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月刊，1984年创刊
主管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
主办：包头医学院
主编：赵云山
特邀主编：高长青
编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
邮发代号：16-292

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2014 Vol. , No. 11 Published: 2014-11-25

Article

	667	Growth Traits of F1 Crossed between Wild and Selective Breeding Large Yellow Croaker Larimichthy s crocea
		ZHENG Wei-qiang,HUANG Wei-qing,HAN Kun-huang,LIU Zhao-kun,ZHANG Yi,LIU Xing-biao,KE Qiao-zhen,CHEN Jia
		The egg diameter ,oil globule diameter ,total length ,body length and body weight 2-10 month old were compared among F1 crossed between wild and selective breeding large yellow croaker Larimich‐thys crocea including first filial generation (F1 ) (♀) × wild (♂) ,wild (♀) × first filial generation (F1 ) (♂),wild(♀)×wild(♂)andfirstfilialgeneration(F1)(♀)×firstfilialgeneration(F1)(♂).Itwas found that the first filial generation (F1 ) (♀ ) × wild large yellow croaker (♂) had the eggs with the maximal diameter ,significant difference from that in wild (♀ ) × wild (♂) (P< 0 .05) .No significant difference in the oil globule diameter was observed in the four groups . There was the best growth (14 .48% ) in body weight in the 9‐month‐old F1 hybrid of their wild parents ,and the best growth heterosis (25 .68% ) in the group of wild (♀) × first filial generation (F1 ) (♂) .The specific growth rate in total length and body weight were found to be 1 .92% /d and 5 .60% /d in wild (♀)× first filial generation (F1 ) (♂) ,respectively .There was 1 .99 % /d of specific growth rate in body length in first filial generation (F1 ) (♀)× wild (♂) ,showing the best growth among these four groups .The relationship between fit‐ting body length (L) and body weight (W ) was as the following :m=0 .0277L2 .8045 (r2 =0 .9980) in first fil‐ialgeneration(F1)(♀) × wild(♂);m=0.0210L2.9287(r2 =0.9993)inwild(♀)×firstfilialgeneration (F1) (♂);m= 0 .0236 L2.8592(r2 =0 .9916)in wild (♀)× wild (♂);and m=0 .0228L2.8946(r2 =0 .9984)in first filial generation (F1 ) (♀ ) × first filial generation (F1 ) (♂) .The findings indicate that hybrid be‐tween wild population and cultured population leads to improvement of economic characters of filial genera‐tion of large yellow croaker .
		2014 Vol. (11): 667-673 [Abstract] ( 90 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (788 KB) ( 308 )

	674	Effects of Dietary Exogenous Enzymes on Growth and Feed Utilization in Juvenile Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)
		LU Yuan-yuan,WU Li-xin,JIANG Zhi-qiang,CHEN Wei,ZHANG Xue
		A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary exogenous enzymes (phytase , non‐starch polysaccharide enzymes and the mixture of the two enzymes) on growth ,body composition , food digestibility and utilization in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) .A total of 144 juvenile turbot with an average body weight of (20 .53 ± 0 .10) g were randomly divided into 4 groups and fed a basal diet (as a control group) ,and the basal diet supplemented with phytase at a rate of 200 mg/kg diet ,non‐starch polysaccharide enzymes at a rate of 100mg/kg diet and the mixture of the two enzymes for 42 days at water temperature of 14 .0—18 .5 ℃ with triplication .Results showed that the exogenous enzymes supplementa‐tion led to significant improvement of specific growth rate compared to the control group (P<0 .05) ,the best grow th (increased by 16 .30% ) in the fish fed the diet containing mixture enzymes ,without signifi‐cant differences in food intake ,food conversion ratio ,protein efficiency ratio and survival rate (P>0 .05) . The moisture ,and levels of crude fat ,ash and energy of the juvenile turbot were not affected significantly by the exogenous enzyme supplementation (P>0 .05) .The crude protein level ,however ,was increased (P> 0 .05) ,the maximum in the fish fed the diet containing non‐starch polysaccharide enzymes (P<0 .05) .There were significantly higher apparent digestibility of feed dry matter ,crude protein ,phosphor‐us and energy in the juveniles fed the diet containing non‐starch polysaccharide enzymes and mixture en‐zymes than in the juveniles in the control group (P< 0 .05) .The fish fed the diet containing phytase showed significantly higher apparent digestibility of crude protein (P<0 .05) ,and higher apparent digesti‐bility of feed dry matter ,phosphorus and energy without significant differences ( P> 0 .05) .Exogenous enzyme supplementation resulted in significant improvement of retention of nitrogen and phosphorus ( P<0 .05) ,and in significant decrease in nitrogen load (P<0 .05) .Phosphorus load was not affected signifi‐cantly by dietary phytase and non‐starch polysaccharide enzymes (P>0 .05) ,even though the phosphorus load showed the downward trend .
		2014 Vol. (11): 674-679 [Abstract] ( 52 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (1171 KB) ( 189 )

	680	Diversity and Succession of Flora in Sediments of Fish Farming Ponds in Different Years
		TANG Ling,KUANG Sheng-yao,LIU Xing-guo,ZHANG Chun,ZHANG Jin-xiu
		The bacterial diversity and succession was investigated in 1 year pond‐sediment (M1) and 4 year pond‐sediment (M4) using the constructed 16S rRNA gene library .A total of 145 clones was obtained from M1 with Shannon‐waver index of 2 .37 and 172 clones from M4 with Shannon‐waver index of 2 .22 . The Simpson was found to be 9 .36 in M1 with coverage of 100% and 7 .58 in M4 with coverage of 93 .3% . The M1 were dominanted by Prolixibacter (34/145) ,Thiocapsa (17/145) , Planctomycetacia (15/145) and Desulfomicrobium (12/145) ,while Longilinea (41/172) , Prolixibacter (31/172) , Xanthomonas (22/172) ,Cetobacterium (21/172) and Cytophaga (15/172) were prevalent in M4 .The community si‐milarity coefficient between M1 and M4 was 0 .6171 at species level .The findings suggested that the fishpond was colonized a complicated bacterial community ,and the community succession associated with the culture process .
		2014 Vol. (11): 680-684 [Abstract] ( 72 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (6410 KB) ( 382 )

	685	Effect of Partial Replacement of Sea Weed Sargassum pallidum Meal by Peanut Vine Powder on Growth and Digestibility in Juvenile Sea Cucumber Apostichopus j aponicus
		SONG Sheng-liang,LI Jun-hua,LI Jing,LIU Jia-liang,CAO Xue-bin,QU Xi-chang,WANG Hong-min
		The effects of partial replacement of sea weed Sargassum pallidum meal by peanut vine powder on growth and digestibility were studied in juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus .The sea cucum‐ber juveniles w ere fed the diets containing the sea w eed meal w hich w as replaced by peanut vine pow der at 0% (control group) ,8% ,16% ,24% ,32% and 40% with triplication for 60 days .The results showed that there was survival rate of over 95% in all groups ,without significant difference (P>0 .05) .It was found that the sea cucumber in group 24% replacement had the maximal specific grow th rate (0 .58% /d) , 28 .9% higher than that in the control group .There was poor growth in the juveniles in group 8% replace‐ment and group 16% replacement than than in the control group without significant difference ( P >0 .05) ,significantly lower in group 32% replacement and group 40% replacement that in the control group (P < 0 .05) .There were no significant differences in concentrations of COD ,ammonia‐N and NO2 -N in the water between the replacement groups (P>0 .05) and the control group .The digestibility was found to be decreased in the juveniles fed the diets containing more peanut vine pow der ,higher protease and am‐ylase activities in alimentary canal in the early 30 days than in the later 30 days .The maximal protease ac‐tivity was observed in the juveniles in the control group ,being lower with the larger replacement ratio . There were no significant differences in activities of superoxide dismutase and alkine phosphatase in the coelomic fluid between the replacement groups and the control group (P>0 .05) .
		2014 Vol. (11): 685-691 [Abstract] ( 59 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (703 KB) ( 298 )

	692	Molecular Cloning of Calmodulin-like Protein Gene CaLP and Comparison with Expression Profiles of CaM Gene in Scallop Chlamys f arreri
		LIN Ya,LI Shi-guo,XIE Li-ping,ZHANG Rong-qing
		T he formation of mollusk shells as products of calcium metabolism is a very complicated process highly controlled by many physiological and biochemical activities .However ,the regulation of calcium me‐tabolism in bivalves is poorly understood .In this study ,a calmodulin‐like protein CaLP was cloned from the mantle tissue of scallop Chlamys f arreri .The full‐length cDNA of CaLP was 863 bp ,including a 450‐bp open reading frame (ORF) ,encoding 149 aa with 17 .0 ku and pI of 4 .03 .CaLP was found to contain four putative EF‐hand domains ,with the ability of Ca2+‐binding ,and 66% identity with the C . f arreri CaM in the amino sequence .The scallop CaLP mRNA was expressed in all tissues tested ,with the maxi‐mal level in the mantle ,a key organ involved in calcium secretion and shell formation ,indicating that CaLP takes an important part in the calcium metabolic process of the scallop .Moreover ,the expression of CaLP gene in the mantle went up and came down along with the elevated Ca2+ concentration ,and then reached a climax with a moderate (30% ) increase in Ca2+ concentration ,indicating that the suitable Ca2+ concentra‐tion accelerated the high expression of CaLP gene ,otherwise ,it inhibited the expression of CaLP gene . The function of CaLP in biomineralization was investigated in a shell notching experiment .It was found that the expression of CaLP was greatly enhanced in the mantle tissue in the notched shells ,implying that CaLP was involved in the shell regeneration .The findings will provide useful information for further stud‐ies on function of CaLP gene as well as the biomineralization process in the scallop .
		2014 Vol. (11): 692-701 [Abstract] ( 74 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (3203 KB) ( 265 )

	702	Genetic Variation in Mitochondrial 16S rRNA Genes in Cultured Populations of Disk Abalone Haliotis discus hannai and H .diversicolor supertexta
		CHEN Li,SHEN Xin,XIANG Zhi-chu,QIN Yin-yin,LIN Quan-heng,M ENG Xue-ping
		The 16S rRNA gene (16S) fragments were amplified in 53 samples of 4 populations of disk aba‐lone H aliotis discus hannai and 1 population of H . diversicolor supertexta ,and 669bp nucleotide se‐quences were used to analyze genetic differentiation among the populations of the abalone .The results showed that 17 haplotypes were detected from 52 16S sequences ,including 13 haplotypes from 4 popula‐tions of disk abalone and 4 haplotypes from 9 samples of H .diversicolor supertexta .The nucleotide se‐quences of the haplotypes revealed that 134 (account for 20 .5% ) polymorphic sites were found in 655 a‐ligned positions with 17 haplotypes .The mean intrapopulation genetic distances based on 16S was 0 .005 in disk abalone (0 .002~0 .011) and 0 .004 in H .diversicolor supertexta ,average 0 .218 between disk abalo‐ne and H .diversicolor supertexta populations .The FST was found to be 0 .892 between disk abalone and H .diversicolor supertexta ,0 .0051~0 .0065 in disk abalone population .Phylogenic analysis of 11 H ali‐otis species showed that both disk abalone and H .discus discus were clustered into single clade;and that H .diversicolor supertexta and H .diversicolor diversicolor clustered into single clade .
		2014 Vol. (11): 702-707 [Abstract] ( 57 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (721 KB) ( 303 )

	708	Immune Responses and Disease Resistance of Juvenile Sea Cucumber Apostichopus j aponicus Induced by Vibrio sp .BC 232
		YANG Zhi-ping,XU Zhe,ZHANG Cui-cui,ZHOU Qian
		Vibrio sp .BC232 was added to the diets at 105 ,107and 109cfu/g .Juvenile sea cucumber A pos‐tichopus j aponicus was randomly distributed into 12 plastic tanks (100 L) at a density of 50 individuals per tank and fed one of the diets or basal diet (control) for 30 days and 45 days .Effects of V ibrio sp .BC232 on immune response and disease resistance against V .splendidus infection in sea cucumbers were analyzed after feeding experiment .Results showed that the phagocytic activity in coelomocytes of sea cucumbers fed Vibrio sp .BC232 at 107and 109cfu/g for 45 days was signicantly higher than that in the control group (P< 0 .01) .The coelomic fluid lysozyme activities were signicantly enhanced in sea cucumbers receiving Vib‐rio sp .BC232 at 105 ,107 and 109 cfu/g for 30 days ,and 109 cfu/g for 45 days ,respectively ,compared to the control group (P < 0 .05) .Sea cucumbers fed V ibrio sp .BC232 at 105 cfu/g for 30 days ,and 105 ,107 and 109 cfu/g for 45 days ,respectively ,had higher coelomic fluid phenoloxidase activities than the animals fed basal diet(P < 0 .01) .Additionally ,10 sea cucumber from each group and control group were chal‐lenged with V .splendidus NB13 after feeding for 45 days .Cumulative incidence and mortality of sea cu‐cumber fed Vibrio sp .BC232 were found to be lower than those in the control group .The results showed that diet supplemented with V ibrio sp .BC232 stimulated the immune system of juvenile thus enhancing their resistance against V .sp lendidus .
		2014 Vol. (11): 708-712 [Abstract] ( 56 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (1355 KB) ( 198 )

	713	Effect of Licorice on Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in Hepatopancreas and Micronucleus Number in Red Blood Cell of Crucian Carp Carassius auratus exposed to Cu2+ Stress
		WANG Shi-feng,XU Ping,GULIMIRE Anwaier,REMILA Musha,WU Yong-jun
		Crucian carp (Carassius auratus) was bathed in tapwater (control group) ,water containing cop‐per and water supplemented with licorice for 7 days to evaluate detoxification function of licorice and re‐sponse of crucian carp to Cu2+ stress w ere studied via antioxidant enzyme activity ,Cu2+ content and micro‐nucleus levels in red cells . Results showed that there were significantly higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) ,and peroxidase (POD) activities and malonaldehyde (MDA) content in the fish bathed in the wa‐ter containing copper than those in the control group when the fish were bathed in the Cu2+ containing wa‐ter for 2 ,3 and 4 days .The activities of SOD and POD were increased significantly as Cu2+ exposure elasped ,but MDA content gradually decreased .The fish bathed in the licorice containing water had lower SOD ,and POD activities and MDA content in hepatopancreas than the fish in the control group .There was Cu2+ content of 13 .08 mg/kg and 14 .96 mg/kg in hepatopancreas of the fish bathed in the Cu2+ con‐taining water for 4 and 7 days ,significantly higher than those in the fish bathed in the licorice containing water (10 .83 mg/kg and 11 .64 mg/kg) .There was significantly lower micronucleus rate in the fish bathed in the licorice containing water(3 .17% ) than that in the fish bathed in the Cu2+ containing water (4 .17% ) for 7days ,indicating that licorice has a certain detoxification function .
		2014 Vol. (11): 713-717 [Abstract] ( 79 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (637 KB) ( 203 )

	718	Influence of Oral Administration of Chinese Herbal Medicines on Activity of Several Immunity Related Enzymes from Large Yellow Croaker Pseudosciaena crocea
		LI Mei-fang,ZHANG Wen-jie,MAO Zhi-juan,XU Jian,JU Han-run
		The authors compared several nonspecific immunity related parameters ,phagocytosis activity of lymphocytes ,and the activities of serum lysozyme ,superoxide dismutase (SOD) ,and catalase (CAT) of the large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) fed the diets containing various Chinese herbal medicines , and assayed the resistance against artificial challenge of pathogenic Pseudomonas plecoglossicida .The re‐sults showed that the activities of serum lysozyme ,SOD and CAT increased with the extension of feeding time within 28 days ;at the 28th day ,the detected enzyme activity in all the tested groups were significant‐ly higher than in control group (P<0 .05);and the activities of SOD and CAT in Codonopsis pilosula ad‐ministrated group was significantly higher than in other groups (P<0 .05) .During the artificial challenge againstpathogenic P.plecoglossicida,in Scutellariaradix ,Astragalusmembranaceus and C.pilosula groups a certain protection shown ,but no obvious protection was recorded in other groups .The findings suggests that w as Chinese herbal medicine additives could effectively enhance the nonspecific immunity of large yellow croaker ,but not enough to protect the fish from specific infection .
		2014 Vol. (11): 718-722 [Abstract] ( 73 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (654 KB) ( 287 )

	723	Screening and Purification of Bacillns in Tropical Area and Effect on Artificial Wastewater
		WU Hai-wu,GUO Cong,ZHU Yan-bo,HUANG Jie-chang,ZHOU Yong-can,GUO Wei-liang,WANG Shi-feng,XIE Zhen-yu
		A strain of Bacillus known as LS‐1305 was screened out from sediments of tropical marine aqua‐culture in Hainan province and was found to purify effectively artificial wastewater .Bacillus LS‐1305 was identified as B . f lexus by colonial morphology ,16S rDNA and biochemical characteristics tests .The LS‐1305 was inoculated at initial concentration of (2 .5 ± 0 .3)× 105cfu/mL into the artificial wastewater with initial chemical oxygen demand of (721 .5 ± 1 .8) mg/L ,ammonia nitrogen (67 .33 ± 0 .58) mg/L ,and ni‐trite (68 .56 ± 2 .08) mg/L and aerated by sterile air for 48 h to investigate the growth characteristics of LS‐1305 and safety for Pacific white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei .The growth regime of LS‐1305 with time in artificial wastewater was established and the LS‐1305 was approved to be security for Pacific white leg shrimp ,with the removal efficiency of 91 .61% for chemical oxygen demand ,86 .21% for ammo‐nia nitrogen and 87 .22% for nitrite ,indicating that LS‐1305 as a microbial preparations has potential for improvement of marine aquaculture water quality and environment in Hainan .
		2014 Vol. (11): 723-727 [Abstract] ( 78 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (648 KB) ( 329 )

	728	Genetic Mapping and QTL Location of Aquacultural Animals
		WANG Jun,CAO Ying-wei,LI Liang-yu,WEI Wen-yan,CHEN Xia,YANG Ma,TANG Hong,ZHANG Xiao-li

		2014 Vol. (11): 728-734 [Abstract] ( 75 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (0 KB) ( 289 )