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月刊，1984年创刊
主管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
主办：包头医学院
主编：赵云山
特邀主编：高长青
编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
邮发代号：16-292

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2014 Vol. , No. 6 Published: 2014-06-25

Article

	337	Embryonic,Larval and Juvenile Development of Hybrid between Tawny Puffer Taki f ugu f lavidus (♀) × Redfin Puffer Taki f ugu rubripes (♂)
		ZHANG Fu-chong,ZHAO Hai-tao,WAN Yu-mei,FANG Xiao
		In this paper ,interspecies hybridization between tawny puffer Takif ugu f lavidus (♀ ) and redfin puffer T .rubripes (♂) were carried out by ecological adjustment and control ,hormone induction and artificial propagation . The development of the hybrid embryonic , larval and juvenile was also observed ,and morphological characteristics and duration were described in detail .The fertilized eggs as an adhensive demersal egg were measured (1 .02 ± 0 .04) mm in diameter ,and hatched on about the 150th hour after fertilization of the hybrid , and the embryonic development had total effective accumulated temperature of 2790 ℃ at water temperature 18 ~ 19 ℃ and a salinity of 30 ~ 32 . The embryonic development was divided into 7 stages ,and 24 substages ,and the newly hatched larvae had total length of (2 .52 ± 0 .15) mm ,with a large yolk sac ,accounting for about one third of the body .The myomere and systemic circulation were clearly observed in the freshly hatched larvae whose yolk sac was almost exhausted four days later .The larvae began exogenous feeding and completely fed 8 days later .After 15 days ,the front part of the larval belly was covered with a large number of “tiny prickles” and ‘air‐blowing’ was found in the larvae . After 18 days , the larvae were developed into juveniles with tooth formation .After 25 days ,the juveniles had the front teeth ,showing attacking behavior each other with mortality peak .After 41 days ,the juveniles developed into subadult ,more similar to tawny puffer ,and showed morphological characteristics in the early stage of the hybrids .
		2014 Vol. (6): 337-343 [Abstract] ( 59 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (5235 KB) ( 278 )

	344	Response of Oxidative Stress Indicators in Liver and Muscle of Mullet Liza haematocheila to Variation in Dissolved Oxygen Levels
		LIU Xu-jia,HUANG Guo-qiang,LI Jie,TANG Xia
		The changes in oxidative stress indicators were studied in liver and muscle of the juvenile mullet Liza haematocheila under four patterns of dissolved oxygen levels .The results showed that the variation in oxidative stress indicators was consistent and rhythmical in liver ,lower than in muscle in the pattern nearly constantly saturated with dissolved oxygen .Most of the oxidative stress indicators were found to be increased significantly in liver in the pattern from nearly saturated to the minimum value of dissolved oxy‐gen ,but the opposite case in the muscle .There was significantly difference in rhythm of the oxidative stress indicators in liver under the pattern from nearly saturated ,super‐saturated ,and nearly saturated to minimum value of dissolved oxygen compared with that in the pattern of saturated dissolved oxygen .How‐ever ,the level of the oxidative stress indicators was found to be increased on the next day when the content of the dissolved oxygen was reduced to 1 .0 mg/L .In the pattern from over‐saturation ,nearly saturation to recovery from nearly saturation ,the content of oxidative stress indicators in muscle was declined sharply compared to the pattern of nearly saturated dissolved oxygen ,with the consistent change in rhythm with the content of dissolved oxygen .The maximal value of T‐AOC was observed in the supersaturated period , and the maximal SOD and T‐SOD activities in liver were found in the 24 h recovery stage after the nearly saturated period .In the muscle ,however ,the maximum value of all the oxidative stress indicators was ob‐served in the recovery stage .The findings indicated that the oxidative stress indicators in different pattern showed different dissolved oxygen contents and rhythm compared to the normal dissolved oxygen condi‐tion .T he mullet had positive response to the variation in dissolved oxygen patterns and maintained antiox‐idant substance during the lower dissolved oxygen level period .
		2014 Vol. (6): 344-349 [Abstract] ( 56 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (665 KB) ( 224 )

	350	Histological Features of Hematopoietic Organs of Normal and White-gill Diseased Large Yellow Croaker Pseudosciaena crocea
		CUI Long-bo,CHI Shuang,LI Xin-hua,LIU Ran,LI Qian,ZHAO Zhen-jun,MA Jia-hao
		The histological structure of hematopoietic organs was studied in normal large yellow croaker Pseudosciaena crocea and the pathological changes was histologically observed in the white‐gill diseased large yellow croaker to understand the pathogenesis of the w hite‐gill disease . T he obvious trabeculae divided the splenic parenchyma being comprised of w hite pulps , red pulps , sheathed capillaries and melanomacrophage center into numerous irregular lobules .The white pulps were formed by the tightly packed small lymphocytes ,and the sheathed capillary around the red pulp was located in each lobule . There were many melanomacrophage centers in the spleen .The lymphoid tissue in the head kidney was divided into lymphocyte‐aggregate region which consisted of the tightly packed small lymphocytes and granulocyte‐aggregate region which was mainly composed of the granulocytes and the neutrophils .The interrenal tissue cells were found in the head kidney .In the fishes with white‐gill disease ,the gills and the livers were pale in color and the bile was large in size . The splenic trabeculae and the lobules were indistinct ,and the red pulps were filled with a lot of erythrocytes showing serious degenerative changes and there were rare small lymphocytes . Numerous macrophages contained the swallowed masses with different colors .The small lymphocytes in the lymphocyte‐aggregate regions and the granulocytes and the neutrophils in the granulocyte‐aggregate regions were decreased obviously ,while the monocytes in the granulocyte‐aggregate regions were increased significantly in the head kidney and kidney .The bile pigment granules were found in the renal tubules .There were few haemocytes ,in particular ,erythrocytes ,in the blood vessels of liver ,gill and other organs .
		2014 Vol. (6): 350-355 [Abstract] ( 72 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (11071 KB) ( 161 )

	356	Fatty Acid Composition of the Fishes Fed by Chinese White Dolphin
		HE Xiao-xiao,NING Xi,LIN Wen-zhi,LIU Jian-chang,ZHENG Rui-qiang,WEN Hua,WU Yu-ping
		The fatty acid levels were determined in 30 species of marine fish consumed by Chinese white dolphin Sousa teusz ii collected at Pearl River estuary by improved Folch method and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) .Results showed that there was the maximal saturated fatty acids (SFA , 45 .65% ) ,followed by monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA ,30 .83% ) ,and less polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA ,23 .51% ) in the total fatty acids in the dietary fish oil .The further analysis indicated that the less PUFA levels ,especially the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA ) level ,were observed in the dietary fishes in Pearl River estuary than in other waters .
		2014 Vol. (6): 356-362 [Abstract] ( 89 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (663 KB) ( 433 )

	363	Mathematical Analysis of Effects of Morphometric Attributes on Body Weight and Growth of Hemibarbus labeo in Cage Culture
		LI Jun,LUO Xiao-nian,JIN Guang-hai,LIU Yi-xin,LI Jing-wei,YANG Pei-min
		Eleven morphometric attributes including total length (x1 ) ,body length(x2 ) ,body depth (x3 ) , head length (x4 ) ,snout length (x5 ) ,interorbital (x6 ) ,postorbital head length (x7 ) ,caudal peduncle length (x8 ) ,caudal peduncle depth (x9 ) ,head depth(x10 ) and body weight(y) were measured in 234 three‐month‐old H emibarbus labeo samples . T he correlation index , path coefficients and determination coefficient were calculated based on morphometric attributes by correlation analysis ,path analysis and multivariate analysis ,and the significan morphometric attributes (P<0 .05) were used to establish the multiple regression equations .The results showed that the maximal coefficient of variation was found in y (21 .5806% ) , higher than that in variation of the other morphological attributes , with a normal distribution in morphometric attributes . T he correlation coefficients of morphological attributes to body weight were all at very significant level (P< 0 .01) .The path analysis revealed that partial regression coefficients of x2 (0 .4316) , x3 (0 .3487) , x6 (-0 .0621) , x9 (0 .2071) and x10 (0 .1101) were found at significant level (P< 0 .05) .The determination coefficients was larger in x2 (0 .1863) than that in x3 (0 .1216) ,x9 (0 .0429) ,x10 (0 .0121) and x6 (0 .0039) .The determination coefficient of x2 and x3 to y was higher than that of others .The high value of correlation index between morphometric attributes and body weight was 0 .892 (r2 ) with significant level (P<0 .05) ,indicating that the five attributes (x2 ,x3 ,x6 ,x9 and x10 ) were key morphometric attributes to the body weight and practical in the selective breeding of H . labeo .The significant morphometric attributes (P<0 .05) were used to establish the multiple regression equation as y = -3 .778+0 .550x2 +1 .417x3 -0 .839x6 +1 .915x9 +0 .715x10 ,in juvenile H .labeo[x2 =(5 .30 ± 0 .34) cm ,x3 = (1 .15 ± 0 .11) cm ,x6 = (0 .51 ± 0 .03) cm ,x9 = (0 .49 ± 0 .05) cm ,and x10 =(0 .99 ± 0 .07) cm ,Y = (1 .98 ± 0 .43) g] .The fish cultured in the cage for 26 months had x2 = (32 .40 ± 2 .87 ) cm ,x3 = (7 .22 ± 0 .84 ) cm , x6 (1 .18 ± 0 .09 )cm , x9 (2 .78 ± 0 .32 ) cm , x10 (5 .33 ± 0 .64 ) cm and y= (576 .94 ± 143 .82 ) g .
		2014 Vol. (6): 363-368 [Abstract] ( 53 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (657 KB) ( 261 )

	369	Preparation and Establishment of ELISA Method for Detection of Edwardsiella tarda eseB Protein Antibody
		LI Jun-wei,GAO Fan,WANG Bin
		In this study ,high titer of antiserum was obtained by immunizing New Zealand rabbits using the recombinant eseB protein as an antigen ,and indirect ELISA method was established to quickly detect Edwardsiella tarda .It was found that the ELISA titer of the rabbit serum was 1 ∶ 51200 ,and the recombinant eseB protein was shown to specifically recognize the polyclonal antibody by western blotting . The optimal coating concentration of the pathogenic bacterium tested by ELISA assay was found 108 cell/mL ,and the best dilution of polyclonal anti‐serum was 1 ∶ 16000 .The minimum concentration of the pathogenic bacterium was 104 cell/mL ,and different sources of eseB protein of E .tarda were detected , showing that the low virulent strains 15 947 and ETV reacted negatively with the anti‐serum ,indicating that the expression of eseB protein was associated with its pathogenicity .The ELISA method has strong specificity in detecting Edw ardsiella tarda .
		2014 Vol. (6): 369-373 [Abstract] ( 67 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (839 KB) ( 223 )

	374	The Anaesthetic Effect of MS-222 on Megalobrama pellegrini Juveniles
		QU Huan-tao,LIU Yong,GUO Wen-tao,XIAO Kan,GUAN Min,LI Sha,LU Xue-bao
		The anaesthetic effect of MS‐222 on Megalobrama pellegrini juveniles was studied in water tanks in a laboratory at water temperature of 24—25 ℃ .In terms of the behavior characteristic of the fish , the anaesthetia was divided into five stages ,and the recovery process was divided into four stages .The fish was found to be anaesthetized more rapidly with increase in the concentration of MS‐222 (F=430 .263 ,P< 0 .01) ,with effective dose of 70—120 mg/L for anaesthetia . The fish showed rapid increase in respiratory frequency during the anaesthetic stage 1 and stage 2 first ,and then decline slowly from stage 2 to stage 4 ,until the fish stopped opercula moving in the stage of 5 due to excessive anaesthetia .There was a positive correlation between exposure time to air and recovery time for deeply anaesthetized fish (F=145 .416 ,P < 0 .01) ,significant difference(P<0 .01) among different exposure time groups except the two shorter exposure groups(3 min and 4 min) .The fish had recovery rate of 100% when the fish was exposed to MS‐222 within 5 min ,and only a few fish was recovered over 5 min .The fish came to death when the fish was exposed to MS‐222 for 12 min .
		2014 Vol. (6): 374-378 [Abstract] ( 80 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (723 KB) ( 239 )

	379	Identification and Drug Sensitivity Test of Pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila from Goldfish Carassius auratus
		ZHOU Yi,ZHANG Pei-pei,XU Ye,CAO Jie,MENG Xue-ping,DUAN Hong-an
		Aeromonas hydrophila is one of the main pathogen of freshwater fish bacterial septicemia .The bacterium was isolated and identified from dead gold fish and drug sensitive tests were performed in order to provide references for the bacterial disease prevention and control in ornamental fish .A dominant bacteria strain was isolated from hepatopancreas of dead Carassius auratus and identified by artificial infection experiment ,cultural characteristics ,physical and chemical characters ,and 16S rRNA sequence analysis .The results showed that the strain was A .hydrophila .Homology of 16S rRNA of the isolated strain and other several A .hydrophila was more than 99 .3% .Drug sensitive test revealed that the isolated strain was highly sensitive to 21 kinds of drugs , including tetracyclines ,quinolones , sulfonamides , cefuroxime ,ceftazidimeand cefepime ,and resistant to penicillin G ,ampicillin ,amoxicillin ,cefalexin , lincomycin and medemycin . Results in this study showed that many antibiotics (such as doxycycline , midecamycin ,co‐trimoxazole ,sulfamethoxazole ,azithromycin ,enrofloxacin ,and norfloxaci) can be used to control and prevent bacterial disease caused by A .hydrophila in gold fish .
		2014 Vol. (6): 379-384 [Abstract] ( 73 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (1252 KB) ( 447 )

	385	Effects of Temperature on Incubation and Sexual Determination in Turtle Mauremys sinensis
		RONG Yin-yan,LING Lan,FU Li-rong,SHI Hai-tao
		The effects of temperature [(25 ± 0 .5) ,(27 ± 0 .5) ,(29 ± 0 .5) ,(31 ± 0 .5) ,and (33 ± 0 .5) ℃] and temperature conversion (from 27 ℃ to 33 ℃ and from 33 ℃ to 27 ℃) on embryonic development ,sex‐ual differentiation ,and survival of eggs were studied in turtle Mauremys sinensis incubated at a rate of 30 eggs at each temperature under relative air moisture of 85% ~90% and substrate moisture of 5% ~10%with duplication .The incubation period was found to be gradually declined and the incubation survival rate to be increased with the raising temperature ,the minimal incubation survival rate of 46 .2% at 25 ℃ ,and the maximal incubation survival rate of 96 .2% at 27 ℃ .The newly hatched turtle showed significant in‐crease in body weight ,length of carapace and plastron at 27 ℃ ,decline in incubation survival rate ,and in‐crease in malformation at 33 ℃ ,indicating that the turtle embryos did not develop normally at 33 ℃ .At 25 ℃ ,83 .3% of male individuals was observed in the hatched turtle ,and gradually reduced with the tem‐perature rising .At 33 ℃ ,however ,the newly hatched turtles were all female .The temperature conver‐sion showed that the mechanism of the gender determination was found to be TSD ,especially TSD Ⅰ in snapping turtle M .sinensis .
		2014 Vol. (6): 385-388 [Abstract] ( 60 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (632 KB) ( 592 )

	389	The Biological Toxicity of Various Day Old Brine Shrimp Artemia salineto Drilling Effluent
		YIN Cui-ling,ZHANG Qiu-feng,LIU Yang,NIU Fu-xin,XU Yu-shan
		The 96h biological toxicity of drilling effluent to two ,five ,ten ,twenty and thirty day old brine shrimp A rtemia saline was studied at water temperature from 23 ℃ to 25 ℃ .The results showed that the differences in mortality of the brine shrimp caused by different concentrations of drilling effluent were found to be increased with the test period elapse .There were significant differences in mortality between the second ,third ,fourth and fifth brime shrimp groups and the control group (P< 0 .05) ,except for between the first group and the control group in 96 h test .The 96 h LC50 was found to be 3464 mg/L in 2 day old A rtemia ,3488 mg/L in 5 day old A rtemia ,3452 mg/L in 10 day old A rtemia ,4811 mg/L in 20 day old A rtemia ,and 2592 mg/L in 30 day old A rtemia ,with the test time elapse ,the differences in mortality being decreased among all age A rtemia .
		2014 Vol. (6): 389-392 [Abstract] ( 47 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (852 KB) ( 194 )

	393	Research Progress on Green Feed Additives in Sea Cucumber Apostichopus j aponicus Aquaculture
		WANG Xi-tao,XU Yong-ping,JIN Li-ji,LI Xiao-yu,LI Shu-ying,LI Ji-bin,YOU Jian-song,WANG Jiang

		2014 Vol. (6): 393-397 [Abstract] ( 59 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (646 KB) ( 228 )

	398	Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase Molecular Characterization and Immune Responses to Pathogens in Aquatic Animals
		QIAO Dan,LIU Dan-dan,WANG Mei-juan,ZHANG Hong-xu,KONG Xiang-hui

		2014 Vol. (6): 398-402 [Abstract] ( 60 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (645 KB) ( 357 )