in 10 minutes and 30 minutes (
P
<0.05); significantly higher at 22 ℃ and 24 ℃ and in 10 minutes than that in 10 minutes at 16 ℃ (
P
<0.05), and significantly lower in 30 minutes at 16 ℃ than that in 30 minutes at 18 ℃, 22 ℃, and 24 ℃ (
P
<0.05). The burrowing rate was shown to be significantly lower in 5 minutes under salinities of 22 and 25 than that in 10 minutes and 30 minutes under salinity of 25 and 28 (
P
<0.05); significantly lower in 5 minutes, 10 minutes, and 30 minutes than the corresponding values under other salinity conditions (
P
<0.05), and 100% at 30 minutes at a salinity of 28, significantly higher than 30 minutes at a salinity of 34 (
P
<0.05). Under pH 6, significantly higher burrowing rate was observed in 30 minutes than in 5 minutes (
P
<0.05); the descending order of burrowing rate in 5 minutes and 10 minutes under different pH conditions was described as pH 8>pH 9>pH 7>pH 6>pH 10, and pH 8, pH 9>pH 7>pH 6>pH 10 at 30 minutes. Under different substrates, the maximal burrowing rate was found at 5 minutes, 10 minutes, and 30 minutes in the all-sand group and the minimal in the all-mud group (
P
<0.05). Principal component analysis showed that salinity and the sand-to-mud ratio of the substrate were the main factors affecting the burrowing behavior of Japanese geoduck, with some extent impact for pH. Juvenile Japanese geoduck were most suitable for burrowing under salinity of 28－31, pH 8－9, water temperatures of 18－20 ℃, and substrates with a sediment particle size of 0.25 mm.
2025 Vol. 44 (3): 450-456 [
Abstract
] (
56
)
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(1 KB)
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(8279 KB) (
17
)
457
Development of an Inactivated
Aeromonas salmonicida
Vaccine for Turbot
Scophthalmus maximus
SHENG Dong, REN Xu, LI Fei, HUANG Luxi, LIU Yuxiao, YU Qinghua, ZHOU Weijia, YE Shigen, GUO Zhixin
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24052
To prevent furunculosis in turbot
Scophthalmus maximus
, pathogenic bacterium
Aeromonas salmonicida
(DLPJC01) was inactivated with formaldehyde in the bacterial solution with a volume fraction of 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.20%, 0.30% and 0.40%, and its safety was tested to prepare an inactivated vaccine. Subsequently, the healthy turbot with body weight of (95.5±9.7) g were divided into 4 groups, with 30 individuals in each group, and intraperitoneally injected with the inactivated vaccine (vaccine group), equal volume of normal saline (control group), chito-oligosaccharide and inactivated vaccine + chito-oligosaccharide, respectively. After 14 days of immunization, 10
9
cfu/mL of
A. salmonicide
was injected into the turbot to calculate the relative immune protection rate. The content of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and the activities of lysozyme (LZM) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in turbot serum were detected, and the expression of immune-related genes (TLR2, TLR7, and MyD88) in muscle and liver tissues was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. There were significant increase in IgM and upregulation of MyD88, TLR2, and TLR7 in the vaccine group after 14 days (
P
<0.05), with peak IgM, and activities of LZM, and SOD in chitooligosaccharide groupd at 14 days. Immune protection rates were found to be 0% in the control group, 100% in the vaccine group, and 88.89% in both the chitooligosaccharide group and the vaccine + chitooligosaccharide group. An inactivated
A. salmonicidal
vaccine was successfully developed for turbot, which is significant for preventing furunculosis.
2025 Vol. 44 (3): 457-464 [
Abstract
] (
55
)
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(1 KB)
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(1392 KB) (
27
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465
Isolation, Identification and Whole Genome Analysis of
Pseudomonas putida
Strain Isolated from Diseased Turbot
Scophthalmus maximus
ZHAO Xiaowei, XU Hanzhi, HUANG Hua, ZHANG Jianbai, HE Jiabei, ZHANG Lan, ZHUANG Yanwen, WANG He
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24010
This study aims to determine and characterize the pathogen of the diseased turbot
Scophthalmus maximus
in a farm in Yantai, Shandong Province. The suspicious pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the diseased turbot and identified combined with morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical tests, and 16S rRNA sequence. The artificial infection tests, drug sensitivity tests, and whole-genome sequencing were then carried out for the isolates. The results showed the strains of gram-negative brevibacterium was isolated from the liver, kidney, and spleen tissues of 5 diseased turbot with symptoms of abdominal distension and inflamed anus, which was motile, negative for VP reaction and methyl red reaction, and positive for nitrate reduction reaction and oxidase reaction. It was identified as
Pseudomonas putida
through sequencing comparison and named as D2. The strains had median lethal concentration(LD
50
) of 8.13×10
7
cfu/mL. D2 were sensitive to twelve antibiotics (such as quinolones, and aminoglycosides) and resistant to seven antibiotics (such as penicillin, and ampicillin). The full-length genome of strain D2 is 6.32 Mb, with G+C content accounting for 62.0%, and a total of 5878 genes were predicted. In previous studies, 947 proteins related to cell adhesion, iron absorption, and secretion functions had been identified. Previous studies had shown that the D2 strain carried resistance to various antibiotics, including quinolones and polymyxins. Based on the preliminary work, this project plans to further analyze the pathogenic mechanism of
Pseudomonas putida
on farmed turbot, predict its pathogenic factors and resistance genes, and provide scientific basis for the rational use of doxycycline hydrochloride in aquaculture. This study has important practical significance for the prevention and control of this disease.
2025 Vol. 44 (3): 465-475 [
Abstract
] (
66
)
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(4757 KB) (
13
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476
Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Polypropylene on Growth and Antioxidant System of Green Alga
Dunaliella salinas
JIANG Qingqing, GAO Jinwei, LIU Hongtao, JIANG Zhifei, ZHANG Wenhui, ZHANG Rui, WANG Yuqing, ZHANG Dan, JIA Xuying, DOU Yong, SHAO Peng, XIA Sudong, QIU Qi, ZHOU Wenli
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24061
To explore the toxic effect of microplastic particle pollution on marine microalgae, green alga
Dunaliella salinas
at early exponential growth stage were exposed to polypropylene at concentration of 0 mg/L (control group), 25 mg/L, 50 mg/L and 100 mg/L at (26±1) ℃, photoperiod of 12 h L∶12 h D and light intensity of 6000 lx in an incubator for 6 days. The growth, photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and antioxidant activity in
D. salinas
were determined in a laboratory to reveal the ecophysiological effects of polypropylene on
D. salinas
. The results showed that polypropylene stress had a significant impact on the growth, photosynthetic pigment content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and antioxidant-related indicators in
D. salina
(
P
<0.05), with significantly reduces in 6 days of polypropylene exposure (
P
<0.05), especially the cells in 100 mg/L group decreased in density significatly compared to the control group. There was an enhanced inhibitory effect on the growth of
D. salina
as the concentration of polypropylene increased, with decrease in the relative growth rate of algal cells significantly under the concentration of 50 mg/L and 100 mg/L polypropylene exposure (
P
<0.05). The content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and total photosynthetic pigments were shown to be decreased significantly in the green alga exposed to polypropylene (
P
<0.05), with significantly decrease in the total photosynthetic pigments in the 50 mg/L group and 100 mg/L group compared to the control group. The upregulation of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT) and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) activities, as well as the accumulation content of malondialdehyde (MDA) demonstrated that polypropylene posed oxidative damage to
D.salina.
These findings show that polypropylene can affect the growth and photosynthesis of
D. salina
. Facilitating enzymes related to antioxidant systems, such as superoxide dismutase and catalase, enhanced the tolerance of
D. salina
to polypropylene.
2025 Vol. 44 (3): 476-483 [
Abstract
] (
40
)
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(1 KB)
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(3537 KB) (
10
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484
Age and Growth of Yalu Sleeper
Odontobutis yaluens
in Liaoning Province
DUAN Youjian, LUO Xiaonian, HAN Muxuan, LI Wenkang, LIN Shaoqing
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24083
In order to describe and infer the growth characteristics of fish and reduce the selection error of the model effectively, the growth characteristics
were investigated in 204 samples of Yalu sleeper
Odontobutis yaluens
collected from the upper reaches of Taizi River and Biliu River in the Yalu River system in Liaoning Province from August 2018 to January 2019 by traps with mesh size of 1.5 cm and electric fish machine by information theory and age identification via otolith. The results showed that the Yalu sleeper had simple age structure, consisting of only 3 age classes, 2 age classes in female and 3 age classes in male. Through the construction of growth equation, the weight coefficients of Akaike information were found to be 0.019 in estimated progressive equation growth model, 0.086 in linear equation model and 0.895 in power function mode. Since the weight coefficient corresponding to the power growth model was much higher than the estimated value of the other two alternative models, it was not necessary to calculate the average growth model. The power growth model was the optimal model to describe the growth characteristics of Yalu sleeper, and the growth equation was expressed as
L
t
=69.7+1.439
t
3.688
. The findings provide basic data for the research of population dynamics and fishery management policies of Yalu sleeper and reducing fishing intensity and conserving the resources of Yalu sleeper and other indigenous fish are suggested.
2025 Vol. 44 (3): 484-489 [
Abstract
] (
48
)
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(1 KB)
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(1632 KB) (
69
)
Overview and Specific Topic
490
A Review: Advance Research on Toxic Effects of Heavy Metals on Shrimp
XU Chi, XIAN Jian'an, GUO Hui, ZHANG Xiuxia, ZHANG Zelong, ZHENG Peihua, LI Juntao, LU Yaopeng
2025 Vol. 44 (3): 490-502 [
Abstract
] (
68
)
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(1 KB)
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(1133 KB) (
45
)
503
Thermal Insulation Materials and Technologies for Industrialized Aquaculture: Research Progress and Prospect
WANG Xian, WU Gang, LIU Suping, SUN Wei, SHEN Lu, ZHAO Chenxu, REN Xiaozhong
2025 Vol. 44 (3): 503-510 [
Abstract
] (
70
)
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(1 KB)
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(4153 KB) (
48
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