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月刊，1984年创刊
主管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
主办：包头医学院
主编：赵云山
特邀主编：高长青
编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
邮发代号：16-292

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2014 Vol. , No. 5 Published: 2014-05-25

Article

	269	Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Sources on Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics and Growth of Green Alga Cy lindrotheca sp.
		LIANG Ying,SUN Ming-hui,TIAN Chuan-yuan,CAO Chun-hui
		The effects of 3 nitrogen sources (sodium nitrate , ammonium chloride and urea ) and 3 phosphorus sources (sodium dihydrogen phosphate , sodium glycerophosphate and disodium adenosine triphosphate) on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and growth in green alga Cylindrotheca sp .B200 were studied by aerated indoor batch culture method and chlorophyll fluorescence analysis .The results showed that the maximal values of Fv/Fm (the maximum photochemical efficiency of PS Ⅱ) were observed in urea treatment from the 1st day to the 4th day and in sodium nitrate treatment from the 7th day to the 9th day ,respectively .For the parameters Pm (the maximum efficiency of photosynthesis ) and qP (the photochemical quenching) ,the maximal values were recorded in sodium nitrate treatment from the 3rd day to the 9th day and the minimal values were recorded in urea treatment during the entire experimental period .The maximal values of α (the initial slope of the rapid light curve) were detected in sodium nitrate treatment from the 1st day to the 7th day ,while those of Ik (the half saturation of light intensity ) were recorded in sodium nitrate treatment from the 4th day to the 9th day .At the end of experiment ,there were higher final cell density and dry weight in sodium nitrate treatment than those in other treatments .The minimal chlorophyll contents were shown in ammonium chloride treatment while the higher values were found in sodium nitrate and urea treatments ,without significant difference in the two treatments .For phosphorus sources , the maximal values of Fv/Fm were observed in sodium dihydrogen phosphate treatment w hile the minimal values in disodium adenosine triphosphate treatment from the 5th day to the 9th day .The parameters qP and α were found significantly higher under sodium dihydrogen phosphate treatment than those in other treatments from the 3rd day to the 9th day .The maximal and minimal Pm and Ik values were recorded in sodium dihydrogen phosphate and disodium adenosine triphosphate treatments from the 6th day to the 9thday ,respectively .At the end of experiment ,the final cell density ,dry weight and chlorophyll content were significantly higher in the sodium dihydrogen phosphate treatment than those in other two treatments .
		2014 Vol. (5): 269-276 [Abstract] ( 62 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (2628 KB) ( 278 )

	277	Analysis of Effects of Fish Length Frequency Data on Estimates of Growth Parameters
		YE Ting,WANG Ying-bin,ZHOU Cong-yu
		Simulation data of 6 ages and 12 months were developed based on mackerel (Scomber j aponica) samples collected from the East China Sea during 2009 and 2010 .The impacts of length frequency biases , w hich usually come from the fishing selectivity or man‐made factors ,on the estimates of grow th parame‐ters (L∞ and K) when using FiSAT Ⅱ ,were analyzed .Scenarios of fewer smaller fishes and lack of larger fish were considered in the simulation analyses .The results showed that the larger fishes in the sample were critical to the accuracy of estimation .When there were fewer data or fewer smaller individuals in the samples ,the estimated L∞ and K were very close to the true values if the largest length group was availa‐ble .However ,when larger individuals were absent in the samples ,the estimated parameters were differed greatly from the true values .The estimated L∞ was smaller than the true value ,while K was larger . Therefore ,when FiSAT Ⅱ is applied to the estimation of growth parameters ,the distribution of length frequency in the sample should be accordance with that in the population ,and make sure that the largest length group is available in the sample .In this way , L∞ ,K ,and the abundance and catch in further as‐sessment can be accurately obtained .
		2014 Vol. (5): 277-282 [Abstract] ( 89 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (871 KB) ( 657 )

	283	Epidemiological Investigation and Survey of Gill Hemorrhagic Disease in Silver Prussian Carp (Carassius auratus gibelio)
		WU Ting,DING Zheng-feng,ZHU Chun-yan,XUE Zhong-yi,GU Wei,MENG Qing-guo,WANG Wen
		Gill hemorrhagic disease as a new type disease in silver prussian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) caused by Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV‐2) makes harmful in silver prussian carp aquaculture .In present paper ,we make an epidemiological investigation on this new disease in Baoying county ,an important aquaculture area in Jiangsu province .The past records of disease ,epidemic seasons ,hosts suffered from the disease ,symptoms and pathological changes ,molecular biological detection ,and challenged infection are described ,therefore ,some valuable information are provided to the fishers and related researchers for understanding of the disease .
		2014 Vol. (5): 283-287 [Abstract] ( 72 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (6933 KB) ( 63 )

	288	Cloning,Characterization and Expression of Full-length cDNA of a Copper/Zinc Superoxide Dismutase Gene in Sea Cucumber (Apostichopus j aponicus)
		GAO Shan,DONG Ying,WANG Bai,YANG Ai-fu,CHEN Zhong,GUAN Xiao-yan,JIANG Jing-wei,JIANG Bei,SUN Hong-juan,ZHOU Zun-chun
		In this study ,the full‐length cDNA of Cu/Zn‐SOD gene as an immune‐related gene was cloned and characterized in sea cucumber (A postichopus japonicus) .It was found that the Cu/Zn‐SOD gene had full‐length of 1 500 bp including a 129 bp 5’‐untranslated region (UTR) ,459 bp ORF encoding 152 amino acids ,and a 912 bp 3’‐UTR with predicted molecular weight of 17 .47 ku .Four copper binding sites (His‐44 ,‐46 ,‐61 ,and‐118) and four Zn binding sites (His‐61 ,‐69 ,‐78 ,and Asp‐81) ,a conserved disulfide bond (Cys‐55 ,‐144 ) , and two conserved Cu/Zn‐SOD signatures were identified in the deduced amino acid sequence in the Cu/Zn‐SOD .The deduced amino acid sequence showed 71% amino acid sequence identity to the Cu/Zn‐SOD in Leptopilinaboulardi and Bemisia tabaci .Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Cu/Zn‐SOD gene in the sea cucumber was close to that in purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus in invertebrate cluster .Quantitative real‐time PCR analysis showed that the Cu/Zn‐SOD gene was expressed in all the tested tissues including body wall ,feet ,coelomocytes ,respiratory tree ,muscle ,and intestine , the maximal expression level in feet . The expression of the Cu/Zn‐SOD mRNA was down‐regulated significantly in the coelomocytes 4—12 h after bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge ,indicating that the Cu/Zn‐SOD gene would be one of the immune‐related factor .
		2014 Vol. (5): 288-295 [Abstract] ( 76 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (1283 KB) ( 283 )

	296	Extraction Process of Lectin from Laminaria j aponica
		LI Dan-tong,LI Yue,YIN Jian-peng,LI Shuai,LI Xiao-li
		To further probe the best extract solution of lectin from L aminaria j aponica .In this study ,we separately selsct four kinds of single factor :pH ,Material‐water ratio ,soaking time and temperature .Buffer select PBS ,TBS and mannitol ,Material‐water ratio selected six gradient (1∶5—1∶30) ,soaking time select six gradient (5 -30h) ,temperature select nine gradient (30 -110 ℃) ,which adopt a method of controlling the three factors being equal ,to get the best extraction effect of each factor .Optimum results are buffer of TBS pH 7 .7 ,Material‐water ratio of 1∶30 ,soaking time for 15h and temperature of 40 ℃ and 60 ℃ .Elected from each single factor that the optimal conditions of extraction and two adjacent levels (three levels ) of it ,to make the four factors and three levels of orthogonal test . According to the orthogonal test range analysis ,buffer of TBS pH 7 .7 ,Material‐water ratio of 1∶20 ,soaking time for 20h , the temperature of the 50℃ is this best combination of each factor for extracting lectin from L aminaria j aponica .We get an optimum combination for extraction of lectin from L aminaria j aponica ,make the extraction process has been optimized .It provide a favorable theoretical basis for research of lectin from L aminaria j aponica .
		2014 Vol. (5): 296-300 [Abstract] ( 94 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (712 KB) ( 201 )

	301	The Acute Toxicity of Cr6+/Cd2+to Snail Thais clavigera
		XIE Jia-yan,ZHU Ai-yi
		The acute toxicity of Cr6+ /Cd2+ to snail Thais clavigera was studied in 24 ,48 ,72 and 96 h at varied temperature and densities ,and the accumulation of Cr6+ /Cd2+ was analyzed in the viscera and feet of the snail by atomic absorption spectroscopy .The results showed that Cr6+ was found low‐toxic and Cd2+ mid‐toxic to the snail ,Cd2+ being more toxic than Cr6+ ,with safe concentration of 7 .94 mg/L in Cr6+ and 0 .74 mg/L in Cd2+ ,10 times higher toxicity in Cd2+ than in Cr6+and much more higher than the fishery water quality standard (Cr6+ ≤0 .1 mg/L ;Cd2+ ≤ 0 .005 mg/L) ,and as high 79 times for Cr6+ as the standard and 148 times for Cd2+ as the standard .The higher mortality and more rapid death were observed at higher temperature in the snail by Cr6+ and Cd2+ in an interval within certain range . Absorption of Cr6+ and Cd2+ by the snail was found to be increased with rising temperature within given ranges .Temperature led to higher accumulation of Cr6+ than the accumulation of Cd2+ .There was more accumulation of heavy metals in the viscera than in foot muscle .The accumulation of Cr6+ was varried with temperature ,while the Cd2+ was constantly absorbed .
		2014 Vol. (5): 301-305 [Abstract] ( 72 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (725 KB) ( 243 )

	306	Isolation,Identification and Drug Sensitive Test of Pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila from Nile Tilapia Oreochromis nilotica
		YANG Ning,HUANG Hai,ZHANG Xi,JIANG Fang-yan
		The pathogenic bacterial strains were isolated from diseased Nile tilapia Oreochromis nilotica , identified to species by bacterial morphology ,physiology and biochemistry and 16S rDNA ,and a drug sensitive test of the bacterial pathogen was carried out to provide reference for treatment of the disease . Strain NL01 was identified as a pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila by infection experiment , and morphology ,and gram‐negative ,and rod‐shaped pathogen .Strain NL01 showed 18 positive physiological and biochemical indices including arginine hydrolase ,VP ,aesculin and mannitol .The 16S rDNA PCR fragment was found to be 1446 bp in length .Drug sensitivity test showed that the pathogen NL 01 was sensitive to 13 kinds of antibiotics including azithromycin , ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin , followed by ceftriaxone , kanamycin and streptomycin , and resistant to other 15 kinds of antibiotics such as amoxicillin ,ampicillin , and enrofloxacin . The findings indicate that 13 kinds of antibiotics including Azithromycin ,ofloxacin ,and ciprofloxacin are suggested to be used in treatment of this disease .
		2014 Vol. (5): 306-310 [Abstract] ( 71 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (936 KB) ( 564 )

	311	Cloning and Derived Antibacterial Peptides of Histone H2A Gene in Black Carp Mylopharyngodon piceus,Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus,Silver Carp Hy pophthalmichthys molitrix and Bighead Carp Aristichthys nobilis
		WU Xiang-min,ZHAO Yan-jing,KONG Xiang-hui,JIANG Hong-xia,LI Li,NIE Guo-xing,LI Xue-jun
		Antimicrobial peptide derived from Histone H2A ,one of the chromosome structure protein ,is a cationic antimicrobial peptide showing a potential to substitute antibiotics .The characterization of histone H2A and the derivative antibacterial peptides are important for understanding of the mechanism and antibacterial difference among peptides derived from different H 2A genes in different fish .In this study , RT‐PCR was used to amply the H2A cDNA with the total RNA as the template in black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus , grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus , silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and bighead carp A ristichthys nobilis .The homologous H2A gene sequences were selected in the BLAST in GenBank ,and aligned in software Mega5 . The universal primers were designed in software Primer5 to amplify H2A genes collected and linked with a T‐vector ,and transferred into the competent cells for cloning .The H2A gene sequences with the length of 364 bp in the four fish species were cloned , and the deduced proteins were found to be unstable ,with the PI value of 10 .48—11 .02 and the total average hydrophilicity of 0 .179—0 .264 by online analysis . Both sequence homology analysis and the constructed phylogenetic tree revealed that the deduced H2A proteins showed the high homology (over 85% ) in four fish species with those in Sinocyclocheilus angustiporus and zebrafish .Histone H2A‐derived antibacterial peptide located in N terminal region in the four fish species showed the high homology with Hipposin in Atlantic halibut H ip poglossus hip poglossus .In addition ,there were glutamic acid residues in all amino acid sequences . It was confirmed that the antibacterial peptides derived from H 2A include Hipposin ,Parasin Ⅰ ,and Buforin ,belonging to cationic peptides with αspiral structure .
		2014 Vol. (5): 311-316 [Abstract] ( 101 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (1710 KB) ( 301 )

	317	Identification and Changes in Membrane Fatty Acid Composition at Low Temperature in Vibrio alginoly ticus from Frozen Cuttlefish Sepiella maindroni
		LI Zheng-yi,JIA Jun-tao,CAO Ji-juan,XU Biao,JIANG Ying-hui
		Bacterial strain C6‐1 isolated from cuttlefish Sepiella maindroni was characterized and changes in membrane fatty acid composition of the bacterial strain C 6‐1 in response to low temperature were also studied . The physiological and biochemical characteristics were analyzed using VITEK 2 compact automated microbiology system . The 16S rRNA gene was sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis ,and the fatty acids were detected by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) .It was found that strain C6‐1 was Gram‐negative and susceptible to the vibriostatic agent O/129 ,that exhibited the maximal level of 98% probability to Vibrio alginolyticus based on the conventional physiological test . The sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene of C6‐1 isolation showed that C6‐1 was very close to V . alginolyticus (GenBank No .JF836167) with similarity of 99% .The major fatty acids were shown to be C12 :0 ,C14:0 ,C16 :0 ,C16:1(n‐7) ,iso‐C17 :0 ,C18 :0 and C18 :1 (n‐9) .The major change in fatty acid composition in response to low temperature was characterized by increase in fatty acids with chain lengths less than 16 carbons from 14 .8% to 44 .1% .
		2014 Vol. (5): 317-320 [Abstract] ( 53 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (653 KB) ( 245 )

	321	Complement Gene Expression in Amphioxus Challenged with Escherichia coli and Staphy loccocus aureus
		WANG Guang-feng,LI Fang,ZHANG Shi-cui
		The expression of complement key genes Bf ,C3 ,C6 and MASP was investigated in RNA extracts from gut and gutted body in amphioxus challenged with Escherichia coli and Staphyloccocus aureus by a real‐time PCR assay and specific primers designed for selected genes at 1 ,3 ,12 ,24 ,36 ,48 and 72 h post‐infection (pi) with E .coli and S .aureus .The results showed that the patterns of the gene expression were similar in the amphioxus challenged with both bacteria .Compared with the controls ,Bf , C3 and C6 genes showed a similar up‐regulation profile after challenge .In contrast ,MASP expression was found to be decreased significantly after the amphioxus was challenged with both bacteria .The expression of Bf ,C3 and C6 genes was significantly up‐regulated and peaked earlier in the gut than in the gutted body .T he findings indicate that the complement components play an important role in the acute phase of infection and that amphioxus digestive system rich in mucosa may be the major immune tissue responding to bacterial challenge and play an important role in the immune response .
		2014 Vol. (5): 321-325 [Abstract] ( 66 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (768 KB) ( 284 )

	326	A Review of Research Progresses of Diseases in Mud Crab Scylla paramamosain
		ZHENG Tian-lun

		2014 Vol. (5): 326-330 [Abstract] ( 93 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (639 KB) ( 730 )

	331	A Review:Current Research of Function,Biochemistry and Molecular Structure of Androgenic Gland Hormone in Crustacean
		ZHANG Ya-qun,WANG Ke-jian

		2014 Vol. (5): 331-336 [Abstract] ( 80 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (653 KB) ( 322 )