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月刊，1984年创刊
主管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
主办：包头医学院
主编：赵云山
特邀主编：高长青
编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
邮发代号：16-292

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2013 Vol. , No. 7 Published: 2013-07-25

	373	Effects of Salinity on Immunity-related Indicators and Digestive Enzyme Activities in Asian Swimming Crab Charybdis j aponica
		XU Xinghong,YAN Binlun,XU Jiatao,LU Jianping,ZHOU Li,LIU Yanqing,DONG Yanqiu,ZHANG Yanqiu
		The changes in some immunity-related indicators and digestive enzyme activities were tested in hemolymph and hepatopancreas of Asian swimming crab Charybdis j aponica collected on 0 ,0 .5 ,1 ,2 ,3 , 4 and 5 days under various salinities of 15 ,20 ,25 ,30 and 35 to evaluate the effects of salinity on density of hemocyte (DHC ) , hemocyanin content , activities of the phenoloxidase (PO ) , lysozyme (LSZ ) , superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT ) ,and malondialdehyde (MDA ) content and activities of acid protease ,alkali protease ,lipase ,amylase and cellulase .The results showed that DHC was found to be correlated positively with salinity ,no significant effect on hemocyanin content .The PO activity at a salinity of 30 and LSZ activity at a salinity of 20 and 30 were shown to be increase first and then decline , while the PO activity in a salinity of 15 ,20 and 35 ,and the LSZ activity in a salinity of 15 and 35 were first decreased , then increased , and dropped again . After 5 days , the activities of PO and LSZ were descendantly arranged as salinity 25 > 20 > 30 > 15 > 35 . The activities of SOD and CAT were first increased and then decreased ,the opposite tendency being the change in MDA content .On day 5 ,the activities of SOD and CAT were lower in a salinity of 15 and 35 than those in other treatments with higher MDA content (P < 0 .05) .The maximal activities of amylase and cellulase were observed in a salinity of 20 ,the maximal activities of acid protease and lipase in a salinity of 25 ,and the maximal alkali protease in a salinity of 30 .The minimal activities of 5 digestive enzymes were found in a salinity of 15 .The findings indicated that Asian swimming crab had a suitable salinity of 20 ~ 30 for immunity ,with significantly lower activities of digestive enzymes under a salinity of 15 and 35 .It is suggested that variation in activity of SOD and content of MDA be used as an indicator for immune state of Asian swimming crab under different salinity .
		2013 Vol. (7): 373-379 [Abstract] ( 67 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (769 KB) ( 261 )

Article

	380	Growth and Development of Larvae and Juveniles in Puan Silver Crucian Carp Carassius auratus Linnaeus
		LIANG Zhengqi,YAO Junjie,XIONG Hualong,AN Miao,HUANG Shihong
		The growth and development of larvae and juveniles was morphologically investigated in Puan sliver crucian carp Carassius auratus Linnaeus .The results showed that it took 52 h from fertilization to hatching at 22 ~ 25 ℃ .The newly hatched larvae had transparent body ,with the head right near the yolk sac ,accounting for two-thirds of the body length ,which was exhausted in the 4 day old post-larvae which started the exogenous nutrient period .The post-larvae were found to develop into juveniles from a few scales on the 20th days after hatching to whole scales ,fingerling ,on the 28th day after hatching .The relationship between total body length (TL) and age in day (D) was described as :TL = 0 .0012D3 - 0 .0388 D2 + 1 .0432 D + 3 .9458(r2 = 0 .998) .The relationship between body length (L) and body weight (W) of the larvae and juveniles was expressed as :m= 1E - 0 .5L3 .3769 (r2 = 0 .9827) .The formula between body length and body height during the development of the fish was described as :H = 0 .0001L3 - 0 .0284L2 + 1 .2816L- 7 .2505 (r2 = 0 .9886) .The findings contribute to provide the theoretical instruction to fry and juvenile production of Puan sliver crucian carp .
		2013 Vol. (7): 380-384 [Abstract] ( 52 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (641 KB) ( 248 )

	385	Prediction of Functional Domain of Effector Protein of Type ⅢSecretion System in Pathogen Edwardsiella tarda
		WANG Bin,LI Jun-wei,ZHAO Feng-mei,WANG Hui,HU Liang,JIANG Zhi-qiang
		The PCR was performed to detect the T TSS genes eseB ,eseC ,and eseD in pathogen Edw ard-siella tarda L-49231 strain isolated from turbot Scophthalmus maximus infected with septicaemia hemor-rhage .The PCR products were cloned into vector PMD19-T and the positive clones were sequenced .The results showed that the fragments were composed of 594 bp in eseB ,934 bp in eseC ,and 445 bp in eseD , showing 100% ,100% ,and 99% homology separately compared to E . tarda PPD FL6-60 in GenBank . Thereby ,the E . tarda L-49231 strain contained the T TSS effector genes eseB ,eseC ,and ese D .The molecular weight , amino acid composition , hydrophobicity , transmembrane structure and the signal peptide of eseB ,eseC and eseD were predicted by bioinformatics .The eseB was found to be 21 732 .26 u , with the maximal level of aspartic acid , representing 10 .61% of the total amino acids . The eseC had molecular weight of 53 606 .08 u ,with maximal level of alanine ,accounting for 14 .43% of the total amino acids .The eseD showed the molecular weight of 21 112 .43 u ,glutamine being the maximum ,representing 11 .04% of the total amino acids .In addition ,all of the three proteins contained much glycin ,alanine and leucine but a little cysteine and tryptophan . The eseB ,eseC and eseD were all found to be hydrophilic proteins ,without transmembrane structure in the eseB . There was three transmembrane structures at 192 ~ 210 aa ,213 ~ 233 aa and 63 ~ 284 aa domain in eseC .The eseD contained a transmembrane structure at 90 ~ 106 aa domain .There was no signal peptide in all of the three proteins .
		2013 Vol. (7): 385-390 [Abstract] ( 57 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (954 KB) ( 358 )

	391	Effects of Dietary Selenium on Digestion and Feed Conversion in Yellowcheek Carp Elopichthys bambusa
		XU Youqing,LI Taiyuan,DING Zhaokun,XIANG Jianguo
		A feeding trial was conducted to study the effects of dietary selenium-yeast additions on digestion and food conversion of yellowcheek carp Elopichthys bambusa juveniles cultured in a net cage of 2 m × 2 m × 2 .5 m at water temperature of 22 ~ 30 ℃ in 2010 .The 20 day old juveniles with initial body weight of (5 .82 ± 0 .06 ) g were fed diets supplemented with 0 ,0 .30 ,0 .60 ,0 .90 ,and 1 .20 mg of selenium-yeast per kg wet diet for 10 weeks .Significant effects of the dietary selenium-yeast additions were observed on the activities of amylase ,lipase and trypsin in the intestine as well as food conversion (P< 0 .05) .In the diet containing the optimal selenium-yeast of 0 .6 mg/kg wet diet ,the peak activities of intestinal amylase ,and trypsin were observed in Weeks 5 and 10 ,with weight gain rate of 337 .92% ± 35 .10% in Week 5 and 590 .94% ± 21 .28% in Week 10 ( P < 0 .05) ,specific grow th rate of 3 .97% ± 0 .21% in Week 5 and 2 .68% ± 0 .04% in Week 10 (P < 0 .05) ,and feed coefficient of (5 .45 ± 0 .20) in Week 10 .
		2013 Vol. (7): 391-395 [Abstract] ( 71 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (659 KB) ( 363 )

	396	Heat Shock Transcription Factor 1 and Its Transcription Expression in Yesso Scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis
		WANG Jun,BAO Xiang-bo,JIANG Bing,LI Shi-lei,LIU Wei-dong
		Heat shock transcription factors ,key factors to regulate the transcription of eukaryotic heat shock genes ,play important roles in heat shock response .In this study ,a full length of HSF1 (Heat shock transcription factor 1 ) cDNA was isolated from Yesso scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis by homologous cloning and RACE method .The full-length was of 1944 bp ,encoding a polypeptide of 523 amino acids .Carried out multiple alignment and bioinformatics analysis ,the predicted amino acid sequence was found to share a conserved DNA-Binding domain ,HR-A /B and HR-C domain ,which showed highly similarities with other HSF1s .The expression of HSF1 mRNA in various tissues was examined using real-time quantitative RT-PCR (QRT-PCR) . HSF1 was expressed in all 6 tissues of the scallop ,and the mRNA expression was the maxinum in adductor muscle and the minimum in hemocytes .
		2013 Vol. (7): 396-403 [Abstract] ( 62 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (1118 KB) ( 336 )

	404	Spermatogenous Analysis of Chinese Giant Salamander Males Which Are Induced to Spawn
		QIAO Zhi-gang,LIU Xiao-cui,MA-Long,ZHANG Wei-fang,LI Yong-dong
		Twenty Chinese giant salamander A ndrias davidianus males were artificially induced to spawn , with spawning success of 90% .However ,only 20% of the male spawners were found to release the vital sperm ,indicates that 80% of the male spawners were of sterile males . The vitality test showed that survival period of the sperm motility was different in the water with different hardness . The survival period of the sperm motility was found to be decreased with increase in water hardness within water hardness of 0 .17 ~ 2 .136 mmol/L .The salamander sperm showed the longest life span (161 s) at water hardness of 0 .41 mmol/L .On the contrary ,the minimal survival period (65 .4 s )was observed in the sperm at water hardness in the 3 .14 mmol/L .So we should pay attention to the problem of male sterile and effects of water hardness on fertility when we carry out artificial reproduction of Chinese giant salamander .
		2013 Vol. (7): 404-407 [Abstract] ( 81 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (571 KB) ( 214 )

	408	Effects of Dietary Yeast Cell Walls on Antioxidant System in Hybrid Snakehead
		LIU Kai,ZHU Li-min,GUO Shui-rong,LIU Xin-yi,MA Heng-jia,SHEN Li
		The changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS ) , antioxidant of Glutathione (GSH ) and antioxidant activities of catalase (CAT ) ,glutathione reductase (GR) ,glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) , peroxidase (POD ) , and superoxide dismutase (SOD ) were monitored in serum of hybrid snakehead (Ophiocephalus argus ♀ × O .maculatus ♂ ) which fed the diets containing 0% (as control group) ,1 ‰ , 2 ‰ ,4 ‰ ,and 8 ‰ of the yeast cell walls .The serum ROS contents were found to be decrease firstly and then increase with increasing dose of yeast cell wall ,the minimal level ROS of (1 .62 ± 0 .24) nmol/mg ?protein at a yeast cell wall dose of 2 ‰ ,significantly lower than in the other groups (P< 0 .05) .The GSH content showed the same change as content of ROS at yeast cell wall dose of below or equal 4 ‰ ,the also same case in activities of CAT ,GSH-PX ,POD and SOD except the content of GR .Excessive dietary amount of yeast cell walls led to elevate the content of ROS as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes .
		2013 Vol. (7): 408-411 [Abstract] ( 66 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (586 KB) ( 217 )

	412	Simultaneous Detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V .cholerae from Aquatic Animals by Dulplex PCR
		ZHANG Xiao-jun,BAI Xue-song,BI Ke-ran,ZHOU Bao-yun,QIN Lei,YAN Bin-lun,QIN Guo-min
		V ibrio parahaemolyticus and V . cholerae were known to be responsible not only for aquatic animals ,but also to be recognized as pathogenic bacteria for human .In this study ,two pairs of specific primers were designed based on toxR gene for V . parahaemolyticus and lolB gene for V .cholerae ,and simultaneous detection of the both V ibrio was established by a dulplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) , amplification of 368 bp and 519 bp gene fragments .The results showed that two purposed gene fragments from mixed chromosomal DNA of V . parahaemolyticus and V . cholerae in one PCR reaction were simultaneously amplified by two PCR primers ,and no positive reaction was detected in 5 other controlled pathogenic bacteria , showing strong specificity , and no interference between the two primers . The sensitivity test of the dulplex PCR revealed that the two primers detected V .parahaemolyticus at a level of as few as 1 .75 × 102 cfu/mL ,and V .cholerae at a level of as few as 1 .25 × 102 cfu/mL .The positive amplified results were observed in the 8 aquatic products infected artificially ,and negative amplifi cation in the no-infected 8 aquatic products . The findings prove that the dulplex PCR is a specific and sensitive method for simultaneous detection of the both V ibrio in one PCR reaction ,and can be used as the detection of food safety ,and diagnose of aquatic animals diseases caused by the both V ibrio .
		2013 Vol. (7): 412-415 [Abstract] ( 51 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (614 KB) ( 263 )

	416	Histological Structure of Compound Eyes in Greasy-back Shrimp Metapenaeus ensis
		GUO En-mian,SHEN Duan-xiang,WANG Lin
		The microstructure of compound eyes was studied in greasy-back shrimp Metapenaeus ensis by paraffin section method to further investigate the structure and function of light-sensitive organs of crustaceans .The greasy-back shrimp had hemispherical eyes ,and square ommatidia which was composed of 11 retinular cells with the structure of “4 + 7” for sensitization system .The rhabdom of the ommatidia was made up of open distal rhabdom and closed proximal rhabdom . It could be concluded that morphological structure of the compound eyes of the crustaceans reflected relationship with living habits and environment rather than kinship and movement pattern compared with compound eyes of other macrura species ,such as red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus ,Chinese shrimp Penaeus chinensis , Malaysian prawn M acrobrachium rosenbergii , red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarki , and brachyura species ,such as swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus ,Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis ,Asian swimming crab Charybdis j aponica ,and mud crab Scylla serrata .
		2013 Vol. (7): 416-419 [Abstract] ( 51 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (625 KB) ( 294 )

	420	Effects of Industrial Effluent on Growth,Development and DNA in Tadpoles of Frog Rana nigromaculata
		GAO Ai-bao,YUAN Li-xia
		Tadpoles of frog Rana nigromaculata were reared in the water containing (in volume) 100% , 20% ,4% ,0 .8% and 0% of industrial effluent and average body weight ,body length and survival of the tadpoles were measured once every 7 days .The results showed that mortality rate was decreased from 3%in the control group to 100% in the 100% effluent group .Corresponding , the body length gain was descended from 43 .7% to 21 .1% ,at an average descended rate of 5 .6% with increase in the effluent volume at a rate of 5% during 14 days .The body weight gain was decreased from 238 .5% to 135 .6% ,at an average descended rate of 25 .7% with increase in the effluent volume at a rate of 5% during 14 days . The single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) was used to detect the breakage of DNA strand in hemocytes and the software of CASP was used to analyze the date picture .It was found that the DNA damage was shown to be of dose-effect and time-effect dependent .There was a significant increase in the levels of the damage of DNA ,as well as the tail length ,tail DNA ,and olive tail moment (OTM ) .The findings indicate that R .nigromaculata tadpoles can be used to monitor water pollution ,and that the present study is a foundation for the protection of amphibians and other aquatic organisms .
		2013 Vol. (7): 420-423 [Abstract] ( 49 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (641 KB) ( 250 )

	424	The Causative Survey of Sudden Death of Manila Clam Ruditapes philippinarum Cultured in Hangu,Tianjin
		LI Yong-ren,GUO Yong-jun,XING Ke-zhi
		Manila clam Ruditapes philip pinarum ,sowing in Hangu shallow sea ,occurred serious death with the mortality as high as 86 .2% ,and the grow th was slow from September to October in 2012 .The survey showed that (1)mortality of clams increased with increase in stocking density ;(2)heavy metals , petroleum hydrocarbons and other chemical factors in the seawater and sediments were not excessive ;(3) chlorophyll concentration and primary production were significantly lower from June to August .A large number of mussels Musculus senhousei occurred in mid-June ,and disappeared from September to October , when clams death seriously .The cause of this death in clams was speculated that :the M .senhousei existed in surface sediments competed for food and dissolved oxygen with clams ;mass byssus network impacted clams for feeding and breathing .In addition ,the lower primary production exacerbated the death of the clams .
		2013 Vol. (7): 424-427 [Abstract] ( 116 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (610 KB) ( 282 )

	428	Current Research of Toxic Microalgae and Shellfish Toxicity in Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea
		SONG Lun,SONG Guangjun,WANG Nianbin,LIU Shicai

		2013 Vol. (7): 428-434 [Abstract] ( 47 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (600 KB) ( 394 )