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  • 月刊，1984年创刊
    主 管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
    主 办：包头医学院
    主 编：赵云山
    特邀主编：高长青
    编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
    国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
    国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
    邮发代号：16-292
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2025 Vol. 44, No. 4
Published: 2025-07-25
Research and Application
Overview and Specific Topi
 
       Research and Application
511 Effect of Seawater Acidification on Digestion and Immunity of Bastard Halibut Paralichthys olivaceus
CHANG Yifan, XUE Jiaxin, LIANG Guangyan, ZHANG Zelin, WEN Jin, YUAN Jun, YU Xiaoming, CHEN Lei
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24136
To investigate the effects of seawater acidification on activities of digestive enzymes and immune enzymes and gene expressions in bastard halibut Paralichthys olivaceus, juvenile bastard halibut with body weight of (2.16±0.34) g were reared in a glass tank (1.0 m×0.7 m×0.7 m) in the Key Laboratory of Northern Marine Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University for 49 d under natural light and water temperature of (19.00±1.50) ℃. CO2 was added to the seawater to keep the pH at 7.90, 7.70, 7.50 and 7.30, and natural seawater (pH 8.10) were used as the control group. The activities and genes expression levels of pepsin (PES) and trypsin (TRS) in stomach, lipase (LPS) in intestine, catalase (CAT), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) in muscle were determined at the end of the feeding trail. The results showed that the activities of PES, TRS, ACP, ALP, CAT, and T-SOD) were decreased with decreasing pH in Paralichthys olivaceus, with increase in LPS with decreasing pH and without significant differences in the activities of TES, TRS, LPS, ACP, and T-SOD compared to the control group from day 1 to day 14 in pH 7.50 and pH 7.30 groups(P>0.05).There were significantly lower (or higher) activities of the above enzymes than those in the control group from day 35 to day 49 (P<0.05); ALP and CAT activities were significantly lower (or higher) than those in the control group during the experiment (P<0.05). During the experiment, the minimal activities were observed 8.75 U/g in PES, 138.81 U/g in TRS, 0.009 U/g prot in ACP, 0.019 U/g in ALP, and 17.46 U/g in SOD at the 49 day in the pH 7.30 group. The maximal activity (14.534 U/g) of LPS was found in the pH 7.30 group at 49 days. The relative expression levels of digestive genes prss1 and cpa4, as well as immune genes pik3r5 and cxcl8a were found to be decreased in the muscles with decreasing pH, significantly lower than those in the control group from 35 to 49 days (P<0.05), indicating that the digestive enzyme and immune enzyme activities, as well as the expression of digestive and immune genes, of P. olivaceus are significantly affected by high-intensity acidification environment. Therefore, seawater acidification environment will affect the stability of P. olivaceus population in natural sea areas.
2025 Vol. 44 (4): 511-522 [Abstract] ( 128 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (7029 KB)  ( 38 )
523 Influence of Bacterial and Algal Regulation on Water Quality in Aquaculture and Growth of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
MENG Gao, CHEN Zhao, CHANG Zhiqiang, WANG Yuzhen, LI Jian
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.22072
In order to probe the effects of beneficial algae and bacteria on the culture of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, the juvenile shrimp with body weight of 1.83 g were reared in 100 L white barrels.containing beneficial algae (Chaetoceros muelleri, Chlorella vulgaris, and Phaeodactylum tricornutum), beneficial bacteria (Bacillus polymyxa, B. subtilis and B. pumilus) and a 1∶1 mixture of bacteria and algae in the water to final concentration of 4.0×104 cell/mL, with the culture group without beneficial algae and bacteria as the control group. The physical and chemical indices of water quality were monitored in each group, the diversity of microbial community in the water environment was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing, and the growth performances of shrimp and the activity of immune-related enzymes were observed. The results showed that ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, active phosphate and chemical oxygen demand were effectively removed in the aquaculture water of Pacific white shrimp in the three treatment groups (reduced by 95.61%, 65.86% and 51.45%) compared with the control group, the best removal effect on ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and chemical oxygen demand in the beneficial algae group. The best removal effect on active phosphate(89.94%) was observed in the beneficial bacteria group, lower than that in the control group. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that the absolute dominant bacteria in each treatment group were found to be Rhodobacteraceae, with the relative abundance of 43.30% in the beneficial bacteria group, 48.66% in the beneficial algae group, 73.03% in the mixed bacteria and algae group, and 66.87% in the control group. The addition of beneficial bacteria and beneficial algae led to increase the diversity of microbial communities and to change the microbial community structure (P<0.05). The addition of beneficial bacteria was shown to significantly increase the relative abundance of Bacillaceae in the beneficial bacteria group (3.69%) (P<0.05). The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lysozyme (LZM) in shrimp in the three treatment groups were shown to be increased to varying extents, and to promote the growth of shrimp, with significantly higher enzyme activity and growth of shrimp in the beneficial algae group and the beneficial bacteria group than those in the mixed group and the control group (P<0.05). The findings indicate that addition of beneficial algae and beneficial bacteria can improve the water environment and the growth of shrimp as a feasible scheme for the regulation of shrimp aquaculture environment.
2025 Vol. 44 (4): 523-533 [Abstract] ( 83 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (8330 KB)  ( 32 )
534 Effects of Filamentous Alga Chaetomorpha valida Degradation on Aquaculture Water Quality, and Growth and Immunity of Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus
WANG Xin, XING Ronglian, ZHANG Hongxia, LIU Chuyao, WANG Linqian, LIU Renyu, CHEN Lihong, XU Xiaoguang, CAO Xuebin, CHENG Cao, SU Qun
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24143
To investigate the ecological effects of the degradation of filamentous alga Chaetomorpha valida on the growth and immune response of sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus, an indoor cultivation experiment imitating sea cucumber was conducted. sea cucumber were reared in natural seawater (control group) and 150 g (wet weight) of frozen death filamentous alga C. valida (alga treatment group) for 20 d at water temperature of (17.0±0.5) ℃. The immune indices including activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde contents were determined in the body wall and intestine of the sea cucumber as well as the physicochemical indices in water on the 0th, 5th, 10th, 15th and 20th days of the culture. The resulted showed that the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen were significantly elevated in the alga treatment group compared to the control group (P<0.05) during the C. valida degradation process, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and total antioxidant capacity were shown significantly higher in the body wall and intestine than that in the control group from 0 d to 10 d in degradation (P<0.05). The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase showed a decreasing trend, and both activities were significantly lower in the algal treatment group than those in the control group(P<0.05) from 15 d to 20 d. During the degradation process of C. valida, the sea cucumber had growth rate of 0.18%/d, significantly lower than the sea cucumber in the control group did (P<0.05). The levels of malondialdehyde were found to be gradually increased in the body wall and intestines of sea cucumber. The ecological effects caused by the degradation of C. valida led to reduce the growth rate of sea cucumber and to damage their immune system. The findings provide new theoretical support and basis for the healthy breeding and scientific management of A. japonicus.
2025 Vol. 44 (4): 534-543 [Abstract] ( 52 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (13984 KB)  ( 12 )
544 Correlation and Path Analysis of Morphological Traits on Body Weight in Different Populations of Pearl Oyster Pinctada fucata martensii
BAI Ke, ZHANG Xingzhi, GUAN Junliang, HE Pingping, WEI Pinyuan, ZHANG Li, LI Wei, ZHENG Yusi, CHEN Yongxian, HU Na, PENG Jinxia, ZHU Peng
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24135
To investigate the effects of shell morphological traits on body weight traits in different populations of pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii and to provide theoretical basis for selective breeding, three shell morphological traits including shell height (h), shell length (L), shell width (b) and two body weight traits including soft body weight (m1) and live body weight (m2) were measured in the cultured, nucleated, and wild populations of pearl oyster. The relationships between shell morphological traits and body weight traits were analyzed using multiple regression, correlation, and path analysis across various populations. There were significant differences in soft body weight and shell width index(P＜0.05)among the three populations, especially, with the maximal soft body weight of 26.05％ in the cultured population, and the maximal shell width index of 0.154 in the nucleated pearl oyster population. Correlation coefficients between shell height, shell length, and shell width to soft body weight and live body weight were shown to be significantly correlated(P＜0.05)across all three populations. Shell height was identified as the primary determinant of soft body weight in all populations. In the case of the nucleated pearl oyster population, shell width was the main factor affecting live body weight. Shell height was found to be the predominant factor influencing live body weight in both the cultured and wild populations. Optimal regression equations were expressed as: the cultured population m1 =-14.230+ 0.312h+0.041L+0.051b, the cultured population m2 =-37.893+0.926h+0.094L+0.183b; the nucleus insertion population m1 =-6.044+0.016h+0.213b, the nucleus insertion population m2 =-23.324+0.254h +0.634L+0.306b; the wild population m1 =-27.035+0.258h+0.643b, the wild population m2 =-154.107+ 0.990h+0.718L+3.740b using multiple regression analysis for the quantitative traits of pearl oyster in different populations. The findings provide reference with selective breeding of growth traits in P. fucata martensii.
2025 Vol. 44 (4): 544-552 [Abstract] ( 60 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1088 KB)  ( 21 )
553 Transcriptome Difference Analysis of Body Wall in Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus in Response to High-Temperature Stress
SUN Hongjuan, JIANG Jingwei, SONG Gang, CHEN Zhong, GUAN Xiaoyan, GAO Shan, WANG Bai, JIANG Pingzhe, LI Peipei, YUE Dongmei, XIAO Yao, PAN Yongjia, JIANG Bing, DONG Ying
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24090
In order to explore the regulatory mechanism of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus in response to high temperature stress, transcriptome sequencing analysis was conducted in the body wall in the sea cucumber with body weight of (5.0±0.6) g exposed to water temperature of 30 ℃ raising from 24 ℃ at a rate of 1 ℃/h (high temperature group) and of 24 ℃ (control group). Transcriptome comparison revealed that there were 2920 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the body wall o fthe juvenile between the high-temperature group and the control group, including 1342 up-regulated expression genes and 1578 down-regulated expression genes. KEGG analysis showed that the DEGs were found to be significantly enriched in ribosome, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, pathogen interaction, glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. The distribution of up and down regulated genes in signaling pathways showed that the signal transduction activity was increased, with decrease in the protein translation activity, increase in the folding and processing activity of existing proteins, and decrease in overall energy metabolism in the juvenile exposed to high-temperature stress. The expression levels of five genes were detected in control group and high-temperature group by quantitative real time PCR, with correlation coefficient R of 0.87, indicating that the results of transcriptome sequencing were reliable. In response to high-temperature stress, the high expression of HSP90β and HSP70A/B2 genes promoted the correct folding of protein and enhance the heat resistance, via increase in protein folding and processing. Protein translation and energy consumption were shown to be decreased, which is a strategy to maintain homeostasis and protect from injury in juvenile. Screening single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) on mRNAs associated with high-temperature stress is beneficial for the development of molecular markers and breeding of new heat-resistant varieties in A. japonicus.
2025 Vol. 44 (4): 553-561 [Abstract] ( 62 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (9377 KB)  ( 26 )
562 Microbial Community Structure and Influencing Factors at the Bottom Mud of White Snakehead Channa argus Culture Ponds
XIONG Zhaodi, ZHUO Ting, FAN Wei, JIAO Xiaolei, XIA Feihong, SU Jian
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24179
In order to understand the structural characteristics of the microbial community in the bottom mud in culture ponds of white snakehead Channa argus and relationship with the environmental factors in the bottom mud, the characteristics of the bottom mud flora of 7 white snakehead culture ponds in Dongxing District, Neijiang City, Sichuan Province were analyzed on April 28, 2023, by high-throughput sequencing technology. The associations between environment variables and the micorbial assemblage were analyzed by Person correlation analysis and redundancy (RDA). The results showed that the sediment was slightly alkaline, and the contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were 4.73 and 2.58 times of that in the environmental background values of Sichuan Province, respectively. A total of 2915 OTUs were obtained, covering 36 phyla, 85 classes, 185 orders, 213 families, 293 genera and 456 species; with the dominant bacterial groups Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacterioto, Desulfobacterota and Bacteroidota. Person correlation analysis showed that Acidobacteria was significantly positively correlated with total nitrogen (P<0.05), that Proteobacteria significantly positively correlated with soil alkaline phosphatase (P<0.05), and that Actinobacteria significantly positively correlated with soil polyphenol oxidase (P<0.05). The findings will lead to further understanding of the characteristics of the microbial community and the factors affecting the environment in the healthy culture environment of white snakehead, and provide reference for the green and healthy culture of snakehead and the screening and the application of improving the bottom sediment of breeding ponds.
2025 Vol. 44 (4): 562-572 [Abstract] ( 46 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (11005 KB)  ( 14 )
573 Effects of Chronic Ammonia Nitrogen Stress on Growth, Intestinal Digestive Enzyme Activity and Structure of Blunt Snout Bream Megalobrama amblycephala
WANG Canli, DAI Mengyang, WANG Qian, XIONG Xinyu, ZHANG Han, WANG Yifan, YE Wenhui, WANG Hengjie, YUAN Xiangyang
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24107
In order to investigate the effects of chronic ammonia nitrogen stress on growth, and intestinal enzymes activity and histological structure of blunt snout bream, Megalobrama amblycephala, blunt snout bream with body weight of (6.55±0.24) g was reared in a 120 cm height × 80 cm diameter tank, and exposed to aerated tap water (control group G0), 6.82 mg/L ammonium chloride (G1) (10% 96 h LC50) and 13.64 mg/L ammonium chloride (G2) (20% 96 h LC50) at 26—27 ℃ for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, enzyme activity analysis, transmission micro-electron microscopy and PCR technology were conducted to analyze the intestinal enzyme activity and histological structure characteristics of the test fish. The results showed that the median lethal concentration LC50 of ammonia nitrogen solution at 96 h was 68.18 mg/L for blunt snout bream. The final body weight, survival rate, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and activities of protease, lipase, amylase, Na+/K+-ATPase, and γ-GT were shown to be significantly higher in the fish in G0 group than those in G1 and G2 groups (P<0.05). There was significantly higher intestinal microvillus length in blunt snout bream in G0 than those in G1 and G2 groups (P<0.05). Chronic ammonia nitrogen stress led to down-regulated relative expression levels of Claudin-3c, Claudin-7, Occludin and ZO-1 genes compared to those in G0 group, and to up-regulated relative expression levels of TNF-a, IL-1B and IL-6 (P<0.05). In conclusion, chronic ammonia nitrogen stress inhibited the growth, and decreased digestive and absorptive function of blunt snout bream.
2025 Vol. 44 (4): 573-581 [Abstract] ( 44 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (5328 KB)  ( 16 )
582 Molecular Cloning and Expression of AjCaspase3-p Gene in Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus
WANG Luyao, ZHANG Chanchan, ZHANG Xiaojing, HAI Hangyu, MA Deyou
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24059
In order to explore the biological function of Caspase-3 gene as the crucial executioner protein in metamorphosis of sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus, a full-length cDNA of caspase-3 gene was cloned by cDNA end rapid amplification (RACE) technology, and the characteristics were analyzed. The expression levels of the gene were examined in various tissues and different development stages of the larvae in the sea cucumber by RT-qPCR. Meanwhile, its spatial distribution was localized during metamorphosis process by the whole-amount in situ hybridization method. The results showed that the cloned Caspase-3 cDNA had full length of 2007 bp encoding 508 amino acids. Blastp comparison revealed that the gene had the most similarity with the putative caspase-3 gene (PIK46501.1) from the sea cucumber genome designed as AjCaspase3-p. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that AjCaspase3-p contained the CASc domain unique to the Caspase family and a conserved QACRG cysteine active site. Phylogenetic analysis showed that AjCaspase3-p had high homology with Caspase-3 of other species belonged to marine invertebrates. There was a constitutive expression in detected tissues, with the maximal expression level in coelomocytes (P<0.05), suggesting that AjCaspase3-p might be involved in host immune defense. The AjCaspase3-p mRNA expression level was also increased at late auricularia stage with peak at juvenile stage. Furthermore, spatial localization results showed that the expression positive reactivity of this gene gradually became obvious during metamorphosis, and was strongly expressed in tentacles and intestines at juvenils stage, indicating that the AjCaspase3-p might maintain homeostasis to ensure metamorphosis of the sea cucumber larvae.
2025 Vol. 44 (4): 582-591 [Abstract] ( 42 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (8973 KB)  ( 15 )
592 Application of LED Lighting in Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Culture
SUN Yan, MA He, LIU Ying
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24071
In order to explore the feasibility of applying LED-specific artificial lighting technology in culture of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, the effects of three specific light (1000 lx artificial supplementary light, 600 lx artificial supplementary light,and a natural light control group) environments under actual farming conditions were compared for 83 days. The artificial supplementary light treatments involved nocturnal illumination (18:00—06:00 daily) superimposed on ambient daylight. Growth performance and muscle quality metrics of L. vannamei were compared across groups to evaluate the efficacy of LED-based lighting technology in industrial aquaculture. Results demonstrated that the final body weight of L. vannamei in the 1000 lx and 600 lx artificial supplementary light groups was (17.08±0.06) g and (16.89±0.20) g, respectively, both exceeding that of the natural light group (13.75±0.42) g, though the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in overall nutritional composition of muscle quality of L. vannamei among the 1000 lx and 600 lx artificial supplementary light groups and the natural light group (P>0.05). However, in terms of fatty acids, the content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in the 1000 lx artificial supplementary light group was significantly higher than that in the 600 lx artificial supplementary light group and the natural light group (P<0.05). The total content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the 1000 lx artificial supplementary light group was significantly lower than that in the 600 lx artificial supplementary light group and the natural light group (P<0.05). The total content of EPA+DHA in the 1000 lx artificial supplementary light group was significantly lower than that in the 600 lx artificial supplementary light group and the natural light group (P<0.05). These findings indicate that establishing a specific artificial lighting environment can effectively accelerate the growth of L. vannamei and substantially enhance the profitability of industrialized farming. Comprehensive analysis suggests that nocturnal supplemental lighting at 600 lx is recommended for L. vannamei aquaculture, as it optimally balances growth promotion with the preservation of nutritionally valuable fatty acid profiles.
2025 Vol. 44 (4): 592-600 [Abstract] ( 42 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2224 KB)  ( 9 )
601 Simultaneous Determination of 105 Residues of Pesticides and Veterinary Drugs in Sea Cucumber by Filtered Solid Phase Extraction-UPLC-MS/MS
XU Bingwen, SUN Chengpeng, GE Xiangwu, WANG Jiaojuan
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24063
An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was established for the simultaneous determination of 53 pesticides and 52 veterinary drugs residues in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. The samples were extracted with 80% acetonitrile water solution containing 0.5% formic acid (by volume). After centrifugation, the extraction was purification by PRiME HLB cartridge, and then the cartridge was eluted by acetonitrile containing 0.5% formic acid. A Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column was selected as the separation column, the detection was conducted in positive ion mode (ESI+) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) scanning, and then quantified by external standard method using a matrix-matched standard. After optimizing, 97% compounds satisfied the detection requirements (60.0%—110.9%) at the LOQs. The limits of quantitation (LOQs) of 105 compounds were 1.0—50.0 μg/kg. The tested compounds showed great linearity at 0.2—50.0 μg/L with the correlation coefficients of higher than 0.99. The relative standard deviations were 0.3%—21.6% (n=6) with the samples spiked at LOQs, 2 LOQs and 10 LOQs. The finding indicates that the method above has high sensitivity and great recoveries and could be used for the determination of pesticides and veterinary drugs residues in sea cucumber.
2025 Vol. 44 (4): 601-611 [Abstract] ( 38 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2803 KB)  ( 26 )
612 Construction and Pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila AhyR Gene Deletion Strain
CHEN Tingting, XU Jiale, XU Yilan, HE Ying, LU Bingxia, ZHOU Yingning, XU Xinting, QUAN Chenyu, ZHAO Shuo, CHEN Zhongwei
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24007
To investigate the effect of AhyR gene in the pathogenicity and biological properties of Aeromonas hydrophila, the AhyR gene deletion strain ΔAhyR and the complement strain AhyR+ were constructed by homologous recombination and combinatorial transfer methods. The growth characteristics, biofilm formation ability, swimming ability, hemolysis and pathogenicity to crayfish were determined in the AhyR gene deletion strain ΔAhyR and the complement strain AhyR+. The results showed that there were not significantly different growth curves and biofilm formation ability in the deletion strain ΔAhyR and the complement strain AhyR+ from those of the parental strain WT (P>0.05).However, ΔAhyR showed a significant increase in swimming ability and hemolytic ability (P<0.05), enhanced virulence, an approximately 10-fold decrease in LD50, and more severe hepatopancreatic damage to red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii. Histologic examination revealed hepatocyte necrosis, dilated lumen of the hepatic tubules, and loss of astrological structures in the red swamp crayfish challenged with ΔAhyR, indicating that AhyR gene deletion enhanced the virulence of A. hydrophila and did not affect the growth performance. The findings provided theoretical basis with the in-depth study of the pathogenic mechanism of AhyR gene in A. hydrophila.
2025 Vol. 44 (4): 612-621 [Abstract] ( 46 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (10160 KB)  ( 12 )
622 Global Spatial Distribution Prediction of Whale Sharks and Future Conservation Needs Based on Integrated Species Distribution Models
WANG Xiao, LIU Kaiyu, LI Zengguang, WAN Rong, ZHAO Linlin
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24168
The whale shark Rhincodon typus as the largest extant fish species on earth, with a distribution range spanning from the equator to subtropical and temperate waters. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the health of marine ecosystems. In order to comprehensively understand the spatial distribution pattern of whale shark and explore the relationship between different environmental factors and their distribution, the potential distribution area of whale shark was predicted under current and future climate change scenarios by an integrated species distribution model containing 10 modeling algorithms and relationship between six environmental variables, including temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a concentration, distance from shore and water depth and whale shark occurrence record points (from OBIS, GBIF, and iNarural databases) were analyzed to explore the impact of human activities (e.g., fishing pressure) on whale shark distribution. The results showed that three environmental factors including sea surface temperature, distance from shore, and surface chlorophyll-a concentration played a significant role in determining whale shark distribution. The potential habitat of whale sharks was found to be primarily concentrated in tropical and subtropical coastal waters, including regions such as Southeast Asia, northern Australia, the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, eastern Brazil, and the Atlantic offshore areas according to the model prediction. Some ecological niche differentiation was observed between the two whale shark populations (Atlantic and Indian Ocean-Pacific populations). The distribution range of whale sharks was expected to expand towards higher-latitude waters under future climate scenarios. Furthermore, an analysis of the overlap between whale shark distribution and fishing pressure indicates that the whale sharks were more vulnerable to human fishing in the western Pacific, eastern Indian Ocean, Southeast Asia, the eastern coast of Africa, and the waters surrounding Central America, with high risk of bycatch. A gap analysis for conservation areas revealed that only 16.44% of the whale shark distribution area was currently within protected zones, and that the protected zones were increased to from 17.51% to 22.58%, indicating a significant conservation gap under future climate scenarios.
2025 Vol. 44 (4): 622-632 [Abstract] ( 47 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (11848 KB)  ( 6 )
633 Effects of Transport Time on Stress Injury and Immune Function of Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus clarkii
ZHU Minli, HU Honghui, CHEN Huangen, SU Shengyan, ZHU Jian
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24145
To investigate the effects of transport time on the cumulative survival rate, antioxidant capacity, and immune-related gene expression of red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkia, red swamp crayfish with body weight of (8.26±2.67) g were placed in a shipping basket in a car for 0 (control), 2, 8, and 14 h of dry transportation at temperature of 20 °C. Survival, antioxidant metabolic enzyme activities, and immune-related gene indicators in hemolymph and hepatopancreas as well as changes in histological structure of hepatopancreas were investigated in the red swamp crayfish during 0, 2, 8, and 14 h of transportation. The cumulative survival rate was determined in the red swamp crayfish reared for 10 d after 0, 2, 8, and 14 h of transportation. The results showed that there was significantly higher cumulative survival rate in 2 hours than that after 8 hours and 14 hours, with the cumulative survival rate of only 2.22% in the red swamp crayfish exposed to 14 hour transportation in the 10th days. Histological observation showed that the hepatopancreas were severely damaged in the 8-hour group. There were significantly higher activities of total superoxide dismutase, catalase, acid phosphatase, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase and content of malondialdehyde as well as total antioxidant capacity in the hepatopancreas in the crayfish in the 14-hour group than those in the control group (P<0.05). The expression levels of GPX, CuZnSOD, HSP70, Astacidin, and Lysozyme genes in the hepatopancreas were shown to be significantly higher in the crayfish in the 14-hour group than those in the control group (P<0.05). It was found that transportation time greater than 8 hours led to significantly high cumulative survival rate, damaged hepatopancreas, antioxidant ability, and expression of immune-related genes. Therefore, it is suggested that the transportation time in actual transportation should be lower than 8 hours. The findings may provide reference for research and development to improve the transportation survival rate of red swamp crayfish.
2025 Vol. 44 (4): 633-641 [Abstract] ( 37 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4983 KB)  ( 10 )
642 Effect of Proline on Growth and Collagen Metabolism in the Injured Calipash Cells of Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle Pelodiscus sinensis
ZHU Leyan, ZHOU Beining, SONG Wei, LUO Jiaxiang, LI Caiyan
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24195
Proline (Pro) is a conditionally essential amino acid in animals, with important nutritional, metabolic, and immune functions. To investigate the effect and mechanism of proline on oxidative stress in vitro in fibroblastic cells from the embryonic calipash of Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis, a lipopolysaccharide induced oxidative stress model was established in the experiment. The cells in the cell culture system were divided into control, LPS stressed, and Pro treated groups. The cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, and mRNA expression levels of collagen metabolism related genes were determined by MTT, HE staining, DCFH-DA, and qRT-PCR. The results showed that there were significant decrease in the number and survival rate of cells, significant increase in ROS levels, and a remarkable reduction in the mRNA expression abundance of collagen synthesis related genes Col1α1, Col1α2, and Col3α1 (P<0.05) in the LPS stressed group compared with the control, with significant escalation in the mRNA expression of collagen degradation related genes MMP1 and MMP18 (P<0.05). Correspondingly, the mRNA levels of MMPs specific inhibitors TIMP2, TIMP3, and TIMP4, key enzymes for collagen degradation were found to be significantly declined (P<0.05). The supplementation of Pro led to significantly elevate the number and survival rate of stressed cells (P<0.05), and significantly reduce the content of ROS (P<0.05) compared with the LPS group. Significantly up-regulated relative mRNA expression levels of Col3α1, TIMP2 and TIMP3, and significantly down-regulated mRNA expression levels of MMP18 (P<0.05, P<0.01) were shown to be in the fibroblastic cells from the embryonic calipash of Chinese soft-shelled turtle treated with Pro, indicating that Pro can alleviate LPS induced oxidative stress, in fibroblastic cells of Chinese soft-shelled turtle, possibly by altering the ROS signaling pathway, regulating the expression of collagen metabolism related enzymes MMPs and their inhibitory factors TIMPs. The findings revealed the effects of Pro on the growth and collagen metabolism of LPS induced damage in the fibroblastic cells from the embryonic calipash of Chinese soft-shelled turtle, which can provide theoretical basis for the application of similar functional amino acids such as Pro to enhance the stress resistance of Chinese soft-shelled turtle.
2025 Vol. 44 (4): 642-650 [Abstract] ( 35 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3546 KB)  ( 11 )
651 Establishment and Application of Blastocyst Cell Line of Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus
NIE Miaomiao, WU Zhihao, WANG Lijuan, YOU Feng
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24120
One new embryonic multipolar morphology cell line with a clearly defined birefringent edge was established by crushing the embryos with a sterile mortar to break the membrane and carefully squeezing the embryos vertically to separate the cells as much as possible, derived from blastocysts of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, designated as PoEC. The cells were cultured in DF12 complete medium, supplemented with antibiotics, fetal bovine serum (FBS), and growth factors at temperature of 25 ℃, and subcultured for 40 passages. The origin of the cell lines shwoing typical growth curve pattern, was confirmed by examining the partial sequences of the cytochrome oxidase c subunit Ⅰ (COⅠ) gene of the flounder mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). According to the gene and activity, the cell line PoEC did not have pluripotent, whose the cell line were also successfully transfected with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene, suggesting that it was used to investigate the gene function in the flounder or other fish. The PoEC cell line was exposed to Cr concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/L in vitro toxicity test for 16 h, and the results showed even at concentration of 10 mg/L, Cr was toxic to the cell line in one hour, PoEC being sensitive to chromium (Cr),and used as a powerful tool for research of the toxicology of heavy metals in fish. Therefore, the cell line would be useful for biotechnological and toxicological research on marine fish as an in vitro biological system.
2025 Vol. 44 (4): 651-658 [Abstract] ( 36 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (8532 KB)  ( 9 )
659 Estimation of Growth and Mortality Parameters of Croaker Collichthys lucidus in Inshore Waters of Southern Zhejiang Province
FAN Xiaoyue, WANG Yin, LI Jianhua, GAO Chunxia
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24055
The inshore waters of southern Zhejiang Province is an important fishing area in China, and croaker Collichthys lucidus as an abundant species in these waters is of great significance to assess the fishery resources of this stock. The body length was measured in croaker C. lucidus sampled in the southern coastal waters(N 27°0′—29°0′, E 120°0′—123°0′)of southern Zhejiang Province from 2015 to 2019, by a single-ship bottom trawl to estimate growth, mortality parameters and resource changes of croaker C. lucidus by Pauly′s empirical formula and Beverton-Holt dynamic model (B-H model). The results showed that the von Bertalanffy growth parameters were found to be L∞=168 mm, K=0.96, and t0=-0.17 year. The natural mortality calculated was to be M=0.90 by Pauly′s empirical equation, and the total mortality of Z=3.66 estimated by length-converted catch curve, with the fishing mortality of F=2.76. The current exploitation rate was shown to be 0.75, indicating that the stock is over-exploited. The Beverton-Holt dynamic model revealed that the minimum exploitation size for C. lucidus was 134.40 mm,and the exploitation rate 0.7,which will contribute to the sustainable development of the recruitment population of C. lucidus. The findings provide basic support materials for the management of fishery resources in this area, and will help managers to further optimize the exploitation policy.
2025 Vol. 44 (4): 659-665 [Abstract] ( 51 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (6259 KB)  ( 38 )
666 Population Structure and Growth Characteristics of Chinese Hook Snout Carp Opsariichthys bidens in Yalu River
DUAN Youjian, LUO Xiaonian, MENG Junpeng, LI Jiao, SUN Shuhao, MA Junfeng
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24117
To investigate the population structure and growth characteristics of Chinese hook snout carp Opsariichthys bidens in the Yalu River, the population structure was studied in 156 samples were collected from tributaries of the Yalu River using gillnets with mesh of 1.5 cm in December 2021 and March 2023, using scales as identification materials. The results showed that the Chinese hook snout carp caught had body length of 132—262 mm for females and 139—282 mm for males, with body weight ranging from 31.4 g to 263.5 g for females and 34.7 g to 417.6 g for males, with age composition of 1—4 years, and the female/male ratio of 1.229∶1. The relationship between body length and body weight was found to be m=6.924×10-5L3.152(r2=0.932,n=156), indicating that the Chinese hook snout carp had uniform rate of growth. Von Bertalanffy growth equation showed that the asymptotic total length (L∞) of the Chinese hook snout carp in the Yalu River was 340.864 mm, with growth coefficient (K) of 0.271, the theoretical age of -1.284 at zero total length (t0). In summary, the Chinese hook snout carp in the Yalu River is a small predatory fish, with a simple age structure and rapid growth.
2025 Vol. 44 (4): 666-670 [Abstract] ( 67 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (5550 KB)  ( 60 )
       Overview and Specific Topi
671 Domestication and Culture of Mandarinfish Siniperca chuatsi by Formulated Feed: Advanced Technology Progress
CAI Kangning, ZHAO Jinliang, ZHAO Yan
2025 Vol. 44 (4): 671-677 [Abstract] ( 71 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (5103 KB)  ( 18 )
678 A Review: Application of Tussah Immunoreactive Substances in Aquaculture
CHEN Xinghe, WEN Zhixin, JIA Xinyue, DU Xingfan
2025 Vol. 44 (4): 678-684 [Abstract] ( 57 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (994 KB)  ( 59 )
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