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月刊，1984年创刊
主管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
主办：包头医学院
主编：赵云山
特邀主编：高长青
编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
邮发代号：16-292

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2014 Vol. , No. 4 Published: 2014-04-25

Article

	201	Effects of Four Inonotus obliquus Polysaccharides on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indices,Non-specific Immunity and Activities of Related Antioxidant Enzymes in Pacific White Leg Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
		LIU Xiao-ling,XU Xiang-qun,HUANG Yan-hua,CAO Jun-ming,WANG Guo-xia,MO Wen-yan,WU Chun-yu,FU Jing-jing
		A total of 450 individuals of Pacific white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei with initial body weight of (0 .52 ± 0 .01) g was randomly allocated into 5 groups and fed the basal diet (control group) and the basal diet supplemented with four different Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides (IPO1 ,IPO2 ,IPO3and IPO4) at a rate of 1000 mg/kg diet for 28 days to evaluate the effects of the Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides on grow th performance ,serum biochemical indices ,non-specific immunity and activities of related antioxidant enzymes .It was found that there were significantly higher weight gain rate (WGR) , specific growth rate (SGR) and significantly lower feed coefficient (FC) in IPO2 ,IPO3 ,and IPO4 than those in control group (P< 0 .05) .The shrimp in IPO4 had significantly higher food intake (FI) ,and survival rate (SR) than those in control group ( P<0 .05) .No significant differences in condition factors (CF) and hepato-somatic indices (HSI) were found among all groups (P>0 .05) .There were significantly higher crude lipid contents in the shrimp in IPO1 ,IPO2 ,IPO3 ,and IPO4 than that in control group (P<0 .05) .However ,there were significantly lower in ash contents in the shrimp in IPO 2 ,IPO3 ,and IPO4 , and significantly lower in serum uric acid (UA) contents in the shrimp in IPO2 ,and IPO4 (P<0 .05) . Serum lysozyme (LSZ) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were shown to be increased significantly in IPO3 and IPO4 (P<0 .05) ,and the serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity be significantly higher in the shrimp in IPO4 than that in the others ( P<0 .05) .Dietary Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides led to increase in serum phenol oxidase (PO ) ,superoxide dismutase (SOD ) ,anti-superoxide anion (anti-O2-) activities ,without significant difference ( P>0 .05) .Serum malondialdehyde (MDA ) content was found significantly lower in IPO4 than that in control group (P< 0 .05) .In conclusion ,four dietary Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides result in improvement of grow th performance and increase in activities of serum lysozyme ,total antioxidant capacity ,and alkaline phosphatase ,and in decrease in serum malondialdehyde content in the shrimp ,especially the Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide .
		2014 Vol. (4): 201-207 [Abstract] ( 61 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (673 KB) ( 404 )

	208	The Relative Expression of Four Stress Biomarker Genes in Hepatocytes of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L .) Fed Diets with Replacement of Fish Oil with Vegetable Oil
		ZHOU Ji-shu,STUBHAUG Ingunn,KRVEL Anne,OLSVIK Pl A,TORSTENSEN Bente E,JI Hong
		A total of 100 individuals of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L .) with body weight of(165 ± 15)g were divided equally into two groups and fed diets containing fish oil or soybean oil for 5 months at water temperature of 10 ℃ and a salinity of 32-34 .The fatty acid composition was analyzed in the livers and the hepatocytes was isolated and cultured for 24 h in 3 individuals sampled randomly from each group . Then total RNA in the cells was extracted and the relative expression of stress biomarker genes of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) ,heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) ,metallothionein (MTA) and ubiquitin was studied by RT-PCR to evaluate the effect of dietary fish oil (FO) and vegetable oil (VO) on stress in Atlantic salmon .The results showed that the fatty acid composition of the liver was affected by different oil based diet while the growth was not found significantly different between the two groups (P>0 .05) . There was very significantly higher relative mRNA expression of the four stress biomarkers in the hepatocyes of the fish fed the diet containing VO than the fish fed the diet containing FO (P< 0 .01) , indicating that VO induced higher stress state for Atlantic salmon .The findings provided the valuable information for the feasibility of replacing dietary FO with VO in Atlantic salmon diet .
		2014 Vol. (4): 208-213 [Abstract] ( 90 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (724 KB) ( 178 )

	214	Effects of Fresh Epigeic Earthworm (Eisenia f oetida) Supplement on Digestive Enzyme Activity in Hybrid Snakehead
		WANG Chao,MAO Shen-li,ZHOU Ai-guo,YAO Dong-lin,CHEN Jin-tao,ZOU Ji-xing
		Hybrid snakehead (Channa argus ♂ × C .maculata♀) was fed diets supplemented with various levels (0% ,5% ,7 .5% ,and 10% )of fresh epigeic earthworm (Eisenia f oetida) for 100 d to investigate the effects of earthworm supplementation on digestive enzyme activities in hybrid snakehead .The results showed that there was significantly higher amylase activity in stomach in the fish fed the diets supplemented with fresh earthworm than that in the fish in the control group (P<0 .05) ,the maximum in the fish fed the diet containing 7 .5% earthworm .The amylase activities in the hepatopancreas and pyloric caeca were found to be higher in the fish fed the diets supplemented with fresh earthworms than that in the fish in the control group , without significant difference ( P > 0 .05 ) . The trypspin activities in the hepatopancreas , foregut and mid-gut were shown to be increased with the increase in earthworm supplementation levels ,significant difference between 10% earthworms addition group and the control group (P<0 .05) ,and the maximum trypspin activity in the pyloric caeca in 7 .5% earthworm addition group and significantly higher than in other groups (P<0 .05) .For the pepsin ,the earthworm showed little effect on the activity in all digestive tissues ,especially in the stomach . The activity of lipase in hepatopancreas and mid-gut was found to be increased with the increase in earthworm supplementation levels ,significantly higher in 7 .5% and 10% earthworm addition groups than that in the control group (P<0 .05 ) , and no significant differences in the midgut among each group . With the increase in the earthworm supplementation ,the lipase activity in the stomach was found first increase and then decrease , significantly higher in the 5% and 7 .5% earthworm addition groups than in the control group (P<0 .05) . In the pyloric caeca ,there was significantly higher activity of lipase in 7 .5% earthworm addition group than in the control group (P<0 .05) .
		2014 Vol. (4): 214-218 [Abstract] ( 96 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (653 KB) ( 188 )

	219	Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Concentrations and Ratio on Growth in Sea Weed Sargassum thunbergii Seedlings
		DING Gang,YU Xiao-qing,ZHAN Dong-mei,ZHANG Shao-chun,LU Xiao,LI Mei-zhen,WU Hai-yi
		Seedlings of sea weed Sargassum thunbergii was cultivated in nutrient medium containing different concentrations of nitrogen (N) (0 ,2 ,4 ,6 ,8 ,and 10 mg/L ) and phosphorus (P) (0 ,0 .2 ,0 .4 , 0 .6 ,0 .8 ,and 1 .0 mg/L) to evaluate the effect of N and P concentrations on the sea weed growth and development .After that ,a two-factor trail was conducted to investigate the ratio of N to P (5∶1 ,10∶1 , 15∶ 1 ,20 ∶ 1 ,25 ∶ 1 ,30 ∶ 1 ,35 ∶ 1 ,and 40 ∶ 1) on the sea weed growth and development at P concentration of 0 .4 mg/L for 7days .The results showed that the concentrations and proportion of N and P in the medium had great significant influence on the grow th of the seedlings (p <0 .01) ,with interaction between N and P (p <0 .05) .The specific growth rate of the seedlings was found to be increased with the increase in N concentration ,with the maximal specific grow th rate at 0 .40 mg/L ,and at a ratio of N to P=20∶1 .The findings suggest that a good growth of S .thunbergii seedlings be achieved at suitable nutrient concentration and ratio of N and P in the medium .
		2014 Vol. (4): 219-222 [Abstract] ( 67 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (731 KB) ( 262 )

	223	The Growth and Photosynthetic Performance in Sea Weed Gracilaria chouae in a Pond in Summer
		LI Xin-shu,ZHONG Zhi-hai,XU Jun-tian,FU Guang-hui,CHEN Bai-yao
		The effects of water depth (20 cm ,50 cm and 80 cm) on growth rate ,photosynthesis and photosynthetic pigments contents were studied in sea weed Gracilaria chouae cultured in shrimp and crab polyculture ponds during summer ,and the effects of light intensity and temperature on grow th of the sea weed were also studied in a laboratory .The results showed that daily relative growth rate (RGR) of the sea weed was found to be decreased gradually with increase in water depth ,with daily RGR of 11 .7% at water depth of 20 cm ,9 .7% at 50 cm and 7 .1% at 80 cm .The maximum net photosynthetic rate was also reduced with increase in water depth .The indoor experiment results showed that the light and temperature had significant effects on RGR of the sea weed ,light playing more significant role than temperature .The daily RGR of 22 .9% was observed in the sea weed under light intensity of 14 000 lx ,while only daily RGR of 4 .9% was found under light intensity of 2200 lx .Light intensity also affected photosynthetic pigment contents significantly ,increase in chlorophyll a with increasing water depth ,and decrease in phycoerythrin with increase in water depth ,indicating that the pigmentation rearrangement is physiological adaptation of G .chouae to light intensity .
		2014 Vol. (4): 223-226 [Abstract] ( 107 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (729 KB) ( 348 )

	227	Physiological Responses of Juvenile Japanese Croaker Nibea j aponica to Hydrogen Peroxide
		ZHU Yun-hai,WANG Yue-bin,HU Ze-hui,CHAI Xue-jun
		In this paper , the concentrations of total plasma protein , potassium (K ) , sodium (Na ) , chloride (Cl) ,plasma calcium (Ca) ,phosphorus (P) ,magnesium (Mg) ,plasma cortisol and plasma glucose ,and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) ,catalase (CAT ) and lysozyme (LZM ) were determined in juvenile Japanese croaker Nibea japonica 1 h ,24 h and 48 h after the juveniles were exposed to hydrogen peroxide with triplication at 26 ℃ . The results showed that there were no significant differences in total plasma protein , and K+ levels and LZM activity between the hydrogen peroxide exposure groups and the control group .The levels of plasma Ca2+ ,P and Mg2+ were recovered to the normal levels in the juveniles at 24 h hydrogen peroxide exposure . There were significantly higher concentrations of Na+ , Cl- and cortisol than those in the control group at 48 h hydrogen peroxide exposure .The juveniles exposed to hydrogen peroxide for 24 h had significantly higher activities of SOD and CA T than the juveniles in the control group did ,and recovered to normal levels at 48 h hydrogen peroxide exposure .Some indicators derived from hydrogen peroxide exposure were found to be relatively sensitive to hydrogen peroxide exposure and to be recovered to normal level in more than 48 h .
		2014 Vol. (4): 227-230 [Abstract] ( 59 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (641 KB) ( 246 )

	231	Screening,Identification and Effect of a High Water Purification Bacterium
		XU Xia-xu,ZHOU Yong-can,ZHENG Xing,ZHU Jing-hai,XIE Zhen-yu,WANG Shi-feng,GUO Wei-liang
		A bacterium with highly effective water purification named as Bt-01 has been screened out from aquaculture area in Hainan province and was identified as Bacillus thuringiensis by colonial morphology , macro-morphology , biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA .The safety of Bt-01 was studied by intraperitoneal injection ,and the removal efficiency of COD ,nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen by Bt-01 were investigated in tilapia culturing water .The results showed that the survival rate of 100% was observed in the tilapia injected intraperitonally with 200μL bacterial suspension and then cultured for 30 d . The removal efficiency of nitrite nitrogen was found to be the maximum value of 98 .03% in the water for 12 h ,and 59 .10% for 31 h .The maximal COD removal efficiency of 51 .06% was found in the culturing tilapia water for 23 .5 h .The findings reveal that Bt-01 shows highly effective removal of COD ,nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in aquaculture water and would be popular in aquaculture industry .
		2014 Vol. (4): 231-236 [Abstract] ( 55 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (2752 KB) ( 281 )

	237	Screening and Enzymatic Property of Protease Producing Bacterial Strains from Octopus Octopus ocellatus
		WANG Yu-rong,QU Tian-li,JIN Yu-lan
		Ten bacterial strains were isolated from octopus Octopus ocellatus by casein medium ,in which 4 strains S-1 ,S-2 ,S-3 and S-8 showed high protease activity .The major physical and chemical characteristics of the proteinases were studied in this article .The protease activity of the fermentation liquid was found to be 1289 U/mL in S-1 ,937 U/mL in S-2 ,1222 U/mL in S-3 ,and 885 U/mL in S-8 . The maximal proteases activity was observed at temperature of 30 ℃ for the strains S-1 ,and S-3 ,and at 50 ℃ for the strains S-2 ,and S-8 ,with the optimum pH of 8 .5 in stain S-1 ,7 .0 in strain S-2 ,8 .0 in S-3 ,and 7 .0 in S-8 .The SDS-PAGE ,substrate casein and active staining confirmed that the main proteases produced by strain S-1 had molecular weights of 149 .6 ,127 .4 and 40 .3 ku ,and the protease molecular mass in strain S-3 showed molecular weights of about 123 .3 ,112 .2 ,71 .6 and 37 .8 ku .The findings suggest that the protease from protease-producing bacterial strains in the octopus was feasible to be isolated due to suitable fermentation condition ,high activity and stability and can be applied to industrial production .
		2014 Vol. (4): 237-240 [Abstract] ( 47 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (913 KB) ( 229 )

	241	Toxicity and Bioaccumulation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls to Mud Snail Bullacta exarata at Intertidal Zone
		YIN Cui-ling,ZHANG Qiu-feng,NIU Fu-xin,XU Yu-shan,MA Yu-yan
		The water quality , and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs ) levels were determined in the sediments and mud snail Bullacta exarata sampled from the intertidal Dagang Power Plant using gas chromatography Agilent 6890 .The results showed that there were PCBs levels at concentration of 16 .74 ng/g in the water ,21 .9 ng/g in the sediment and 24 .2 ng/g in the mud snails .The acute toxicity of PCBs to the mud snail revealed that the 96 h LC50 value was 92 .7 mg/kg for the snail ,with NOEC value of 50 mg/kg .The PCBs accumulation in the mud snails showed that the PCBs BSAF values were found to be changed with time ,with BSAF values of 1 .29 on the seventh day and 0 .78 on the twelfth day ,indicating that the PCBs accumulation in the mud snail body was increased first and then decreased .
		2014 Vol. (4): 241-244 [Abstract] ( 96 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (733 KB) ( 188 )

	245	The Concentration and Profile of Petroleum Hydrocarbon in Animals from Dalian Harbor Seal Nature Reservation Zone
		WANG Zhao-hui,TIAN Jia-shen,WANG Bai,WU Jin-hao
		The content and profile characteristics of petroleum hydrocarbon were examined in animals from Dalian Harbor Seal Nature Reservation Zone from March to April ,2012 for evaluation of the pollution level in animals .The results showed that the petroleum hydrocarbon content in the animals was ranged from 3 .15 mg/kg to 59 .1 mg/kg ,an average of 20 .5 mg/kg ,slightly lower in the reservation zone than that outside .There was higher petroleum hydrocarbon level in the animals in the survey area than that in other areas in China .The mollusks collected in the survey area were found to be polluted severely by petroleum hydrocarbon ,and much higher than the regulation standard ,indicating that there is obvious input of petroleum hydrocarbon in the survey area .
		2014 Vol. (4): 245-248 [Abstract] ( 76 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (770 KB) ( 326 )

	249	Acute Toxicity of Formalin to Chinese Tiger Crab Orithy ia sinica Larvae
		WANG Lian-yong,CAO Chen,XING Zuo-ping,HAO Yong-fang,SONG Song-wei,KUANG Shao-hua
		T he acute toxicity of formalin to different developmental larvae of Chinese tiger crab Orithy ia sinica was studied at water temperature of 25-26 ℃ and a salinity of 22 .The results showed that the larvae had change in the tolerance capacity to formalin with developmental stage .The value of median lethal concentrations (LC50 ) in 24h was found to be ranged as M (megalopa) >Zoea Ⅲ(Z3 ) >ZoeaⅡ(Z2 )>ZoeaⅠ(Z1 ) .In 36 h ,however ,the order of the LC50 value was ranged as M > Z2 > Z3 > Z1 .The LC50 of formalin for 48 h was found to be 97 .323 mg/L in Z1 ,163 .024 mg/L in Z2 ,122 .599 mg/L in Z3 ,and 168 .388 mg/L in M ,with the safe concentration of 3 .584 mg/L in Z1 ,8 .904 mg/L in Z2 ,4 .533 mg/L in Z3 ,and 9 .691 mg/L in M .It is suggested that the safe concentration (3 .584 mg/L ) of Z1 to formalin be the safe concentration during w hole larva breeding of Chinese tiger crab .
		2014 Vol. (4): 249-252 [Abstract] ( 102 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (637 KB) ( 411 )

	253	Effects of Quizalofop-P-ethyl · Benazolin on Expression of Esterase Isozymes in Different Tissues of Orential Weatherfish Misgumus anguillicaudatus
		YU Shu-chi,ZHU Jing-jing
		The effect of Quizalofop-P-ethyl · Benazolin on the expression of esterase (EST ) isozymes in five tissues including heart ,hepatopancreas ,spleen ,gill ,and muscle of orential weatherfish Misgurnus anguillicaudatus with body weight of 25 .20~28 .06 g were studied at water temperature of 23~25 ℃ by vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis . The results showed that various numbers of EST strips showing different strength were observed in the different tissues of the orential weatherfish exposed to different concentrations of Quizalofop-P-ethyl · Benazolin for 24-96 h .The order of activity in tissues was arranged as :spleen > gill> heart > muscle > hepatopancreas .The EST expression was found to be increased in 24 h ,showing high-level of excitability ,and then decreased in 48 h or 72 h ,indicating that the expression was inhibited ,and increased again in 96 h ,which showed its adaptability .
		2014 Vol. (4): 253-257 [Abstract] ( 53 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (2223 KB) ( 243 )

	258	Effects and Mechanisms of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) on Antioxidases in Aquatic Animals
		XU You-qing,M EI Jie,DING Zhao-kun

		2014 Vol. (4): 258-262 [Abstract] ( 57 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (653 KB) ( 284 )

	263	A Review of Development of Pharmacokinetics of Antibacterial Drugs in Shrimps and Crabs
		LI Wei,LU Ya-nan,ZHANG Feng

		2014 Vol. (4): 263-268 [Abstract] ( 63 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (654 KB) ( 246 )