基于高通量测序的大辽河刀鲚食性初步分析

doi:10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.23093

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摘要为探究大辽河刀鲚的食物组成,利用高通量测序技术分析了2022年6月20—22日利用挂网在辽河海城段水域(E 122°35′~122°36′,N 40°98′~40°99′)采集的洄游期刀鲚的食性。在刀鲚样品中,随机挑选29尾刀鲚,扩增胃含物线粒体基因细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ (COⅠ) 和18S rDNA V4 区。经高通量测序技术在29个食性样品中共得到260 486条高质量序列。分析结果显示,大辽河刀鲚食物来源于29种饵料生物,分属5纲9目14科,主要包括鱼类、虾类、桡足类、轮虫类和枝角类。浮游甲壳动物是大辽河刀鲚主要的摄食种类,包括桡足类、轮虫类、枝角类,占总种类数的62.07%;食物种类相对丰度和生物类群分析表明,鱼类占比最高(37.35%),虾类次之(31.90%),表明鱼类和虾类是大辽河刀鲚的重要食物组成。刀鲚随体长的增加,食性明显转变,转变前后分别以浮游甲壳类和鱼虾类为主要摄食种类。试验结果揭示了大辽河野生刀鲚的食物种类,为大辽河野生刀鲚资源保护、增殖及人工繁育提供数据参考。

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关键词 ：刀鲚, 食性, 高通量测序

Abstract：In order to explore the food composition of estuarine tapertail anchovy Coilia nasus in Daliao River, the stomach contents and feeding habits were investigated in estuarine tapertail anchovy collected in water area of Haicheng section in Daliao River on June 20—22,2022 by high-throughput sequencing technology. The food composition was analyzed using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit Ⅰ (COⅠ) and 18S rDNA V4 region as molecular markers, and a total of 260 486 high-quality sequences were obtained from 29 food samples. The results showed that 5 classes, 9 orders and 14 families, mainly including copepods, fish, shrimp, rotifers and cladocera, were observed in the food of estuarine tapertail anchovy in Daliao River. The analysis of food species composition revealed that planktonic crustacean were the main feeding objects, including copepods, rotifers and cladocera, accounting for 62.07% of the total species. The analysis of relative abundance proportion of food species and biological groups showed that fish accounted for the maximal proportion of 37.35%, followed by 31.90%, indicating that fish and shrimp were the important food components of estuarine tapertail anchovy in Daliao River. It was found that the feeding habits of the estuarine tapertail anchovy undergo significant changes with body length increases, with planktonic crustaceans and fish and shrimp as the main feeding species before and after the change. The finding revealed the food types of wild C. nasus in the Daliao River and provided scientific basis for protecting the wild resource of this species, and referencing with artificial breeding of estuarine tapertail anchovy.

Key words： Coilia nasus high-throughput sequencing feeding habit

收稿日期: 2023-11-24

PACS:

S965.199

基金资助:辽宁省科技厅项目 (2021JH2/10200031);辽宁省农业科学院项目 (2020XKHBZ0706, 2021HQ1918);辽宁省自然科学基金面上项目 (2022-MS-070).

通讯作者: 杨培民(1979—)男,研究员;研究方向:特色淡水鱼繁养殖技术. E-mail:pmyang313@163.com.

作者简介: 朱春月(1995—)女,助理工程师;研究方向:鱼类分子生物学. E-mail:18747551907@163.com.

引用本文:

朱春月, 杨培民, 张伯序, 张健, 胡宗云, 刘忠航. 基于高通量测序的大辽河刀鲚食性初步分析[J]. 水产科学, 2025, 44(1): 122-128.
ZHU Chunyue, YANG Peimin, ZHANG Boxu, ZHANG Jian, HU Zongyun, LIU Zhonghang. Analysis of Food Composition and Feeding Habits of Estuarine Tapertail Anchovy Coilia nasus in Daliao River Based on High-Throughput Sequencing. Fisheries Science, 2025, 44(1): 122-128.

链接本文:

http://www.shchkx.com/CN/10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.23093 或 http://www.shchkx.com/CN/Y2025/V44/I1/122

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